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hello<00:00:09.760><c> hello</c><00:00:10.480><c> yeah</c><00:00:10.679><c> I</c><00:00:10.800><c> guess</c><00:00:10.960><c> it's</c><00:00:11.160><c> my</c><00:00:11.400><c> turn</c><00:00:12.400><c> um</c>

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hello hello yeah I guess it's my turn um
 

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hello hello yeah I guess it's my turn um
yeah<00:00:13.639><c> surprise</c><00:00:14.200><c> title</c><00:00:14.719><c> actually</c><00:00:14.960><c> I'm</c><00:00:15.080><c> going</c>

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yeah surprise title actually I'm going
 

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yeah surprise title actually I'm going
to<00:00:15.360><c> talk</c><00:00:15.519><c> about</c><00:00:15.719><c> solo</c><00:00:16.039><c> staking</c><00:00:16.400><c> the</c><00:00:16.520><c> Dark</c>

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to talk about solo staking the Dark
 

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to talk about solo staking the Dark
Forest<00:00:18.000><c> um</c><00:00:18.680><c> yeah</c><00:00:19.240><c> so</c><00:00:19.600><c> today</c><00:00:20.160><c> I'm</c><00:00:20.359><c> going</c><00:00:20.720><c> to</c>

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Forest um yeah so today I'm going to
 

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Forest um yeah so today I'm going to
demo<00:00:22.119><c> you</c><00:00:22.840><c> why</c><00:00:23.480><c> Dark</c><00:00:23.720><c> Forest</c><00:00:24.160><c> is</c><00:00:24.560><c> even</c><00:00:24.760><c> more</c>

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demo you why Dark Forest is even more
 

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demo you why Dark Forest is even more
dangerous<00:00:25.439><c> to</c><00:00:25.640><c> solo</c><00:00:26.039><c> stakers</c><00:00:27.039><c> with</c><00:00:27.439><c> an</c><00:00:27.679><c> attack</c>

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dangerous to solo stakers with an attack
 

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dangerous to solo stakers with an attack
that<00:00:28.400><c> strikes</c><00:00:28.840><c> at</c><00:00:28.960><c> the</c><00:00:29.160><c> heart</c><00:00:29.560><c> of</c><00:00:30.039><c> the</c>

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that strikes at the heart of the
 

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that strikes at the heart of the
ethereum<00:00:31.040><c> validation</c><00:00:32.040><c> so</c><00:00:32.439><c> together</c><00:00:32.960><c> actually</c>

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ethereum validation so together actually
 

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ethereum validation so together actually
we're<00:00:33.399><c> going</c><00:00:33.559><c> to</c><00:00:33.960><c> play</c><00:00:34.200><c> as</c><00:00:34.320><c> an</c><00:00:34.840><c> attacker</c><00:00:35.840><c> um</c>

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we're going to play as an attacker um
 

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we're going to play as an attacker um
and<00:00:36.719><c> we're</c><00:00:36.920><c> going</c><00:00:37.120><c> to</c><00:00:37.360><c> find</c><00:00:37.640><c> out</c><00:00:38.399><c> a</c><00:00:38.719><c> validator</c>

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and we're going to find out a validator
 

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and we're going to find out a validator
or<00:00:39.800><c> a</c><00:00:39.920><c> solo</c><00:00:40.239><c> Staker</c><00:00:41.239><c> that</c><00:00:42.000><c> um</c><00:00:42.360><c> actually</c><00:00:42.920><c> runs</c>

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or a solo Staker that um actually runs
 

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or a solo Staker that um actually runs
uh<00:00:43.640><c> uses</c><00:00:44.000><c> M</c><00:00:44.440><c> boost</c><00:00:45.440><c> and</c><00:00:46.160><c> um</c><00:00:46.559><c> which</c><00:00:46.680><c> is</c><00:00:46.840><c> next</c><00:00:47.000><c> to</c>

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uh uses M boost and um which is next to
 

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uh uses M boost and um which is next to
their<00:00:47.320><c> consensus</c><00:00:48.120><c> client</c><00:00:49.120><c> um</c><00:00:49.520><c> in</c><00:00:49.640><c> order</c><00:00:49.840><c> to</c>

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their consensus client um in order to
 

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their consensus client um in order to
find<00:00:50.640><c> them</c><00:00:51.640><c> uh</c><00:00:52.320><c> we</c><00:00:52.559><c> actually</c><00:00:53.199><c> yeah</c><00:00:53.399><c> going</c><00:00:53.520><c> to</c>

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find them uh we actually yeah going to
 

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find them uh we actually yeah going to
do<00:00:53.760><c> the</c><00:00:53.960><c> exercise</c><00:00:54.520><c> together</c><00:00:55.120><c> but</c><00:00:55.320><c> once</c><00:00:55.559><c> we</c>

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do the exercise together but once we
 

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do the exercise together but once we
find<00:00:56.039><c> them</c><00:00:56.520><c> what</c><00:00:56.640><c> we're</c><00:00:56.760><c> going</c><00:00:56.879><c> to</c><00:00:57.039><c> do</c><00:00:57.359><c> is</c>

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find them what we're going to do is
 

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find them what we're going to do is
we're<00:00:57.640><c> going</c><00:00:57.760><c> to</c><00:00:58.239><c> disrupt</c><00:00:58.719><c> the</c><00:00:58.879><c> block</c>

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we're going to disrupt the block
 

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we're going to disrupt the block
production<00:01:00.039><c> of</c><00:01:00.199><c> the</c><00:01:00.359><c> solo</c><00:01:00.640><c> Staker</c><00:01:01.559><c> and</c><00:01:01.719><c> stop</c>

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production of the solo Staker and stop
 

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production of the solo Staker and stop
their<00:01:02.399><c> rewards</c><00:01:03.399><c> and</c><00:01:04.040><c> manipulate</c><00:01:04.680><c> the</c><00:01:04.799><c> Randal</c>

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their rewards and manipulate the Randal
 

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their rewards and manipulate the Randal
value<00:01:05.600><c> which</c><00:01:05.720><c> is</c><00:01:05.960><c> responsible</c><00:01:06.600><c> for</c><00:01:07.320><c> assigning</c>

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value which is responsible for assigning
 

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value which is responsible for assigning
new<00:01:08.040><c> block</c><00:01:08.600><c> proposers</c><00:01:09.600><c> so</c><00:01:09.840><c> my</c><00:01:09.960><c> name</c><00:01:10.080><c> is</c><00:01:10.240><c> Q</c><00:01:10.799><c> I'm</c>

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new block proposers so my name is Q I'm
 

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new block proposers so my name is Q I'm
the<00:01:11.080><c> decentralized</c><00:01:11.680><c> technology</c><00:01:12.200><c> architect</c>

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the decentralized technology architect
 

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the decentralized technology architect
at<00:01:12.880><c> Hopper</c><00:01:13.840><c> at</c><00:01:14.000><c> Hopper</c><00:01:14.520><c> we</c><00:01:14.720><c> buil</c><00:01:15.240><c> privacy</c>

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at Hopper at Hopper we buil privacy
 

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at Hopper at Hopper we buil privacy
preserving

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preserving
 

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preserving
infrastructure<00:01:18.920><c> so</c><00:01:19.159><c> we'll</c><00:01:19.560><c> actually</c><00:01:19.920><c> use</c><00:01:20.320><c> a</c>

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infrastructure so we'll actually use a
 

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infrastructure so we'll actually use a
Sandbox<00:01:21.040><c> environment</c><00:01:21.520><c> for</c><00:01:21.759><c> Demo's</c><00:01:22.240><c> purpose</c>

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Sandbox environment for Demo's purpose
 

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Sandbox environment for Demo's purpose
but<00:01:23.159><c> there's</c><00:01:23.360><c> nothing</c><00:01:23.640><c> actually</c><00:01:23.960><c> preventing</c>

