WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:01.160 --> 00:00:06.690 align:start position:0%
 
[Music]

00:00:06.690 --> 00:00:06.700 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:00:06.700 --> 00:00:15.509 align:start position:0%
 
[Music]

00:00:15.509 --> 00:00:15.519 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:00:15.519 --> 00:00:16.230 align:start position:0%
 
hey

00:00:16.230 --> 00:00:16.240 align:start position:0%
hey
 

00:00:16.240 --> 00:00:19.429 align:start position:0%
hey
everyone<00:00:17.240><c> I'm</c><00:00:18.039><c> uh</c><00:00:18.160><c> I'm</c><00:00:18.279><c> Luca</c><00:00:18.800><c> I</c><00:00:18.920><c> do</c><00:00:19.080><c> research</c>

00:00:19.429 --> 00:00:19.439 align:start position:0%
everyone I'm uh I'm Luca I do research
 

00:00:19.439 --> 00:00:22.870 align:start position:0%
everyone I'm uh I'm Luca I do research
at<00:00:19.800><c> Alit</c><00:00:20.800><c> and</c><00:00:21.240><c> I'm</c><00:00:21.439><c> here</c><00:00:21.600><c> to</c><00:00:21.800><c> talk</c><00:00:22.000><c> about</c><00:00:22.359><c> FR</c>

00:00:22.870 --> 00:00:22.880 align:start position:0%
at Alit and I'm here to talk about FR
 

00:00:22.880 --> 00:00:25.589 align:start position:0%
at Alit and I'm here to talk about FR
proofs<00:00:23.880><c> uh</c><00:00:24.199><c> so</c><00:00:24.760><c> there</c><00:00:24.880><c> are</c><00:00:25.039><c> many</c><00:00:25.279><c> different</c>

00:00:25.589 --> 00:00:25.599 align:start position:0%
proofs uh so there are many different
 

00:00:25.599 --> 00:00:27.509 align:start position:0%
proofs uh so there are many different
types<00:00:25.800><c> of</c><00:00:25.960><c> FR</c><00:00:26.279><c> proofs</c><00:00:26.760><c> uh</c><00:00:26.880><c> there</c><00:00:26.960><c> are</c><00:00:27.160><c> offchain</c>

00:00:27.509 --> 00:00:27.519 align:start position:0%
types of FR proofs uh there are offchain
 

00:00:27.519 --> 00:00:29.990 align:start position:0%
types of FR proofs uh there are offchain
FR<00:00:27.840><c> proofs</c><00:00:28.160><c> onchain</c><00:00:28.519><c> FR</c><00:00:28.800><c> proofs</c><00:00:29.160><c> single</c><00:00:29.519><c> round</c>

00:00:29.990 --> 00:00:30.000 align:start position:0%
FR proofs onchain FR proofs single round
 

00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:34.270 align:start position:0%
FR proofs onchain FR proofs single round
multi<00:00:30.519><c> round</c><00:00:31.519><c> um</c><00:00:32.320><c> this</c><00:00:32.520><c> talk</c><00:00:32.759><c> is</c><00:00:32.880><c> mainly</c><00:00:33.280><c> about</c>

00:00:34.270 --> 00:00:34.280 align:start position:0%
multi round um this talk is mainly about
 

00:00:34.280 --> 00:00:36.350 align:start position:0%
multi round um this talk is mainly about
uh<00:00:34.440><c> onchain</c><00:00:35.040><c> multi-round</c><00:00:35.600><c> proof</c><00:00:35.879><c> systems</c>

00:00:36.350 --> 00:00:36.360 align:start position:0%
uh onchain multi-round proof systems
 

00:00:36.360 --> 00:00:39.270 align:start position:0%
uh onchain multi-round proof systems
which<00:00:36.520><c> is</c><00:00:37.000><c> what</c><00:00:37.399><c> uh</c><00:00:37.600><c> the</c><00:00:37.719><c> top</c><00:00:38.719><c> uh</c><00:00:38.840><c> optimistic</c>

00:00:39.270 --> 00:00:39.280 align:start position:0%
which is what uh the top uh optimistic
 

00:00:39.280 --> 00:00:41.069 align:start position:0%
which is what uh the top uh optimistic
Roll-Ups<00:00:39.719><c> used</c><00:00:39.920><c> today</c><00:00:40.280><c> like</c><00:00:40.440><c> arbitrium</c>

00:00:41.069 --> 00:00:41.079 align:start position:0%
Roll-Ups used today like arbitrium
 

00:00:41.079 --> 00:00:44.709 align:start position:0%
Roll-Ups used today like arbitrium
optimism<00:00:41.559><c> or</c><00:00:42.079><c> Bas</c><00:00:43.160><c> and</c><00:00:44.160><c> but</c><00:00:44.280><c> the</c><00:00:44.399><c> thing</c><00:00:44.559><c> is</c>

00:00:44.709 --> 00:00:44.719 align:start position:0%
optimism or Bas and but the thing is
 

00:00:44.719 --> 00:00:46.750 align:start position:0%
optimism or Bas and but the thing is
that<00:00:45.200><c> uh</c><00:00:45.320><c> these</c><00:00:45.480><c> two</c><00:00:45.719><c> Pro</c><00:00:46.000><c> system</c><00:00:46.320><c> so</c><00:00:46.520><c> the</c><00:00:46.600><c> one</c>

00:00:46.750 --> 00:00:46.760 align:start position:0%
that uh these two Pro system so the one
 

00:00:46.760 --> 00:00:48.510 align:start position:0%
that uh these two Pro system so the one
developed<00:00:47.239><c> by</c><00:00:47.640><c> arbitrum</c><00:00:48.239><c> and</c><00:00:48.320><c> the</c><00:00:48.399><c> one</c>

00:00:48.510 --> 00:00:48.520 align:start position:0%
developed by arbitrum and the one
 

00:00:48.520 --> 00:00:50.470 align:start position:0%
developed by arbitrum and the one
developed<00:00:48.879><c> by</c><00:00:49.120><c> optimism</c><00:00:49.680><c> are</c><00:00:49.879><c> very</c><00:00:50.079><c> different</c>

00:00:50.470 --> 00:00:50.480 align:start position:0%
developed by optimism are very different
 

00:00:50.480 --> 00:00:52.990 align:start position:0%
developed by optimism are very different
there<00:00:50.600><c> are</c><00:00:50.800><c> very</c><00:00:50.960><c> different</c><00:00:51.559><c> trade-offs</c><00:00:52.559><c> and</c>

00:00:52.990 --> 00:00:53.000 align:start position:0%
there are very different trade-offs and
 

00:00:53.000 --> 00:00:55.709 align:start position:0%
there are very different trade-offs and
my<00:00:53.199><c> goal</c><00:00:53.559><c> here</c><00:00:53.879><c> is</c><00:00:54.079><c> to</c><00:00:54.399><c> give</c><00:00:54.600><c> you</c><00:00:54.840><c> an</c><00:00:55.039><c> intuition</c>

00:00:55.709 --> 00:00:55.719 align:start position:0%
my goal here is to give you an intuition
 

00:00:55.719 --> 00:00:58.790 align:start position:0%
my goal here is to give you an intuition
on<00:00:56.000><c> why</c><00:00:56.160><c> they're</c><00:00:56.680><c> different</c><00:00:57.680><c> and</c><00:00:58.480><c> uh</c><00:00:58.600><c> the</c>

00:00:58.790 --> 00:00:58.800 align:start position:0%
on why they're different and uh the
 

00:00:58.800 --> 00:01:02.430 align:start position:0%
on why they're different and uh the
security<00:00:59.280><c> trade-offs</c><00:00:59.719><c> that</c><00:01:00.000><c> they</c><00:01:00.640><c> make</c><00:01:01.640><c> um</c><00:01:02.000><c> so</c>

00:01:02.430 --> 00:01:02.440 align:start position:0%
security trade-offs that they make um so
 

00:01:02.440 --> 00:01:04.829 align:start position:0%
security trade-offs that they make um so
first<00:01:02.600><c> of</c><00:01:02.719><c> all</c><00:01:02.879><c> what</c><00:01:03.000><c> are</c><00:01:03.160><c> optimistic</c><00:01:03.839><c> rollups</c>

00:01:04.829 --> 00:01:04.839 align:start position:0%
first of all what are optimistic rollups
 

00:01:04.839 --> 00:01:06.789 align:start position:0%
first of all what are optimistic rollups
uh<00:01:04.960><c> it's</c><00:01:05.119><c> very</c><00:01:05.360><c> simple</c><00:01:05.680><c> intuitively</c><00:01:06.600><c> uh</c><00:01:06.680><c> you</c>

00:01:06.789 --> 00:01:06.799 align:start position:0%
uh it's very simple intuitively uh you
 

00:01:06.799 --> 00:01:09.749 align:start position:0%
uh it's very simple intuitively uh you
need<00:01:06.960><c> to</c><00:01:07.200><c> communicate</c><00:01:07.640><c> to1</c><00:01:08.320><c> the</c><00:01:08.479><c> L2</c><00:01:08.920><c> state</c><00:01:09.560><c> so</c>

00:01:09.749 --> 00:01:09.759 align:start position:0%
need to communicate to1 the L2 state so
 

00:01:09.759 --> 00:01:11.870 align:start position:0%
need to communicate to1 the L2 state so
there<00:01:09.840><c> is</c><00:01:09.960><c> an</c><00:01:10.119><c> actor</c><00:01:10.560><c> can</c><00:01:10.799><c> be</c><00:01:10.960><c> yourself</c><00:01:11.640><c> that</c>

00:01:11.870 --> 00:01:11.880 align:start position:0%
there is an actor can be yourself that
 

00:01:11.880 --> 00:01:15.469 align:start position:0%
there is an actor can be yourself that
publishes<00:01:12.400><c> the</c><00:01:12.560><c> state</c><00:01:13.040><c> roots</c><00:01:14.040><c> of</c><00:01:14.200><c> the</c><00:01:14.320><c> L2</c><00:01:14.720><c> on</c>

00:01:15.469 --> 00:01:15.479 align:start position:0%
publishes the state roots of the L2 on
 

00:01:15.479 --> 00:01:19.990 align:start position:0%
publishes the state roots of the L2 on
L1<00:01:16.560><c> and</c><00:01:17.560><c> um</c><00:01:17.759><c> there</c><00:01:17.880><c> is</c><00:01:18.000><c> a</c><00:01:18.200><c> timer</c><00:01:18.759><c> if</c><00:01:18.960><c> this</c><00:01:19.159><c> timer</c>

00:01:19.990 --> 00:01:20.000 align:start position:0%
L1 and um there is a timer if this timer
 

00:01:20.000 --> 00:01:22.350 align:start position:0%
L1 and um there is a timer if this timer
expires<00:01:21.000><c> uh</c><00:01:21.159><c> the</c><00:01:21.320><c> state</c><00:01:21.640><c> rout</c><00:01:22.000><c> is</c>

00:01:22.350 --> 00:01:22.360 align:start position:0%
expires uh the state rout is
 

00:01:22.360 --> 00:01:25.190 align:start position:0%
expires uh the state rout is
optimistically<00:01:23.159><c> considered</c><00:01:23.960><c> correct</c><00:01:24.960><c> uh</c><00:01:25.040><c> so</c>

00:01:25.190 --> 00:01:25.200 align:start position:0%
optimistically considered correct uh so
 

00:01:25.200 --> 00:01:26.990 align:start position:0%
optimistically considered correct uh so
that<00:01:25.439><c> can</c><00:01:25.560><c> be</c><00:01:25.680><c> used</c><00:01:25.920><c> for</c><00:01:26.119><c> withdrawals</c><00:01:26.880><c> and</c>

00:01:26.990 --> 00:01:27.000 align:start position:0%
that can be used for withdrawals and
 

00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:28.630 align:start position:0%
that can be used for withdrawals and
this<00:01:27.079><c> is</c><00:01:27.200><c> the</c><00:01:27.400><c> happy</c><00:01:27.720><c> case</c><00:01:28.119><c> uh</c><00:01:28.200><c> you</c><00:01:28.280><c> don't</c><00:01:28.439><c> need</c>

00:01:28.630 --> 00:01:28.640 align:start position:0%
this is the happy case uh you don't need
 

00:01:28.640 --> 00:01:30.590 align:start position:0%
this is the happy case uh you don't need
to<00:01:29.000><c> prove</c><00:01:29.439><c> anything</c>