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but there's nothing actually preventing
 

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but there's nothing actually preventing
this<00:01:24.439><c> attack</c><00:01:24.960><c> happening</c><00:01:25.400><c> in</c><00:01:25.520><c> real</c><00:01:25.840><c> life</c><00:01:26.159><c> right</c>

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this attack happening in real life right
 

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this attack happening in real life right
now<00:01:27.280><c> um</c><00:01:27.720><c> our</c><00:01:28.200><c> sandbox</c><00:01:28.840><c> actually</c><00:01:29.240><c> has</c><00:01:29.520><c> three</c>

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now um our sandbox actually has three
 

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now um our sandbox actually has three
three<00:01:30.079><c> consensus</c><00:01:30.560><c> client</c><00:01:31.040><c> with</c><00:01:31.159><c> a</c><00:01:31.320><c> total</c><00:01:31.600><c> of</c>

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three consensus client with a total of
 

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three consensus client with a total of
192<00:01:32.799><c> validators</c><00:01:33.560><c> in</c><00:01:33.680><c> a</c><00:01:33.840><c> cortosis</c><00:01:34.439><c> network</c><00:01:35.439><c> um</c>

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192 validators in a cortosis network um
 

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192 validators in a cortosis network um
with<00:01:36.759><c> also</c><00:01:37.159><c> one</c><00:01:37.560><c> MV</c><00:01:38.240><c> relay</c><00:01:38.840><c> and</c><00:01:39.040><c> one</c><00:01:39.320><c> block</c>

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with also one MV relay and one block
 

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with also one MV relay and one block
Builders<00:01:40.720><c> um</c><00:01:40.920><c> for</c><00:01:41.159><c> now</c><00:01:41.399><c> those</c><00:01:41.560><c> validators</c><00:01:42.079><c> are</c>

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Builders um for now those validators are
 

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Builders um for now those validators are
just<00:01:42.600><c> you</c><00:01:42.680><c> know</c><00:01:42.880><c> a</c><00:01:43.079><c> list</c><00:01:43.280><c> of</c><00:01:43.479><c> anonymous</c><00:01:44.079><c> public</c>

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just you know a list of anonymous public
 

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just you know a list of anonymous public
keys<00:01:45.280><c> but</c><00:01:45.439><c> not</c><00:01:45.560><c> for</c><00:01:45.920><c> long</c><00:01:46.920><c> so</c><00:01:47.119><c> while</c><00:01:47.399><c> this</c><00:01:47.560><c> test</c>

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keys but not for long so while this test
 

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keys but not for long so while this test
has<00:01:47.960><c> been</c><00:01:48.320><c> running</c><00:01:49.320><c> um</c><00:01:49.799><c> Let</c><00:01:49.920><c> Me</c><00:01:50.119><c> Explain</c><00:01:50.600><c> how</c>

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has been running um Let Me Explain how
 

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has been running um Let Me Explain how
we<00:01:51.000><c> actually</c><00:01:51.399><c> conduct</c><00:01:52.240><c> conduct</c><00:01:52.600><c> this</c><00:01:52.799><c> attack</c>

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we actually conduct conduct this attack
 

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we actually conduct conduct this attack
so<00:01:54.000><c> first</c><00:01:54.320><c> we</c><00:01:54.520><c> actually</c><00:01:54.840><c> need</c><00:01:55.040><c> to</c><00:01:55.320><c> deize</c>

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so first we actually need to deize
 

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so first we actually need to deize
validators<00:01:57.680><c> um</c><00:01:58.399><c> to</c><00:01:58.680><c> identify</c><00:01:59.119><c> our</c><00:01:59.320><c> Target</c><00:02:00.000><c> so</c>

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validators um to identify our Target so
 

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validators um to identify our Target so
to<00:02:00.799><c> validators</c><00:02:01.600><c> actually</c><00:02:02.079><c> they</c><00:02:02.200><c> need</c><00:02:02.320><c> to</c>

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to validators actually they need to
 

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to validators actually they need to
attest<00:02:02.880><c> block</c><00:02:03.159><c> Productions</c><00:02:04.039><c> and</c><00:02:04.280><c> those</c>

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attest block Productions and those
 

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attest block Productions and those
attestations<00:02:05.399><c> are</c><00:02:05.560><c> propagated</c><00:02:06.000><c> into</c><00:02:06.159><c> the</c>

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attestations are propagated into the
 

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attestations are propagated into the
pure<00:02:06.399><c> to</c><00:02:06.680><c> network</c><00:02:07.039><c> in</c><00:02:07.240><c> Gossip</c><00:02:07.640><c> up</c><00:02:08.479><c> uh</c><00:02:08.640><c> we</c><00:02:08.840><c> can</c>

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pure to network in Gossip up uh we can
 

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pure to network in Gossip up uh we can
actually<00:02:09.479><c> just</c><00:02:09.800><c> silently</c><00:02:10.800><c> observe</c><00:02:11.800><c> those</c>

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actually just silently observe those
 

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actually just silently observe those
attestations<00:02:12.920><c> to</c><00:02:13.200><c> create</c><00:02:13.680><c> a</c><00:02:13.920><c> probalistic</c><00:02:14.360><c> uh</c>

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attestations to create a probalistic uh
 

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attestations to create a probalistic uh
collect<00:02:16.160><c> like</c><00:02:16.280><c> correlation</c><00:02:16.959><c> between</c><00:02:17.239><c> the</c>

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collect like correlation between the
 

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collect like correlation between the
validators<00:02:18.000><c> public</c><00:02:18.280><c> key</c><00:02:18.680><c> to</c><00:02:18.840><c> the</c><00:02:19.000><c> IP</c><00:02:19.280><c> address</c>

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validators public key to the IP address
 

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validators public key to the IP address
of<00:02:19.920><c> the</c><00:02:20.120><c> consensus</c><00:02:20.519><c> layer</c>

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of the consensus layer
 

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of the consensus layer
client<00:02:22.440><c> and</c><00:02:23.120><c> we</c><00:02:23.560><c> actually</c><00:02:24.560><c> have</c><00:02:24.879><c> this</c><00:02:25.319><c> oh</c><00:02:25.519><c> the</c>

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client and we actually have this oh the
 

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client and we actually have this oh the
test<00:02:25.959><c> is</c><00:02:26.120><c> actually</c><00:02:26.319><c> been</c><00:02:26.519><c> running</c><00:02:27.000><c> we</c><00:02:27.200><c> just</c>

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test is actually been running we just
 

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test is actually been running we just
let<00:02:27.640><c> it</c><00:02:27.800><c> run</c><00:02:28.000><c> for</c><00:02:28.160><c> a</c><00:02:28.280><c> little</c><00:02:28.519><c> while</c><00:02:29.040><c> block</c><00:02:29.360><c> has</c>

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let it run for a little while block has
 

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let it run for a little while block has
been<00:02:30.040><c> proposed</c><00:02:31.040><c> just</c><00:02:31.239><c> leave</c><00:02:31.440><c> it</c><00:02:31.640><c> there</c><00:02:32.040><c> so</c><00:02:32.280><c> now</c>

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been proposed just leave it there so now
 

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been proposed just leave it there so now
is<00:02:32.519><c> the</c><00:02:32.680><c> moment</c><00:02:32.920><c> to</c><00:02:33.120><c> actually</c><00:02:33.400><c> explain</c><00:02:33.920><c> the</c>

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is the moment to actually explain the
 

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is the moment to actually explain the
other<00:02:34.400><c> information</c><00:02:34.959><c> that</c><00:02:35.120><c> we</c><00:02:35.280><c> need</c><00:02:36.000><c> to</c>

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other information that we need to
 