00:01:30.590 --> 00:01:30.600 align:start position:0%
to prove anything
 

00:01:30.600 --> 00:01:34.270 align:start position:0%
to prove anything
about<00:01:30.840><c> the</c><00:01:31.000><c> correctness</c><00:01:31.600><c> of</c><00:01:31.759><c> the</c><00:01:32.399><c> state</c><00:01:33.399><c> um</c><00:01:34.119><c> in</c>

00:01:34.270 --> 00:01:34.280 align:start position:0%
about the correctness of the state um in
 

00:01:34.280 --> 00:01:36.270 align:start position:0%
about the correctness of the state um in
the<00:01:34.479><c> not</c><00:01:34.680><c> so</c><00:01:34.920><c> happy</c><00:01:35.240><c> case</c><00:01:35.560><c> you</c><00:01:35.640><c> can</c><00:01:35.840><c> have</c><00:01:36.040><c> dis</c>

00:01:36.270 --> 00:01:36.280 align:start position:0%
the not so happy case you can have dis
 

00:01:36.280 --> 00:01:39.149 align:start position:0%
the not so happy case you can have dis
actor<00:01:36.680><c> that</c><00:01:37.200><c> publishes</c><00:01:38.200><c> a</c><00:01:38.399><c> an</c><00:01:38.560><c> invalid</c><00:01:38.920><c> State</c>

00:01:39.149 --> 00:01:39.159 align:start position:0%
actor that publishes a an invalid State
 

00:01:39.159 --> 00:01:41.550 align:start position:0%
actor that publishes a an invalid State
rout<00:01:39.720><c> and</c><00:01:39.880><c> now</c><00:01:40.040><c> what</c><00:01:40.159><c> do</c><00:01:40.240><c> you</c><00:01:40.360><c> do</c><00:01:40.520><c> you</c><00:01:40.640><c> need</c><00:01:40.799><c> to</c>

00:01:41.550 --> 00:01:41.560 align:start position:0%
rout and now what do you do you need to
 

00:01:41.560 --> 00:01:44.910 align:start position:0%
rout and now what do you do you need to
prove<00:01:42.560><c> um</c><00:01:43.200><c> that</c><00:01:43.439><c> this</c><00:01:44.000><c> uh</c><00:01:44.119><c> State</c><00:01:44.399><c> rout</c><00:01:44.759><c> is</c>

00:01:44.910 --> 00:01:44.920 align:start position:0%
prove um that this uh State rout is
 

00:01:44.920 --> 00:01:47.830 align:start position:0%
prove um that this uh State rout is
incorrect<00:01:45.719><c> and</c><00:01:46.000><c> as</c><00:01:46.079><c> I</c><00:01:46.240><c> said</c><00:01:46.759><c> there</c><00:01:46.880><c> are</c><00:01:47.560><c> a</c><00:01:47.680><c> lot</c>

00:01:47.830 --> 00:01:47.840 align:start position:0%
incorrect and as I said there are a lot
 

00:01:47.840 --> 00:01:50.950 align:start position:0%
incorrect and as I said there are a lot
of<00:01:47.960><c> different</c><00:01:48.320><c> designs</c><00:01:49.200><c> and</c><00:01:50.119><c> uh</c><00:01:50.240><c> this</c><00:01:50.360><c> is</c><00:01:50.560><c> what</c>

00:01:50.950 --> 00:01:50.960 align:start position:0%
of different designs and uh this is what
 

00:01:50.960 --> 00:01:52.109 align:start position:0%
of different designs and uh this is what
uh<00:01:51.079><c> this</c><00:01:51.200><c> talk</c><00:01:51.439><c> is</c>

00:01:52.109 --> 00:01:52.119 align:start position:0%
uh this talk is
 

00:01:52.119 --> 00:01:55.910 align:start position:0%
uh this talk is
about<00:01:53.200><c> um</c><00:01:54.200><c> so</c><00:01:54.640><c> the</c><00:01:54.759><c> original</c><00:01:55.280><c> Vision</c><00:01:55.640><c> about</c>

00:01:55.910 --> 00:01:55.920 align:start position:0%
about um so the original Vision about
 

00:01:55.920 --> 00:01:58.670 align:start position:0%
about um so the original Vision about
optimistic<00:01:56.399><c> rollups</c><00:01:57.159><c> was</c><00:01:57.360><c> the</c><00:01:57.680><c> following</c>

00:01:58.670 --> 00:01:58.680 align:start position:0%
optimistic rollups was the following
 

00:01:58.680 --> 00:02:00.670 align:start position:0%
optimistic rollups was the following
that<00:01:59.000><c> any</c><00:01:59.280><c> single</c>

00:02:00.670 --> 00:02:00.680 align:start position:0%
that any single
 

00:02:00.680 --> 00:02:02.870 align:start position:0%
that any single
Challenger<00:02:01.680><c> can</c><00:02:01.920><c> protect</c><00:02:02.240><c> an</c><00:02:02.399><c> optimistic</c>

00:02:02.870 --> 00:02:02.880 align:start position:0%
Challenger can protect an optimistic
 

00:02:02.880 --> 00:02:05.749 align:start position:0%
Challenger can protect an optimistic
rollup<00:02:03.399><c> with</c><00:02:03.520><c> a</c><00:02:03.640><c> fixed</c><00:02:03.880><c> challenge</c><00:02:04.280><c> period</c><00:02:04.920><c> so</c>

00:02:05.749 --> 00:02:05.759 align:start position:0%
rollup with a fixed challenge period so
 

00:02:05.759 --> 00:02:08.710 align:start position:0%
rollup with a fixed challenge period so
you<00:02:05.920><c> know</c><00:02:06.439><c> optimism</c><00:02:06.960><c> and</c><00:02:07.159><c> arbitrium</c><00:02:07.719><c> have</c><00:02:08.319><c> a</c><00:02:08.440><c> 7</c>

00:02:08.710 --> 00:02:08.720 align:start position:0%
you know optimism and arbitrium have a 7
 

00:02:08.720 --> 00:02:11.470 align:start position:0%
you know optimism and arbitrium have a 7
Days<00:02:08.920><c> challenge</c><00:02:09.319><c> period</c><00:02:10.200><c> if</c><00:02:10.360><c> there</c><00:02:10.520><c> is</c><00:02:11.039><c> anyone</c>