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other information that we need to
conduct<00:02:36.680><c> this</c><00:02:36.879><c> attack</c><00:02:37.400><c> we</c><00:02:37.560><c> actually</c><00:02:37.720><c> needed</c><00:02:38.160><c> a</c>

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conduct this attack we actually needed a
 

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conduct this attack we actually needed a
little<00:02:38.440><c> bit</c><00:02:38.760><c> help</c><00:02:39.200><c> from</c><00:02:39.560><c> The</c><00:02:40.120><c> Trusted</c><00:02:40.879><c> MAV</c>

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little bit help from The Trusted MAV
 

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little bit help from The Trusted MAV
relay<00:02:43.120><c> um</c><00:02:43.560><c> maybe</c><00:02:43.840><c> we're</c><00:02:44.159><c> just</c><00:02:44.560><c> observing</c><00:02:45.120><c> the</c>

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relay um maybe we're just observing the
 

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relay um maybe we're just observing the
math<00:02:46.080><c> or</c><00:02:46.720><c> we</c><00:02:46.879><c> are</c><00:02:47.480><c> just</c><00:02:48.040><c> uh</c><00:02:48.200><c> you</c><00:02:48.319><c> know</c>

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math or we are just uh you know
 

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math or we are just uh you know
colluding<00:02:48.959><c> with</c><00:02:49.080><c> the</c><00:02:49.239><c> MAV</c><00:02:49.480><c> relay</c><00:02:50.080><c> or</c><00:02:50.280><c> we</c><00:02:50.480><c> just</c>

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colluding with the MAV relay or we just
 

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colluding with the MAV relay or we just
the<00:02:50.800><c> relay</c><00:02:51.120><c> ourselves</c><00:02:51.760><c> right</c><00:02:52.760><c> um</c><00:02:53.280><c> map</c><00:02:53.599><c> boost</c>

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the relay ourselves right um map boost
 

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the relay ourselves right um map boost
users<00:02:54.319><c> actually</c><00:02:54.720><c> need</c><00:02:54.879><c> to</c><00:02:55.200><c> trust</c><00:02:55.680><c> the</c><00:02:55.840><c> relay</c>

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users actually need to trust the relay
 

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users actually need to trust the relay
to<00:02:56.640><c> deliver</c><00:02:57.640><c> uh</c><00:02:58.159><c> well</c><00:02:58.319><c> basically</c><00:02:58.599><c> trust</c><00:02:58.840><c> them</c>

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to deliver uh well basically trust them
 

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to deliver uh well basically trust them
on<00:02:59.200><c> delivering</c><00:02:59.879><c> correct</c><00:03:00.400><c> content</c><00:03:01.239><c> of</c><00:03:01.440><c> the</c>

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on delivering correct content of the
 

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on delivering correct content of the
block<00:03:02.400><c> on</c><00:03:02.720><c> time</c><00:03:03.799><c> however</c><00:03:04.799><c> they</c><00:03:04.920><c> need</c><00:03:05.080><c> to</c><00:03:05.319><c> trust</c>

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block on time however they need to trust
 

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block on time however they need to trust
more<00:03:06.280><c> than</c><00:03:06.799><c> that</c><00:03:07.799><c> so</c><00:03:08.440><c> that's</c><00:03:08.599><c> the</c><00:03:08.720><c> moment</c><00:03:09.000><c> we</c>

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more than that so that's the moment we
 

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more than that so that's the moment we
look<00:03:09.360><c> into</c><00:03:09.599><c> the</c><00:03:09.760><c> database</c><00:03:10.239><c> of</c><00:03:10.360><c> the</c><00:03:10.519><c> relay</c><00:03:11.120><c> and</c>

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look into the database of the relay and
 

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look into the database of the relay and
look<00:03:11.480><c> at</c><00:03:11.799><c> one</c><00:03:11.959><c> of</c><00:03:12.120><c> the</c><00:03:12.280><c> new</c><00:03:12.799><c> uh</c><00:03:12.959><c> data</c><00:03:13.319><c> table</c>

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look at one of the new uh data table
 

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look at one of the new uh data table
that<00:03:13.760><c> we</c><00:03:13.920><c> created</c><00:03:14.400><c> which</c><00:03:14.519><c> is</c><00:03:14.640><c> called</c><00:03:15.280><c> metadata</c>

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that we created which is called metadata
 

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that we created which is called metadata
here<00:03:16.680><c> we</c><00:03:16.920><c> collect</c><00:03:17.680><c> all</c><00:03:17.920><c> the</c><00:03:18.080><c> metadata</c><00:03:18.720><c> of</c><00:03:18.959><c> each</c>

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here we collect all the metadata of each
 

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here we collect all the metadata of each
htpp<00:03:19.920><c> request</c><00:03:20.840><c> that</c><00:03:21.480><c> uh</c><00:03:21.599><c> from</c><00:03:21.840><c> connected</c>

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htpp request that uh from connected
 

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htpp request that uh from connected
validators<00:03:22.920><c> and</c><00:03:23.040><c> block</c><00:03:23.280><c> Builders</c><00:03:24.040><c> so</c><00:03:24.319><c> it</c>

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validators and block Builders so it
 

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validators and block Builders so it
actually<00:03:24.840><c> gives</c><00:03:25.040><c> us</c><00:03:25.239><c> a</c><00:03:25.519><c> strong</c><00:03:25.720><c> link</c><00:03:26.159><c> between</c>

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actually gives us a strong link between
 

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actually gives us a strong link between
the<00:03:27.000><c> validator</c><00:03:27.519><c> public</c><00:03:27.840><c> key</c><00:03:28.120><c> to</c><00:03:28.319><c> the</c><00:03:28.439><c> MF</c><00:03:28.720><c> boost</c>

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the validator public key to the MF boost
 

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the validator public key to the MF boost
IP<00:03:29.400><c> address</c><00:03:29.959><c> which</c><00:03:30.120><c> sits</c><00:03:30.560><c> right</c><00:03:30.799><c> next</c><00:03:31.040><c> to</c><00:03:31.280><c> the</c>

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IP address which sits right next to the
 

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IP address which sits right next to the
consensus<00:03:31.879><c> layer</c><00:03:32.480><c> client</c><00:03:33.480><c> and</c><00:03:33.799><c> this</c><00:03:33.920><c> is</c><00:03:34.159><c> just</c>

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consensus layer client and this is just
 

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consensus layer client and this is just
because<00:03:34.879><c> validators</c><00:03:35.640><c> are</c><00:03:36.599><c> uh</c><00:03:36.959><c> they</c><00:03:37.200><c> have</c><00:03:37.400><c> to</c>

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because validators are uh they have to
 

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because validators are uh they have to
they<00:03:37.840><c> must</c><00:03:38.519><c> uh</c><00:03:38.680><c> register</c><00:03:39.120><c> with</c><00:03:39.360><c> every</c><00:03:39.640><c> relay</c>

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they must uh register with every relay
 

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they must uh register with every relay
that's<00:03:40.360><c> connected</c><00:03:40.720><c> to</c><00:03:41.599><c> okay</c><00:03:41.840><c> here</c><00:03:42.760><c> now</c><00:03:43.000><c> we</c>

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that's connected to okay here now we
 

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that's connected to okay here now we
have<00:03:43.640><c> the</c><00:03:43.840><c> exercise</c><00:03:44.400><c> going</c><00:03:44.640><c> on</c><00:03:45.439><c> um</c><00:03:45.920><c> as</c><00:03:46.040><c> an</c>

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have the exercise going on um as an
 

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have the exercise going on um as an
attacker<00:03:46.920><c> we</c><00:03:47.080><c> just</c><00:03:47.360><c> have</c><00:03:47.680><c> a</c><00:03:47.879><c> dashboard</c><00:03:48.480><c> with</c>