00:02:11.470 --> 00:02:11.480 align:start position:0%
Days challenge period if there is anyone
 

00:02:11.480 --> 00:02:13.390 align:start position:0%
Days challenge period if there is anyone
monitoring<00:02:12.000><c> the</c><00:02:12.120><c> chain</c><00:02:12.760><c> and</c><00:02:12.879><c> they</c><00:02:13.000><c> say</c><00:02:13.239><c> that</c>

00:02:13.390 --> 00:02:13.400 align:start position:0%
monitoring the chain and they say that
 

00:02:13.400 --> 00:02:15.309 align:start position:0%
monitoring the chain and they say that
some<00:02:13.560><c> State</c><00:02:13.840><c> root</c><00:02:14.080><c> is</c><00:02:14.239><c> incorrect</c><00:02:15.040><c> they</c><00:02:15.120><c> should</c>

00:02:15.309 --> 00:02:15.319 align:start position:0%
some State root is incorrect they should
 

00:02:15.319 --> 00:02:19.190 align:start position:0%
some State root is incorrect they should
be<00:02:15.440><c> able</c><00:02:15.640><c> to</c><00:02:15.879><c> challenge</c><00:02:16.239><c> it</c><00:02:17.239><c> um</c><00:02:18.239><c> so</c><00:02:18.840><c> you</c><00:02:18.959><c> know</c>

00:02:19.190 --> 00:02:19.200 align:start position:0%
be able to challenge it um so you know
 

00:02:19.200 --> 00:02:21.070 align:start position:0%
be able to challenge it um so you know
this<00:02:19.400><c> was</c><00:02:19.920><c> the</c><00:02:20.000><c> original</c><00:02:20.319><c> Vision</c><00:02:20.680><c> the</c><00:02:20.800><c> problem</c>

00:02:21.070 --> 00:02:21.080 align:start position:0%
this was the original Vision the problem
 

00:02:21.080 --> 00:02:25.229 align:start position:0%
this was the original Vision the problem
is<00:02:21.640><c> that</c><00:02:21.800><c> this</c><00:02:21.920><c> is</c><00:02:22.080><c> not</c><00:02:22.400><c> possible</c><00:02:23.160><c> at</c><00:02:23.760><c> all</c><00:02:24.760><c> um</c>

00:02:25.229 --> 00:02:25.239 align:start position:0%
is that this is not possible at all um
 

00:02:25.239 --> 00:02:28.509 align:start position:0%
is that this is not possible at all um
and<00:02:25.800><c> I'm</c><00:02:25.920><c> going</c><00:02:26.040><c> to</c><00:02:26.160><c> explain</c><00:02:26.400><c> you</c><00:02:27.040><c> why</c><00:02:28.040><c> so</c><00:02:28.319><c> the</c>

00:02:28.509 --> 00:02:28.519 align:start position:0%
and I'm going to explain you why so the
 

00:02:28.519 --> 00:02:30.790 align:start position:0%
and I'm going to explain you why so the
main<00:02:28.879><c> problem</c><00:02:29.319><c> on</c><00:02:29.599><c> why</c>

00:02:30.790 --> 00:02:30.800 align:start position:0%
main problem on why
 

00:02:30.800 --> 00:02:35.150 align:start position:0%
main problem on why
um<00:02:31.160><c> this</c><00:02:31.400><c> not</c><00:02:31.680><c> possible</c><00:02:32.560><c> are</c><00:02:32.840><c> Cil</c><00:02:33.640><c> attacks</c>

00:02:35.150 --> 00:02:35.160 align:start position:0%
um this not possible are Cil attacks
 

00:02:35.160 --> 00:02:38.309 align:start position:0%
um this not possible are Cil attacks
so<00:02:36.160><c> let's</c><00:02:36.360><c> say</c><00:02:36.519><c> that</c><00:02:36.640><c> you're</c><00:02:36.800><c> an</c><00:02:37.319><c> attacker</c>

00:02:38.309 --> 00:02:38.319 align:start position:0%
so let's say that you're an attacker
 

00:02:38.319 --> 00:02:40.550 align:start position:0%
so let's say that you're an attacker
what<00:02:38.440><c> you</c><00:02:38.560><c> can</c><00:02:38.720><c> do</c><00:02:38.920><c> in</c><00:02:39.040><c> an</c><00:02:39.200><c> optimistic</c><00:02:39.640><c> rollup</c>

00:02:40.550 --> 00:02:40.560 align:start position:0%
what you can do in an optimistic rollup
 

00:02:40.560 --> 00:02:43.830 align:start position:0%
what you can do in an optimistic rollup
is<00:02:41.480><c> propose</c><00:02:42.159><c> millions</c><00:02:42.920><c> of</c><00:02:43.120><c> invalid</c><00:02:43.519><c> State</c>

00:02:43.830 --> 00:02:43.840 align:start position:0%
is propose millions of invalid State
 

00:02:43.840 --> 00:02:46.949 align:start position:0%
is propose millions of invalid State
rout<00:02:44.560><c> at</c><00:02:44.680><c> the</c><00:02:44.840><c> same</c><00:02:45.080><c> time</c><00:02:46.080><c> so</c><00:02:46.400><c> you</c><00:02:46.680><c> as</c><00:02:46.840><c> the</c>

00:02:46.949 --> 00:02:46.959 align:start position:0%
rout at the same time so you as the
 

00:02:46.959 --> 00:02:48.949 align:start position:0%
rout at the same time so you as the
single<00:02:47.280><c> Hest</c><00:02:47.640><c> Challenger</c><00:02:48.280><c> how</c><00:02:48.400><c> do</c><00:02:48.519><c> you</c><00:02:48.640><c> defend</c>

00:02:48.949 --> 00:02:48.959 align:start position:0%
single Hest Challenger how do you defend
 

00:02:48.959 --> 00:02:50.550 align:start position:0%
single Hest Challenger how do you defend
yourself<00:02:49.360><c> how</c><00:02:49.440><c> do</c><00:02:49.560><c> you</c><00:02:49.640><c> defend</c><00:02:49.879><c> the</c>

00:02:50.550 --> 00:02:50.560 align:start position:0%
yourself how do you defend the
 