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attacker we just have a dashboard with
 

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attacker we just have a dashboard with
all<00:03:48.799><c> the</c><00:03:48.959><c> information</c><00:03:49.400><c> we</c><00:03:49.560><c> need</c><00:03:50.200><c> right</c><00:03:50.439><c> here</c>

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all the information we need right here
 

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all the information we need right here
is<00:03:51.040><c> the</c><00:03:51.760><c> attestation</c><00:03:52.760><c> that</c><00:03:52.920><c> we</c><00:03:53.120><c> have</c><00:03:53.400><c> with</c><00:03:53.599><c> the</c>

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is the attestation that we have with the
 

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is the attestation that we have with the
occurrence<00:03:54.280><c> of</c><00:03:54.439><c> the</c><00:03:54.599><c> attestation</c><00:03:55.079><c> that</c><00:03:55.200><c> we</c>

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occurrence of the attestation that we
 

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occurrence of the attestation that we
accumulate<00:03:56.640><c> with</c><00:03:57.040><c> like</c><00:03:57.439><c> the</c><00:03:57.560><c> more</c>

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accumulate with like the more
 

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accumulate with like the more
attestation<00:03:58.439><c> we</c><00:03:58.680><c> have</c><00:03:58.959><c> the</c><00:03:59.159><c> stronger</c><00:03:59.400><c> link</c><00:03:59.840><c> we</c>

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attestation we have the stronger link we
 

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attestation we have the stronger link we
actually<00:04:00.480><c> built</c><00:04:00.959><c> between</c><00:04:01.400><c> the</c><00:04:01.599><c> public</c><00:04:01.920><c> key</c><00:04:02.560><c> of</c>

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actually built between the public key of
 

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actually built between the public key of
the<00:04:03.360><c> public</c><00:04:03.959><c> uh</c><00:04:04.360><c> of</c><00:04:04.560><c> the</c><00:04:05.319><c> uh</c><00:04:05.519><c> Pi</c><00:04:05.799><c> IDs</c><00:04:06.519><c> and</c><00:04:06.680><c> then</c>

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the public uh of the uh Pi IDs and then
 

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the public uh of the uh Pi IDs and then
we<00:04:07.120><c> know</c><00:04:07.480><c> the</c><00:04:08.360><c> uh</c><00:04:09.360><c> the</c><00:04:09.599><c> IP</c><00:04:09.879><c> address</c><00:04:10.200><c> from</c><00:04:10.439><c> the</c><00:04:10.560><c> P</c>

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we know the uh the IP address from the P
 

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we know the uh the IP address from the P
ID<00:04:11.400><c> pretty</c><00:04:11.640><c> easily</c><00:04:12.280><c> and</c><00:04:12.400><c> then</c><00:04:12.599><c> plug</c><00:04:12.959><c> the</c>

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ID pretty easily and then plug the
 

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ID pretty easily and then plug the
information<00:04:13.760><c> of</c><00:04:14.040><c> the</c><00:04:14.360><c> MAV</c><00:04:14.640><c> boost</c><00:04:14.959><c> id</c><00:04:15.840><c> M</c><00:04:16.120><c> boost</c>

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information of the MAV boost id M boost
 

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information of the MAV boost id M boost
IP<00:04:17.160><c> address</c><00:04:17.440><c> on</c><00:04:17.600><c> top</c><00:04:17.759><c> of</c>

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IP address on top of
 

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IP address on top of
that<00:04:19.600><c> um</c><00:04:19.840><c> and</c><00:04:20.079><c> next</c><00:04:20.359><c> question</c><00:04:20.840><c> is</c><00:04:21.079><c> who</c><00:04:21.280><c> to</c>

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that um and next question is who to
 

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that um and next question is who to
attack<00:04:22.440><c> so</c><00:04:22.880><c> here</c><00:04:23.160><c> we</c><00:04:23.440><c> actually</c><00:04:24.080><c> just</c><00:04:24.720><c> pick</c><00:04:25.320><c> uh</c>

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attack so here we actually just pick uh
 

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attack so here we actually just pick uh
slot<00:04:25.800><c> 246</c><00:04:26.600><c> and</c><00:04:26.880><c> 247</c><00:04:27.880><c> but</c><00:04:28.080><c> we</c><00:04:28.280><c> actually</c><00:04:28.520><c> have</c><00:04:28.759><c> a</c>

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slot 246 and 247 but we actually have a
 

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slot 246 and 247 but we actually have a
wider<00:04:29.199><c> choice</c><00:04:29.759><c> because</c><00:04:30.520><c> uh</c><00:04:30.840><c> validators</c><00:04:31.600><c> they</c>

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wider choice because uh validators they
 

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wider choice because uh validators they
are<00:04:32.199><c> like</c><00:04:32.320><c> the</c><00:04:32.479><c> proposers</c><00:04:33.000><c> are</c><00:04:33.199><c> announced</c><00:04:33.680><c> two</c>

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are like the proposers are announced two
 

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are like the proposers are announced two
Epoch<00:04:34.320><c> ahead</c><00:04:34.520><c> of</c><00:04:34.720><c> time</c><00:04:35.520><c> right</c><00:04:36.360><c> um</c><00:04:36.759><c> to</c><00:04:36.919><c> launch</c>

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Epoch ahead of time right um to launch
 

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Epoch ahead of time right um to launch
this<00:04:37.440><c> attack</c><00:04:38.120><c> we</c><00:04:38.360><c> use</c><00:04:38.800><c> traditional</c><00:04:39.720><c> uh</c><00:04:39.840><c> Doos</c>

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this attack we use traditional uh Doos
 

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this attack we use traditional uh Doos
technique<00:04:41.039><c> uh</c><00:04:41.240><c> introducing</c><00:04:42.000><c> the</c><00:04:42.199><c> IC</c><00:04:42.639><c> flood</c>

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technique uh introducing the IC flood
 

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technique uh introducing the IC flood
and<00:04:43.039><c> S</c><00:04:43.280><c> flood</c><00:04:43.919><c> but</c><00:04:44.080><c> just</c><00:04:44.199><c> to</c><00:04:44.360><c> make</c><00:04:44.520><c> our</c><00:04:44.759><c> attch</c><00:04:45.039><c> a</c>

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and S flood but just to make our attch a
 

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and S flood but just to make our attch a
bit<00:04:45.360><c> more</c><00:04:45.680><c> clear</c><00:04:46.520><c> um</c><00:04:46.759><c> we</c><00:04:47.000><c> actually</c><00:04:47.440><c> use</c><00:04:47.960><c> a</c><00:04:48.560><c> um</c>

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bit more clear um we actually use a um
 

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bit more clear um we actually use a um
math<00:04:49.919><c> we</c><00:04:50.039><c> use</c><00:04:50.320><c> a</c><00:04:50.639><c> memory</c><00:04:51.120><c> stress</c><00:04:51.479><c> test</c><00:04:51.840><c> just</c>

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math we use a memory stress test just
 

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math we use a memory stress test just
directly<00:04:52.440><c> on</c><00:04:52.800><c> this</c><00:04:53.360><c> uh</c><00:04:53.479><c> instance</c><00:04:54.440><c> to</c><00:04:54.759><c> obtain</c>

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directly on this uh instance to obtain
 

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directly on this uh instance to obtain
the<00:04:55.160><c> same</c><00:04:55.680><c> result</c><00:04:56.680><c> and</c><00:04:56.960><c> here</c><00:04:57.160><c> we</c><00:04:57.320><c> can</c><00:04:57.520><c> see</c><00:04:57.880><c> that</c>

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the same result and here we can see that
 

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the same result and here we can see that
block<00:04:58.639><c> 2</c><00:04:58.840><c> for6</c><00:04:59.199><c> and</c><00:04:59.360><c> 2</c><00:04:59.479><c> for</c><00:04:59.840><c> 7</c><00:05:00.080><c> they</c><00:05:00.160><c> are</c>