00:02:50.560 --> 00:02:54.430 align:start position:0%
yourself how do you defend the
chain<00:02:51.560><c> um</c><00:02:52.239><c> you</c><00:02:52.400><c> know</c><00:02:53.280><c> imagine</c><00:02:54.000><c> you</c><00:02:54.120><c> have</c>

00:02:54.430 --> 00:02:54.440 align:start position:0%
chain um you know imagine you have
 

00:02:54.440 --> 00:02:57.869 align:start position:0%
chain um you know imagine you have
millions<00:02:55.519><c> again</c><00:02:56.519><c> and</c><00:02:56.640><c> you</c><00:02:56.760><c> need</c><00:02:57.000><c> to</c><00:02:57.599><c> you</c><00:02:57.720><c> need</c>

00:02:57.869 --> 00:02:57.879 align:start position:0%
millions again and you need to you need
 

00:02:57.879 --> 00:03:00.470 align:start position:0%
millions again and you need to you need
to<00:02:58.040><c> prove</c><00:02:58.400><c> all</c><00:02:58.680><c> them</c><00:02:58.879><c> wrong</c><00:02:59.319><c> to</c><00:02:59.480><c> protect</c><00:03:00.080><c> the</c>

00:03:00.470 --> 00:03:00.480 align:start position:0%
to prove all them wrong to protect the
 

00:03:00.480 --> 00:03:02.270 align:start position:0%
to prove all them wrong to protect the
the<00:03:00.640><c> funds</c><00:03:00.920><c> that</c><00:03:01.040><c> are</c><00:03:01.239><c> in</c><00:03:01.360><c> the</c>

00:03:02.270 --> 00:03:02.280 align:start position:0%
the funds that are in the
 

00:03:02.280 --> 00:03:06.309 align:start position:0%
the funds that are in the
bridge<00:03:03.280><c> there</c><00:03:03.400><c> are</c><00:03:03.599><c> two</c><00:03:03.879><c> ways</c><00:03:04.720><c> uh</c><00:03:04.840><c> to</c><00:03:05.000><c> do</c><00:03:05.319><c> this</c>

00:03:06.309 --> 00:03:06.319 align:start position:0%
bridge there are two ways uh to do this
 

00:03:06.319 --> 00:03:07.949 align:start position:0%
bridge there are two ways uh to do this
the<00:03:06.440><c> first</c><00:03:06.680><c> one</c><00:03:07.000><c> is</c><00:03:07.159><c> what</c><00:03:07.280><c> I</c><00:03:07.440><c> call</c><00:03:07.640><c> full</c>

00:03:07.949 --> 00:03:07.959 align:start position:0%
the first one is what I call full
 

00:03:07.959 --> 00:03:10.070 align:start position:0%
the first one is what I call full
concurrency<00:03:08.959><c> which</c><00:03:09.159><c> means</c><00:03:09.720><c> you</c><00:03:09.879><c> have</c>

00:03:10.070 --> 00:03:10.080 align:start position:0%
concurrency which means you have
 

00:03:10.080 --> 00:03:12.470 align:start position:0%
concurrency which means you have
millions<00:03:10.440><c> of</c><00:03:10.599><c> invalid</c><00:03:10.920><c> State</c><00:03:11.200><c> Roots</c><00:03:12.200><c> you</c><00:03:12.319><c> need</c>

00:03:12.470 --> 00:03:12.480 align:start position:0%
millions of invalid State Roots you need
 

00:03:12.480 --> 00:03:15.350 align:start position:0%
millions of invalid State Roots you need
to<00:03:12.680><c> challenge</c><00:03:13.319><c> all</c><00:03:13.519><c> of</c><00:03:13.720><c> them</c><00:03:14.000><c> at</c><00:03:14.159><c> the</c><00:03:14.280><c> same</c>

00:03:15.350 --> 00:03:15.360 align:start position:0%
to challenge all of them at the same
 

00:03:15.360 --> 00:03:18.070 align:start position:0%
to challenge all of them at the same
time<00:03:16.360><c> um</c><00:03:16.720><c> which</c><00:03:16.840><c> means</c><00:03:17.200><c> that</c><00:03:17.640><c> uh</c><00:03:17.720><c> for</c><00:03:17.879><c> each</c>

00:03:18.070 --> 00:03:18.080 align:start position:0%
time um which means that uh for each
 

00:03:18.080 --> 00:03:19.789 align:start position:0%
time um which means that uh for each
state<00:03:18.400><c> routs</c><00:03:19.040><c> uh</c><00:03:19.159><c> there</c><00:03:19.239><c> is</c><00:03:19.360><c> a</c><00:03:19.480><c> challenge</c>

00:03:19.789 --> 00:03:19.799 align:start position:0%
state routs uh there is a challenge
 

00:03:19.799 --> 00:03:21.789 align:start position:0%
state routs uh there is a challenge
period<00:03:20.200><c> which</c><00:03:20.319><c> could</c><00:03:20.480><c> be</c><00:03:20.640><c> seven</c><00:03:20.959><c> days</c><00:03:21.599><c> all</c>

00:03:21.789 --> 00:03:21.799 align:start position:0%
period which could be seven days all
 

00:03:21.799 --> 00:03:24.190 align:start position:0%
period which could be seven days all
these<00:03:22.000><c> challenge</c><00:03:22.440><c> periods</c>

00:03:24.190 --> 00:03:24.200 align:start position:0%
these challenge periods
 

00:03:24.200 --> 00:03:27.990 align:start position:0%
these challenge periods
overlaps<00:03:25.200><c> um</c><00:03:25.599><c> so</c><00:03:26.599><c> the</c><00:03:26.760><c> advantage</c><00:03:27.519><c> of</c><00:03:27.720><c> this</c>

00:03:27.990 --> 00:03:28.000 align:start position:0%
overlaps um so the advantage of this
 

00:03:28.000 --> 00:03:30.030 align:start position:0%
overlaps um so the advantage of this
approach<00:03:28.360><c> is</c><00:03:28.560><c> that</c><00:03:29.080><c> since</c><00:03:29.480><c> again</c><00:03:29.799><c> all</c><00:03:29.920><c> the</c>

00:03:30.030 --> 00:03:30.040 align:start position:0%
approach is that since again all the
 

00:03:30.040 --> 00:03:33.270 align:start position:0%
approach is that since again all the
challenge<00:03:30.360><c> period</c><00:03:30.959><c> overlap</c><00:03:31.959><c> uh</c><00:03:32.120><c> after</c><00:03:32.360><c> 7</c><00:03:32.720><c> Days</c>

00:03:33.270 --> 00:03:33.280 align:start position:0%
challenge period overlap uh after 7 Days
 

00:03:33.280 --> 00:03:35.429 align:start position:0%
challenge period overlap uh after 7 Days
some<00:03:33.439><c> of</c><00:03:33.599><c> them</c><00:03:33.760><c> will</c><00:03:33.920><c> be</c><00:03:34.080><c> confirmed</c><00:03:34.720><c> so</c><00:03:35.280><c> your</c>

00:03:35.429 --> 00:03:35.439 align:start position:0%
some of them will be confirmed so your
 

00:03:35.439 --> 00:03:38.470 align:start position:0%
some of them will be confirmed so your
settlement<00:03:35.920><c> delay</c><00:03:36.319><c> is</c><00:03:36.480><c> 7</c><00:03:37.040><c> Days</c><00:03:38.040><c> the</c><00:03:38.200><c> problem</c>

00:03:38.470 --> 00:03:38.480 align:start position:0%
settlement delay is 7 Days the problem
 

00:03:38.480 --> 00:03:42.030 align:start position:0%
settlement delay is 7 Days the problem
is<00:03:38.640><c> that</c><00:03:38.840><c> challenging</c><00:03:39.239><c> State</c><00:03:39.760><c> routs</c><00:03:40.760><c> um</c><00:03:41.680><c> has</c><00:03:41.799><c> a</c>

00:03:42.030 --> 00:03:42.040 align:start position:0%
is that challenging State routs um has a
 

00:03:42.040 --> 00:03:45.030 align:start position:0%
is that challenging State routs um has a
cost<00:03:42.680><c> has</c><00:03:42.799><c> a</c><00:03:42.959><c> gas</c><00:03:43.239><c> cost</c><00:03:43.720><c> because</c><00:03:44.720><c> uh</c>

00:03:45.030 --> 00:03:45.040 align:start position:0%
cost has a gas cost because uh
 

00:03:45.040 --> 00:03:46.789 align:start position:0%
cost has a gas cost because uh
challenges<00:03:45.439><c> are</c><00:03:45.599><c> interactive</c><00:03:46.319><c> you</c><00:03:46.439><c> need</c><00:03:46.599><c> to</c>

00:03:46.789 --> 00:03:46.799 align:start position:0%
challenges are interactive you need to
 

00:03:46.799 --> 00:03:51.229 align:start position:0%
challenges are interactive you need to
interact<00:03:47.200><c> with</c><00:03:47.400><c> L1</c><00:03:47.840><c> multiple</c><00:03:48.680><c> times</c><00:03:50.080><c> and</c><00:03:51.080><c> what</c>

00:03:51.229 --> 00:03:51.239 align:start position:0%
interact with L1 multiple times and what
 

00:03:51.239 --> 00:03:53.750 align:start position:0%
interact with L1 multiple times and what
an<00:03:51.400><c> attacker</c><00:03:51.799><c> can</c><00:03:51.959><c> do</c><00:03:52.159><c> in</c><00:03:52.319><c> this</c><00:03:52.560><c> case</c><00:03:53.120><c> is</c>

00:03:53.750 --> 00:03:53.760 align:start position:0%
an attacker can do in this case is
 

00:03:53.760 --> 00:03:57.429 align:start position:0%
an attacker can do in this case is
trying<00:03:53.959><c> to</c><00:03:54.159><c> outspend</c><00:03:54.799><c> you</c><00:03:55.720><c> so</c><00:03:56.720><c> the</c><00:03:56.879><c> attacker</c>

00:03:57.429 --> 00:03:57.439 align:start position:0%
trying to outspend you so the attacker
 

00:03:57.439 --> 00:03:59.030 align:start position:0%
trying to outspend you so the attacker
again<00:03:57.680><c> publishes</c><00:03:58.079><c> a</c><00:03:58.200><c> lot</c><00:03:58.319><c> of</c><00:03:58.680><c> a</c><00:03:58.799><c> lot</c><00:03:58.920><c> of</c>

00:03:59.030 --> 00:03:59.040 align:start position:0%
again publishes a lot of a lot of
 

00:03:59.040 --> 00:04:00.509 align:start position:0%
again publishes a lot of a lot of
invalid<00:03:59.360><c> State</c><00:03:59.519><c> through</c>

00:04:00.509 --> 00:04:00.519 align:start position:0%
invalid State through
 

00:04:00.519 --> 00:04:02.229 align:start position:0%
invalid State through
you<00:04:00.640><c> need</c><00:04:00.760><c> to</c><00:04:00.879><c> spend</c><00:04:01.159><c> funds</c><00:04:01.519><c> to</c><00:04:01.680><c> attack</c><00:04:01.959><c> all</c><00:04:02.079><c> of</c>

00:04:02.229 --> 00:04:02.239 align:start position:0%
you need to spend funds to attack all of
 

00:04:02.239 --> 00:04:03.869 align:start position:0%
you need to spend funds to attack all of
them<00:04:02.599><c> it</c><00:04:02.680><c> could</c><00:04:02.840><c> be</c><00:04:03.000><c> that</c><00:04:03.120><c> a</c><00:04:03.239><c> certain</c><00:04:03.560><c> point</c>

00:04:03.869 --> 00:04:03.879 align:start position:0%
them it could be that a certain point
 

00:04:03.879 --> 00:04:07.190 align:start position:0%
them it could be that a certain point
you<00:04:04.000><c> don't</c><00:04:04.239><c> have</c><00:04:05.000><c> uh</c><00:04:05.120><c> funds</c><00:04:05.480><c> anymore</c><00:04:06.400><c> and</c><00:04:07.040><c> one</c>

00:04:07.190 --> 00:04:07.200 align:start position:0%
you don't have uh funds anymore and one
 

00:04:07.200 --> 00:04:08.750 align:start position:0%
you don't have uh funds anymore and one
of<00:04:07.400><c> the</c><00:04:07.640><c> inval</c><00:04:08.000><c> state</c><00:04:08.200><c> TRS</c><00:04:08.480><c> will</c><00:04:08.599><c> be</c>

00:04:08.750 --> 00:04:08.760 align:start position:0%
of the inval state TRS will be
 