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block 2 for6 and 2 for 7 they are
 

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block 2 for6 and 2 for 7 they are
skipped<00:05:01.320><c> and</c><00:05:01.440><c> now</c><00:05:01.600><c> it's</c><00:05:01.800><c> time</c><00:05:02.000><c> to</c><00:05:02.199><c> check</c><00:05:02.400><c> the</c>

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skipped and now it's time to check the
 

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skipped and now it's time to check the
rent<00:05:02.800><c> out</c><00:05:03.039><c> value</c><00:05:03.560><c> of</c><00:05:03.759><c> the</c><00:05:03.919><c> slot</c><00:05:04.320><c> 246</c><00:05:04.880><c> and</c><00:05:05.440><c> 247</c>

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rent out value of the slot 246 and 247
 

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rent out value of the slot 246 and 247
they're<00:05:06.680><c> actually</c><00:05:06.960><c> the</c><00:05:07.080><c> same</c><00:05:07.600><c> so</c>

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they're actually the same so
 

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they're actually the same so
congratulations<00:05:09.680><c> fellow</c><00:05:10.680><c> attackers</c><00:05:11.280><c> we</c>

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congratulations fellow attackers we
 

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congratulations fellow attackers we
managed<00:05:11.840><c> to</c><00:05:12.840><c> uh</c><00:05:12.919><c> stop</c><00:05:13.199><c> the</c><00:05:13.320><c> block</c><00:05:13.680><c> production</c>

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managed to uh stop the block production
 

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managed to uh stop the block production
and<00:05:14.360><c> also</c><00:05:14.600><c> control</c><00:05:14.960><c> the</c><00:05:15.120><c> vend</c><00:05:15.720><c> rendal</c>

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and also control the vend rendal
 

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and also control the vend rendal
value<00:05:18.240><c> um</c>

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yep<00:05:24.960><c> so</c><00:05:25.479><c> if</c><00:05:25.720><c> I</c><00:05:26.039><c> can</c><00:05:27.039><c> skip</c><00:05:27.360><c> to</c><00:05:27.479><c> the</c><00:05:27.639><c> last</c><00:05:28.160><c> slide</c>

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yep so if I can skip to the last slide
 

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yep so if I can skip to the last slide
um<00:05:30.120><c> yeah</c><00:05:30.639><c> so</c><00:05:31.319><c> here</c><00:05:31.520><c> we</c><00:05:31.720><c> just</c><00:05:31.880><c> demo</c><00:05:32.440><c> the</c><00:05:32.639><c> attack</c>

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um yeah so here we just demo the attack
 

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um yeah so here we just demo the attack
as<00:05:33.319><c> an</c><00:05:33.520><c> attacker</c><00:05:33.919><c> gim</c><00:05:34.880><c> um</c><00:05:35.160><c> I</c><00:05:35.319><c> welcome</c>

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as an attacker gim um I welcome
 

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as an attacker gim um I welcome
everybody<00:05:36.600><c> uh</c><00:05:36.720><c> who</c><00:05:36.840><c> are</c><00:05:37.000><c> interested</c><00:05:37.400><c> in</c><00:05:37.520><c> this</c>

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everybody uh who are interested in this
 

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everybody uh who are interested in this
topic<00:05:38.080><c> to</c><00:05:38.199><c> further</c><00:05:38.520><c> discussion</c><00:05:39.319><c> discuss</c><00:05:39.639><c> the</c>

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topic to further discussion discuss the
 

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topic to further discussion discuss the
implication<00:05:40.720><c> and</c><00:05:41.240><c> improvements</c><00:05:42.160><c> on</c><00:05:42.400><c> how</c><00:05:42.560><c> to</c>

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implication and improvements on how to
 

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implication and improvements on how to
avoid<00:05:43.199><c> this</c><00:05:43.400><c> attack</c><00:05:44.199><c> uh</c><00:05:44.319><c> we're</c><00:05:44.520><c> going</c><00:05:44.720><c> to</c><00:05:45.000><c> have</c>

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avoid this attack uh we're going to have
 

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avoid this attack uh we're going to have
a<00:05:45.440><c> report</c><00:05:45.880><c> releas</c><00:05:46.280><c> soon</c><00:05:46.680><c> on</c><00:05:46.880><c> The</c><00:05:47.039><c> Ether</c><00:05:47.479><c> Church</c>

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a report releas soon on The Ether Church
 

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a report releas soon on The Ether Church
Forum<00:05:48.960><c> as</c><00:05:49.120><c> well</c><00:05:49.400><c> as</c><00:05:49.759><c> a</c><00:05:50.000><c> discussion</c><00:05:50.520><c> that's</c>

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Forum as well as a discussion that's
 

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Forum as well as a discussion that's
going<00:05:50.800><c> to</c><00:05:50.960><c> be</c><00:05:51.120><c> held</c><00:05:51.880><c> at</c><00:05:52.120><c> 1:30</c><00:05:52.720><c> later</c><00:05:53.160><c> at</c><00:05:53.319><c> the</c>

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going to be held at 1:30 later at the
 

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going to be held at 1:30 later at the
blue<00:05:53.720><c> discussion</c><00:05:54.280><c> Corner</c><00:05:55.280><c> um</c><00:05:55.639><c> to</c><00:05:56.039><c> close</c><00:05:56.520><c> my</c>

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blue discussion Corner um to close my
 

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blue discussion Corner um to close my
talk<00:05:57.319><c> I</c><00:05:57.400><c> would</c><00:05:57.560><c> like</c><00:05:57.680><c> to</c><00:05:57.840><c> give</c><00:05:58.000><c> a</c><00:05:58.160><c> heart</c><00:05:58.759><c> thank</c>

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talk I would like to give a heart thank
 

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talk I would like to give a heart thank
you<00:05:59.120><c> to</c><00:05:59.319><c> eum</c><00:05:59.960><c> Foundation</c><00:06:00.960><c> um</c><00:06:01.400><c> that</c><00:06:01.560><c> gave</c><00:06:01.720><c> us</c><00:06:01.840><c> a</c>

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you to eum Foundation um that gave us a
 

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you to eum Foundation um that gave us a
grant<00:06:02.240><c> to</c><00:06:02.400><c> conduct</c><00:06:02.720><c> This</c><00:06:02.960><c> research</c><00:06:03.680><c> thank</c><00:06:03.800><c> you</c>

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grant to conduct This research thank you
 

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grant to conduct This research thank you
very<00:06:04.039><c> much</c>

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okay<00:06:07.800><c> thank</c><00:06:07.960><c> you</c><00:06:08.080><c> very</c><00:06:08.240><c> much</c><00:06:08.479><c> q</c><00:06:08.720><c> and</c><00:06:08.880><c> sorry</c><00:06:09.120><c> for</c>

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okay thank you very much q and sorry for
 

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okay thank you very much q and sorry for
missing<00:06:09.520><c> your</c><00:06:09.800><c> name</c><00:06:10.800><c> now</c><00:06:11.199><c> are</c><00:06:11.400><c> there</c><00:06:11.560><c> any</c>

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questions<00:06:18.479><c> come</c><00:06:18.599><c> on</c>

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the<00:06:24.160><c> so</c><00:06:24.560><c> just</c><00:06:24.639><c> to</c><00:06:24.840><c> clarify</c><00:06:25.240><c> so</c><00:06:25.840><c> we</c><00:06:25.960><c> were</c><00:06:26.160><c> able</c>

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the so just to clarify so we were able
 