00:04:08.760 --> 00:04:10.789 align:start position:0%
of the inval state TRS will be
unchallenged<00:04:09.560><c> and</c><00:04:09.680><c> it</c><00:04:09.799><c> will</c><00:04:09.920><c> be</c><00:04:10.079><c> confirmed</c><00:04:10.680><c> uh</c>

00:04:10.789 --> 00:04:10.799 align:start position:0%
unchallenged and it will be confirmed uh
 

00:04:10.799 --> 00:04:12.470 align:start position:0%
unchallenged and it will be confirmed uh
stealing<00:04:11.200><c> everything</c><00:04:11.519><c> so</c><00:04:11.720><c> I</c><00:04:11.840><c> have</c><00:04:11.959><c> an</c><00:04:12.120><c> example</c>

00:04:12.470 --> 00:04:12.480 align:start position:0%
stealing everything so I have an example
 

00:04:12.480 --> 00:04:15.509 align:start position:0%
stealing everything so I have an example
here<00:04:12.640><c> with</c><00:04:12.760><c> some</c><00:04:13.280><c> data</c><00:04:14.280><c> um</c><00:04:15.120><c> let's</c><00:04:15.280><c> say</c><00:04:15.400><c> that</c>

00:04:15.509 --> 00:04:15.519 align:start position:0%
here with some data um let's say that
 

00:04:15.519 --> 00:04:16.949 align:start position:0%
here with some data um let's say that
the<00:04:15.599><c> challenge</c><00:04:15.920><c> period</c><00:04:16.160><c> is</c><00:04:16.239><c> 7</c><00:04:16.479><c> days</c><00:04:16.799><c> they</c>

00:04:16.949 --> 00:04:16.959 align:start position:0%
the challenge period is 7 days they
 

00:04:16.959 --> 00:04:19.349 align:start position:0%
the challenge period is 7 days they
overlap<00:04:17.840><c> for</c><00:04:17.959><c> all</c><00:04:18.120><c> these</c><00:04:18.280><c> inval</c><00:04:18.600><c> State</c><00:04:18.799><c> rout</c>

00:04:19.349 --> 00:04:19.359 align:start position:0%
overlap for all these inval State rout
 

00:04:19.359 --> 00:04:22.950 align:start position:0%
overlap for all these inval State rout
the<00:04:19.560><c> cost</c><00:04:19.840><c> of</c><00:04:20.079><c> challenging</c><00:04:21.040><c> on</c><00:04:21.520><c> chain</c><00:04:22.520><c> uh</c><00:04:22.840><c> like</c>

00:04:22.950 --> 00:04:22.960 align:start position:0%
the cost of challenging on chain uh like
 

00:04:22.960 --> 00:04:25.390 align:start position:0%
the cost of challenging on chain uh like
the<00:04:23.080><c> gas</c><00:04:23.320><c> cost</c><00:04:23.560><c> is</c><00:04:23.680><c> one</c><00:04:23.960><c> e</c><00:04:24.639><c> this</c><00:04:24.880><c> symmetrical</c>

00:04:25.390 --> 00:04:25.400 align:start position:0%
the gas cost is one e this symmetrical
 

00:04:25.400 --> 00:04:27.749 align:start position:0%
the gas cost is one e this symmetrical
for<00:04:25.600><c> the</c><00:04:25.720><c> defender</c><00:04:26.080><c> and</c><00:04:26.280><c> attacker</c><00:04:26.720><c> because</c><00:04:27.520><c> um</c>

00:04:27.749 --> 00:04:27.759 align:start position:0%
for the defender and attacker because um
 

00:04:27.759 --> 00:04:30.110 align:start position:0%
for the defender and attacker because um
challenges<00:04:28.120><c> are</c><00:04:28.720><c> Interactive</c><00:04:29.800><c> there</c><00:04:29.919><c> are</c>

00:04:30.110 --> 00:04:30.120 align:start position:0%
challenges are Interactive there are
 

00:04:30.120 --> 00:04:33.350 align:start position:0%
challenges are Interactive there are
1,000<00:04:30.759><c> if</c><00:04:31.120><c> in</c><00:04:31.199><c> the</c><00:04:31.320><c> bridge</c><00:04:31.800><c> the</c><00:04:31.960><c> terer</c><00:04:32.360><c> has</c><00:04:32.560><c> 800</c>

00:04:33.350 --> 00:04:33.360 align:start position:0%
1,000 if in the bridge the terer has 800
 

00:04:33.360 --> 00:04:37.070 align:start position:0%
1,000 if in the bridge the terer has 800
if<00:04:33.800><c> the</c><00:04:33.919><c> honest</c><00:04:34.280><c> Challenger</c><00:04:34.960><c> has</c><00:04:35.919><c> only</c><00:04:36.280><c> 500</c><00:04:37.000><c> at</c>

00:04:37.070 --> 00:04:37.080 align:start position:0%
if the honest Challenger has only 500 at
 

00:04:37.080 --> 00:04:38.790 align:start position:0%
if the honest Challenger has only 500 at
a<00:04:37.199><c> certain</c><00:04:37.479><c> point</c><00:04:38.039><c> the</c><00:04:38.199><c> attacker</c><00:04:38.520><c> is</c><00:04:38.600><c> going</c><00:04:38.680><c> to</c>

00:04:38.790 --> 00:04:38.800 align:start position:0%
a certain point the attacker is going to
 

00:04:38.800 --> 00:04:40.430 align:start position:0%
a certain point the attacker is going to
outspend<00:04:39.280><c> the</c><00:04:39.400><c> defender</c><00:04:39.919><c> and</c><00:04:40.039><c> the</c><00:04:40.160><c> attacker</c>

00:04:40.430 --> 00:04:40.440 align:start position:0%
outspend the defender and the attacker
 

00:04:40.440 --> 00:04:43.310 align:start position:0%
outspend the defender and the attacker
is<00:04:40.520><c> going</c><00:04:40.600><c> to</c><00:04:40.720><c> win</c><00:04:41.600><c> so</c><00:04:42.240><c> right</c>