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the so just to clarify so we were able
to<00:06:26.599><c> skip</c><00:06:26.880><c> the</c><00:06:27.039><c> solo</c><00:06:27.400><c> scker</c><00:06:27.800><c> slot</c><00:06:28.280><c> here</c><00:06:28.720><c> is</c><00:06:28.880><c> that</c>

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to skip the solo scker slot here is that
 

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to skip the solo scker slot here is that
the<00:06:29.240><c> attack</c><00:06:29.599><c> or</c><00:06:29.919><c> was</c><00:06:30.039><c> it</c><00:06:30.160><c> just</c><00:06:30.280><c> the</c><00:06:30.400><c> Rand</c><00:06:30.680><c> down</c>

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the attack or was it just the Rand down
 

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the attack or was it just the Rand down
manipulation<00:06:31.960><c> so</c><00:06:32.160><c> we</c><00:06:32.400><c> actually</c><00:06:32.720><c> managed</c><00:06:33.160><c> to</c>

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manipulation so we actually managed to
 

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manipulation so we actually managed to
make<00:06:34.120><c> the</c><00:06:34.240><c> solo</c><00:06:34.599><c> Staker</c><00:06:35.080><c> not</c><00:06:35.240><c> being</c><00:06:35.479><c> able</c><00:06:35.680><c> to</c>

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make the solo Staker not being able to
 

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make the solo Staker not being able to
propose<00:06:36.360><c> at</c><00:06:36.599><c> the</c><00:06:36.960><c> slot</c><00:06:37.280><c> that</c><00:06:37.400><c> they</c><00:06:37.479><c> were</c><00:06:37.680><c> given</c>

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propose at the slot that they were given
 

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propose at the slot that they were given
yes<00:06:39.080><c> so</c><00:06:39.759><c> by</c><00:06:39.960><c> doing</c><00:06:40.840><c> by</c><00:06:41.000><c> doing</c><00:06:41.240><c> so</c><00:06:41.639><c> we</c>

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yes so by doing by doing so we
 

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yes so by doing by doing so we
interactive<00:06:42.880><c> actually</c><00:06:43.360><c> manipulate</c><00:06:43.840><c> the</c>

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interactive actually manipulate the
 

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interactive actually manipulate the
Randal<00:06:44.880><c> yeah</c>

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Randal yeah
 

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Randal yeah
yeah<00:06:47.520><c> and</c><00:06:47.759><c> like</c><00:06:47.919><c> is</c><00:06:48.000><c> there</c><00:06:48.240><c> any</c><00:06:48.759><c> what</c><00:06:48.840><c> do</c><00:06:49.000><c> you</c>

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yeah and like is there any what do you
 

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yeah and like is there any what do you
think<00:06:49.240><c> are</c><00:06:49.400><c> the</c><00:06:49.560><c> financial</c><00:06:50.039><c> implications</c><00:06:50.720><c> of</c>

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think are the financial implications of
 

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think are the financial implications of
this<00:06:51.280><c> should</c><00:06:51.599><c> should</c><00:06:51.919><c> a</c><00:06:52.080><c> big</c><00:06:52.360><c> staking</c><00:06:52.720><c> pools</c>

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this should should a big staking pools
 

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this should should a big staking pools
be<00:06:53.160><c> doing</c><00:06:53.400><c> this</c><00:06:53.599><c> to</c><00:06:53.759><c> maximize</c><00:06:54.199><c> their</c><00:06:54.360><c> rewards</c>

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be doing this to maximize their rewards
 

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be doing this to maximize their rewards
actually<00:06:55.280><c> good</c><00:06:55.440><c> question</c><00:06:55.919><c> because</c><00:06:56.680><c> uh</c><00:06:56.800><c> there</c>

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actually good question because uh there
 

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actually good question because uh there
was<00:06:57.160><c> one</c><00:06:57.360><c> of</c><00:06:57.560><c> the</c><00:06:57.840><c> further</c><00:06:58.199><c> discussion</c><00:06:58.599><c> that</c>

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was one of the further discussion that
 

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was one of the further discussion that
we<00:06:58.879><c> had</c><00:06:59.120><c> around</c><00:06:59.360><c> this</c><00:06:59.680><c> experiment</c><00:07:00.120><c> is</c><00:07:00.319><c> that</c><00:07:01.080><c> uh</c>

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we had around this experiment is that uh
 

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we had around this experiment is that uh
we<00:07:01.400><c> believe</c><00:07:01.720><c> that</c><00:07:02.000><c> the</c><00:07:02.280><c> current</c><00:07:03.199><c> uh</c>

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we believe that the current uh
 

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we believe that the current uh
definition<00:07:03.960><c> of</c><00:07:04.440><c> me</c><00:07:05.360><c> which</c><00:07:05.520><c> is</c><00:07:05.639><c> the</c><00:07:05.800><c> single</c><00:07:06.400><c> we</c>

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definition of me which is the single we
 

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definition of me which is the single we
always<00:07:06.840><c> look</c><00:07:07.039><c> at</c><00:07:07.240><c> just</c><00:07:07.599><c> one</c><00:07:08.280><c> Whatever</c>

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always look at just one Whatever
 

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always look at just one Whatever
transaction<00:07:09.240><c> that's</c><00:07:09.479><c> been</c><00:07:09.720><c> included</c><00:07:10.199><c> into</c>

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transaction that's been included into
 

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transaction that's been included into
one<00:07:10.680><c> block</c><00:07:11.680><c> um</c><00:07:12.080><c> this</c><00:07:12.240><c> narrow</c><00:07:12.520><c> definition</c>

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one block um this narrow definition
 

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one block um this narrow definition
which<00:07:13.039><c> is</c><00:07:13.199><c> also</c><00:07:13.520><c> the</c><00:07:13.680><c> definition</c><00:07:14.160><c> written</c><00:07:14.479><c> on</c>

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which is also the definition written on
 

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which is also the definition written on
the<00:07:14.720><c> E</c><00:07:14.800><c> theorem</c><00:07:15.199><c> like</c><00:07:15.319><c> the</c><00:07:15.479><c> page</c><00:07:15.840><c> of</c><00:07:16.039><c> etherum</c>

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the E theorem like the page of etherum
 

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the E theorem like the page of etherum
foundation<00:07:17.800><c> um</c><00:07:18.039><c> is</c><00:07:18.199><c> a</c><00:07:18.280><c> bit</c><00:07:18.400><c> too</c><00:07:18.560><c> narrow</c><00:07:19.520><c> so</c><00:07:19.879><c> by</c>

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foundation um is a bit too narrow so by
 

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foundation um is a bit too narrow so by
kicking<00:07:20.639><c> out</c><00:07:21.080><c> the</c><00:07:21.240><c> production</c><00:07:21.639><c> of</c><00:07:21.800><c> one</c><00:07:22.039><c> block</c>

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kicking out the production of one block
 

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kicking out the production of one block
we<00:07:22.960><c> can</c><00:07:23.240><c> effectively</c><00:07:24.039><c> have</c><00:07:24.240><c> this</c><00:07:24.479><c> skip</c><00:07:24.800><c> slot</c>

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we can effectively have this skip slot
 

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we can effectively have this skip slot
me<00:07:26.160><c> uh</c><00:07:26.280><c> just</c><00:07:26.440><c> an</c><00:07:26.639><c> example</c><00:07:27.080><c> like</c><00:07:27.440><c> some</c><00:07:28.160><c> uh</c><00:07:28.280><c> some</c>

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me uh just an example like some uh some
 

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me uh just an example like some uh some
people<00:07:28.639><c> who</c><00:07:28.759><c> want</c><00:07:28.960><c> like</c><00:07:29.120><c> to</c><00:07:29.599><c> have</c><00:07:29.759><c> this</c>

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people who want like to have this
 

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people who want like to have this
multiblock<00:07:30.479><c> me</c><00:07:30.879><c> right</c><00:07:31.319><c> this</c><00:07:31.400><c> is</c><00:07:31.560><c> one</c><00:07:31.680><c> of</c><00:07:31.840><c> the</c>

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multiblock me right this is one of the
 

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multiblock me right this is one of the
attack<00:07:32.479><c> of</c><00:07:32.879><c> having</c><00:07:33.160><c> that</c><00:07:33.919><c> uh</c><00:07:34.000><c> to</c><00:07:34.199><c> achieve</c><00:07:34.560><c> this</c>

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attack of having that uh to achieve this
 

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attack of having that uh to achieve this
um<00:07:35.759><c> multiblock</c><00:07:36.599><c> um</c><00:07:36.919><c> meth</c><00:07:37.919><c> and</c><00:07:38.639><c> um</c><00:07:39.240><c> also</c><00:07:39.840><c> it</c>

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um multiblock um meth and um also it
 

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um multiblock um meth and um also it
just<00:07:40.240><c> basically</c><00:07:41.240><c> um</c><00:07:41.599><c> it</c><00:07:41.879><c> also</c><00:07:42.120><c> creates</c><00:07:42.520><c> a</c>

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just basically um it also creates a
 

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just basically um it also creates a
threat<00:07:43.240><c> on</c><00:07:43.599><c> the</c><00:07:44.240><c> uh</c><00:07:44.360><c> resilience</c><00:07:44.800><c> of</c><00:07:44.919><c> the</c>

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threat on the uh resilience of the
 

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threat on the uh resilience of the
network<00:07:45.479><c> right</c><00:07:45.680><c> if</c><00:07:45.800><c> you</c><00:07:45.919><c> can</c><00:07:46.120><c> easily</c><00:07:46.520><c> identify</c>

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network right if you can easily identify
 

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network right if you can easily identify
a<00:07:47.479><c> block</c><00:07:47.759><c> proposer</c><00:07:48.240><c> and</c><00:07:48.360><c> then</c><00:07:48.479><c> just</c><00:07:48.599><c> kick</c><00:07:48.759><c> them</c>

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a block proposer and then just kick them
 

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a block proposer and then just kick them
out<00:07:49.440><c> at</c><00:07:49.599><c> the</c><00:07:49.720><c> place</c><00:07:49.919><c> where</c><00:07:50.159><c> supposed</c><00:07:50.400><c> to</c>

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out at the place where supposed to
 

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out at the place where supposed to
produce<00:07:50.840><c> a</c><00:07:50.960><c> block</c><00:07:51.479><c> then</c><00:07:51.639><c> doesn't</c><00:07:51.879><c> mean</c><00:07:52.159><c> that</c>

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produce a block then doesn't mean that
 

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produce a block then doesn't mean that
um<00:07:53.319><c> especially</c><00:07:53.639><c> for</c><00:07:53.759><c> solo</c><00:07:54.000><c> stakers</c><00:07:54.759><c> who</c><00:07:55.000><c> have</c>

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um especially for solo stakers who have
 

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um especially for solo stakers who have
very<00:07:55.639><c> poor</c><00:07:56.000><c> let's</c><00:07:56.199><c> say</c><00:07:56.479><c> who</c><00:07:56.639><c> doesn't</c><00:07:56.960><c> really</c>

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very poor let's say who doesn't really
 

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very poor let's say who doesn't really
have<00:07:57.800><c> a</c><00:07:58.400><c> access</c><00:07:58.720><c> to</c><00:07:59.240><c> Strong</c><00:07:59.639><c> Network</c>

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have a access to Strong Network
 

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have a access to Strong Network
protection<00:08:01.039><c> doesn't</c><00:08:01.280><c> mean</c><00:08:01.560><c> that</c><00:08:02.240><c> uh</c><00:08:02.440><c> those</c>

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protection doesn't mean that uh those
 

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protection doesn't mean that uh those
percentage<00:08:03.159><c> of</c><00:08:03.280><c> solo</c><00:08:03.560><c> stakers</c><00:08:03.960><c> of</c><00:08:04.159><c> ethereum</c>

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percentage of solo stakers of ethereum
 

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percentage of solo stakers of ethereum
network<00:08:05.240><c> they</c><00:08:05.360><c> are</c><00:08:05.639><c> at</c><00:08:06.159><c> risk</c>

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network they are at risk
 

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network they are at risk
yeah<00:08:09.759><c> last</c><00:08:10.039><c> question</c><00:08:10.400><c> please</c><00:08:11.120><c> um</c><00:08:11.400><c> how</c>

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yeah last question please um how
 

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yeah last question please um how
difficult<00:08:12.080><c> is</c><00:08:12.199><c> it</c><00:08:12.400><c> to</c><00:08:12.879><c> obtain</c><00:08:13.240><c> the</c><00:08:13.440><c> IP</c><00:08:13.800><c> address</c>

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difficult is it to obtain the IP address
 

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difficult is it to obtain the IP address
of<00:08:14.800><c> a</c><00:08:14.919><c> certain</c><00:08:15.240><c> valid</c><00:08:15.560><c> data</c><00:08:15.960><c> and</c><00:08:16.199><c> what</c><00:08:16.360><c> is</c><00:08:16.520><c> the</c>

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of a certain valid data and what is the
 

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of a certain valid data and what is the
role<00:08:17.120><c> of</c><00:08:17.440><c> MEF</c><00:08:17.759><c> boost</c><00:08:18.240><c> in</c><00:08:19.199><c> in</c><00:08:19.360><c> this</c><00:08:19.639><c> kind</c><00:08:19.800><c> of</c>

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role of MEF boost in in this kind of
 

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role of MEF boost in in this kind of
process<00:08:20.759><c> yeah</c><00:08:21.319><c> thanks</c><00:08:22.159><c> um</c><00:08:22.840><c> it</c><00:08:22.960><c> is</c><00:08:23.199><c> very</c><00:08:23.479><c> easy</c>

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process yeah thanks um it is very easy
 

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process yeah thanks um it is very easy
actually<00:08:24.520><c> right</c><00:08:24.680><c> now</c><00:08:24.879><c> you</c><00:08:24.960><c> can</c><00:08:25.120><c> just</c><00:08:25.280><c> modify</c><00:08:25.720><c> a</c>

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actually right now you can just modify a
 

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actually right now you can just modify a
little<00:08:26.120><c> bit</c><00:08:26.479><c> of</c><00:08:26.639><c> your</c><00:08:26.919><c> I</c><00:08:27.000><c> don't</c><00:08:27.120><c> know</c>

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little bit of your I don't know
 

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little bit of your I don't know
Lighthouse<00:08:27.720><c> client</c><00:08:28.360><c> then</c><00:08:28.520><c> you</c><00:08:28.639><c> can</c><00:08:28.840><c> collect</c>

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Lighthouse client then you can collect
 

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Lighthouse client then you can collect
them<00:08:29.720><c> uh</c><00:08:30.080><c> attestations</c><00:08:31.080><c> by</c><00:08:31.360><c> just</c><00:08:31.759><c> put</c><00:08:31.919><c> dumping</c>

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them uh attestations by just put dumping
 

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them uh attestations by just put dumping
them<00:08:32.360><c> into</c><00:08:32.519><c> a</c><00:08:32.680><c> database</c><00:08:33.399><c> very</c><00:08:33.599><c> simple</c><00:08:33.880><c> data</c>

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them into a database very simple data
 

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them into a database very simple data
analytic<00:08:34.880><c> analytics</c><00:08:35.399><c> and</c><00:08:35.519><c> then</c><00:08:35.640><c> you</c><00:08:35.719><c> can</c><00:08:35.880><c> have</c>

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analytic analytics and then you can have
 

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analytic analytics and then you can have
this<00:08:36.200><c> correlation</c><00:08:36.880><c> so</c><00:08:37.080><c> the</c><00:08:37.200><c> longer</c><00:08:37.519><c> you</c><00:08:37.680><c> run</c>

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this correlation so the longer you run
 

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this correlation so the longer you run
that<00:08:38.320><c> the</c><00:08:38.599><c> stronger</c><00:08:38.839><c> link</c><00:08:39.120><c> that</c><00:08:39.240><c> you</c><00:08:39.399><c> have</c><00:08:39.560><c> it</c>

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that the stronger link that you have it
 

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that the stronger link that you have it
uh<00:08:40.279><c> even</c><00:08:40.479><c> though</c><00:08:40.599><c> there's</c><00:08:40.919><c> some</c><00:08:41.320><c> technical</c>

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uh even though there's some technical
 

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uh even though there's some technical
details<00:08:42.120><c> about</c><00:08:42.360><c> how</c><00:08:42.479><c> we</c><00:08:42.760><c> actually</c><00:08:43.000><c> going</c><00:08:43.120><c> to</c>

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details about how we actually going to
 

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details about how we actually going to
tackle<00:08:43.959><c> the</c><00:08:44.279><c> aggregated</c><00:08:45.160><c> attestations</c><00:08:45.959><c> but</c>

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tackle the aggregated attestations but
 

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tackle the aggregated attestations but
yeah<00:08:46.440><c> you</c><00:08:46.560><c> know</c><00:08:46.959><c> you</c><00:08:47.080><c> got</c><00:08:47.200><c> to</c><00:08:47.320><c> figure</c><00:08:47.519><c> it</c><00:08:47.640><c> out</c>

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yeah you know you got to figure it out
 

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yeah you know you got to figure it out
and<00:08:48.360><c> we</c><00:08:48.480><c> also</c><00:08:48.680><c> know</c><00:08:48.880><c> the</c><00:08:49.080><c> pattern</c><00:08:50.080><c> um</c><00:08:50.320><c> of</c>

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and we also know the pattern um of
 

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and we also know the pattern um of
Gossip<00:08:50.959><c> up</c><00:08:51.279><c> so</c><00:08:51.480><c> combining</c><00:08:51.920><c> these</c><00:08:52.120><c> two</c><00:08:52.839><c> the</c><00:08:53.399><c> uh</c>

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Gossip up so combining these two the uh
 

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Gossip up so combining these two the uh
analytics<00:08:54.040><c> is</c><00:08:54.240><c> actually</c><00:08:54.560><c> pretty</c><00:08:55.120><c> accurate</c><00:08:56.120><c> um</c>

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analytics is actually pretty accurate um
 

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analytics is actually pretty accurate um
and<00:08:57.720><c> uh</c><00:08:58.079><c> the</c><00:08:58.240><c> role</c><00:08:58.680><c> of</c><00:08:59.000><c> the</c><00:08:59.640><c> MAV</c><00:08:59.920><c> relay</c><00:09:00.440><c> is</c><00:09:00.640><c> that</c>

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and uh the role of the MAV relay is that
 

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and uh the role of the MAV relay is that
because<00:09:01.279><c> solo</c><00:09:01.760><c> stakers</c><00:09:02.760><c> um</c><00:09:03.640><c> let's</c><00:09:03.800><c> say</c><00:09:03.959><c> they</c>

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because solo stakers um let's say they
 

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because solo stakers um let's say they
already<00:09:04.519><c> invest</c><00:09:05.120><c> into</c><00:09:06.320><c> Hardware</c><00:09:07.320><c> right</c><00:09:07.640><c> to</c>

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already invest into Hardware right to
 

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already invest into Hardware right to
and<00:09:08.440><c> also</c><00:09:08.760><c> put</c><00:09:09.000><c> into</c><00:09:09.240><c> some</c><00:09:09.480><c> Stak</c><00:09:10.200><c> to</c><00:09:10.440><c> run</c><00:09:11.040><c> their</c>

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and also put into some Stak to run their
 

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and also put into some Stak to run their
own<00:09:12.160><c> staking</c><00:09:12.600><c> setup</c><00:09:13.440><c> their</c><00:09:13.680><c> goal</c><00:09:14.120><c> is</c><00:09:14.600><c> one</c><00:09:14.800><c> of</c>

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own staking setup their goal is one of
 

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own staking setup their goal is one of
their<00:09:15.200><c> main</c><00:09:15.519><c> goal</c><00:09:15.800><c> is</c><00:09:16.000><c> to</c><00:09:16.240><c> make</c><00:09:16.399><c> sure</c><00:09:16.720><c> that</c>

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their main goal is to make sure that
 

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their main goal is to make sure that
they<00:09:17.120><c> have</c><00:09:17.480><c> economic</c><00:09:18.120><c> returns</c><00:09:18.959><c> and</c><00:09:19.680><c> very</c>

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they have economic returns and very
 

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they have economic returns and very
likely<00:09:20.320><c> they're</c><00:09:20.440><c> going</c><00:09:20.560><c> to</c><00:09:20.720><c> introduce</c>

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likely they're going to introduce
 

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likely they're going to introduce
whatever<00:09:21.880><c> that</c><00:09:22.040><c> help</c><00:09:22.240><c> them</c><00:09:22.360><c> to</c><00:09:22.480><c> build</c><00:09:22.720><c> the</c>

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whatever that help them to build the
 

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whatever that help them to build the
most<00:09:23.079><c> profitable</c><00:09:23.519><c> block</c><00:09:24.160><c> and</c><00:09:24.399><c> here</c><00:09:24.720><c> right</c><00:09:24.880><c> now</c>

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most profitable block and here right now
 

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most profitable block and here right now
we<00:09:25.240><c> have</c><00:09:25.760><c> thanks</c><00:09:25.959><c> to</c><00:09:26.079><c> your</c><00:09:26.240><c> research</c><00:09:26.600><c> Tony</c><00:09:27.120><c> is</c>

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we have thanks to your research Tony is
 

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we have thanks to your research Tony is
that<00:09:27.360><c> we</c><00:09:27.480><c> know</c><00:09:27.640><c> that</c><00:09:27.760><c> there's</c><00:09:27.959><c> more</c><00:09:28.120><c> than</c><00:09:28.360><c> 90%</c>

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that we know that there's more than 90%
 

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that we know that there's more than 90%
of<00:09:29.160><c> the</c><00:09:29.800><c> validators</c><00:09:30.440><c> they</c><00:09:30.560><c> are</c><00:09:30.839><c> using</c><00:09:31.640><c> a</c><00:09:31.800><c> MAV</c>

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of the validators they are using a MAV
 

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of the validators they are using a MAV
relay<00:09:32.959><c> um</c><00:09:33.160><c> or</c><00:09:33.360><c> like</c><00:09:33.560><c> M</c><00:09:33.800><c> boost</c><00:09:34.240><c> architecture</c>

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relay um or like M boost architecture
 

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relay um or like M boost architecture
and<00:09:35.200><c> relay</c><00:09:36.000><c> which</c><00:09:36.120><c> is</c><00:09:36.440><c> an</c><00:09:36.680><c> obvious</c><00:09:37.160><c> very</c>

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and relay which is an obvious very
 

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and relay which is an obvious very
obvious<00:09:37.800><c> single</c><00:09:38.399><c> point</c><00:09:38.600><c> of</c><00:09:38.800><c> failure</c><00:09:39.240><c> no</c><00:09:39.680><c> let's</c>

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obvious single point of failure no let's
 

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obvious single point of failure no let's
say<00:09:40.040><c> a</c><00:09:40.200><c> single</c><00:09:40.640><c> entity</c><00:09:41.240><c> like</c><00:09:41.399><c> a</c><00:09:41.519><c> central</c>

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say a single entity like a central
 

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say a single entity like a central
entity