00:04:43.310 --> 00:04:43.320 align:start position:0%
is going to win so right
 

00:04:43.320 --> 00:04:46.430 align:start position:0%
is going to win so right
now<00:04:44.320><c> it's</c><00:04:44.520><c> not</c><00:04:44.759><c> true</c><00:04:45.240><c> that</c><00:04:45.560><c> any</c><00:04:45.880><c> single</c><00:04:46.120><c> honest</c>

00:04:46.430 --> 00:04:46.440 align:start position:0%
now it's not true that any single honest
 

00:04:46.440 --> 00:04:47.870 align:start position:0%
now it's not true that any single honest
Challenger<00:04:46.919><c> can</c><00:04:47.039><c> protect</c><00:04:47.320><c> an</c><00:04:47.440><c> optimistic</c>

00:04:47.870 --> 00:04:47.880 align:start position:0%
Challenger can protect an optimistic
 

00:04:47.880 --> 00:04:49.950 align:start position:0%
Challenger can protect an optimistic
rollup<00:04:48.240><c> with</c><00:04:48.320><c> a</c><00:04:48.440><c> fixed</c><00:04:48.680><c> period</c><00:04:49.080><c> because</c><00:04:49.639><c> not</c>

00:04:49.950 --> 00:04:49.960 align:start position:0%
rollup with a fixed period because not
 

00:04:49.960 --> 00:04:53.590 align:start position:0%
rollup with a fixed period because not
anyone<00:04:50.800><c> has</c><00:04:51.800><c> the</c><00:04:51.919><c> same</c><00:04:52.160><c> amount</c><00:04:52.400><c> of</c><00:04:52.560><c> funds</c><00:04:53.400><c> as</c>

00:04:53.590 --> 00:04:53.600 align:start position:0%
anyone has the same amount of funds as
 

00:04:53.600 --> 00:04:57.310 align:start position:0%
anyone has the same amount of funds as
the<00:04:53.759><c> attacker</c><00:04:54.400><c> to</c><00:04:54.600><c> protect</c><00:04:54.840><c> the</c><00:04:55.440><c> chain</c><00:04:56.440><c> so</c><00:04:57.199><c> you</c>

00:04:57.310 --> 00:04:57.320 align:start position:0%
the attacker to protect the chain so you
 

00:04:57.320 --> 00:04:58.950 align:start position:0%
the attacker to protect the chain so you
know<00:04:57.479><c> let's</c><00:04:57.600><c> say</c><00:04:57.759><c> I'm</c><00:04:57.880><c> a</c><00:04:57.960><c> single</c><00:04:58.520><c> I'm</c><00:04:58.600><c> a</c><00:04:58.680><c> simple</c>

00:04:58.950 --> 00:04:58.960 align:start position:0%
know let's say I'm a single I'm a simple
 

00:04:58.960 --> 00:05:04.150 align:start position:0%
know let's say I'm a single I'm a simple
user<00:04:59.240><c> that</c><00:04:59.400><c> all</c><00:04:59.880><c> has</c><00:05:00.680><c> $1,000</c><00:05:01.680><c> on</c><00:05:01.800><c> a</c><00:05:02.240><c> chain</c><00:05:03.240><c> uh</c>

00:05:04.150 --> 00:05:04.160 align:start position:0%
user that all has $1,000 on a chain uh
 

00:05:04.160 --> 00:05:06.710 align:start position:0%
user that all has $1,000 on a chain uh
and<00:05:04.600><c> you</c><00:05:04.720><c> know</c><00:05:05.199><c> the</c><00:05:05.400><c> Bounty</c><00:05:06.039><c> of</c><00:05:06.160><c> the</c><00:05:06.280><c> bridge</c><00:05:06.600><c> is</c>

00:05:06.710 --> 00:05:06.720 align:start position:0%
and you know the Bounty of the bridge is
 

00:05:06.720 --> 00:05:08.390 align:start position:0%
and you know the Bounty of the bridge is
you<00:05:06.800><c> know</c><00:05:06.960><c> millions</c><00:05:07.280><c> of</c><00:05:07.440><c> dollars</c><00:05:07.919><c> an</c><00:05:08.080><c> attacker</c>

00:05:08.390 --> 00:05:08.400 align:start position:0%
you know millions of dollars an attacker
 

00:05:08.400 --> 00:05:10.390 align:start position:0%
you know millions of dollars an attacker
can<00:05:08.520><c> spend</c><00:05:08.800><c> Millions</c><00:05:09.199><c> to</c><00:05:09.360><c> attack</c><00:05:09.639><c> it</c><00:05:09.960><c> I</c><00:05:10.080><c> cannot</c>

00:05:10.390 --> 00:05:10.400 align:start position:0%
can spend Millions to attack it I cannot
 

00:05:10.400 --> 00:05:13.270 align:start position:0%
can spend Millions to attack it I cannot
defend<00:05:10.680><c> it</c><00:05:11.199><c> uh</c><00:05:11.360><c> clearly</c><00:05:12.240><c> so</c><00:05:12.520><c> this</c><00:05:12.639><c> is</c><00:05:12.759><c> not</c><00:05:12.960><c> true</c>

00:05:13.270 --> 00:05:13.280 align:start position:0%
defend it uh clearly so this is not true
 

00:05:13.280 --> 00:05:15.070 align:start position:0%
defend it uh clearly so this is not true
the<00:05:13.400><c> correct</c><00:05:13.720><c> statement</c><00:05:14.199><c> is</c><00:05:14.880><c> that</c>

00:05:15.070 --> 00:05:15.080 align:start position:0%
the correct statement is that
 

00:05:15.080 --> 00:05:16.790 align:start position:0%
the correct statement is that
Challengers<00:05:15.800><c> with</c><00:05:16.000><c> more</c><00:05:16.160><c> funds</c><00:05:16.520><c> than</c><00:05:16.680><c> the</c>

00:05:16.790 --> 00:05:16.800 align:start position:0%
Challengers with more funds than the
 

00:05:16.800 --> 00:05:18.390 align:start position:0%
Challengers with more funds than the
attackers<00:05:17.360><c> can</c><00:05:17.560><c> protect</c><00:05:17.840><c> an</c><00:05:17.960><c> optimistic</c>

00:05:18.390 --> 00:05:18.400 align:start position:0%
attackers can protect an optimistic
 

00:05:18.400 --> 00:05:20.830 align:start position:0%
attackers can protect an optimistic
rollup<00:05:18.800><c> with</c><00:05:18.880><c> a</c><00:05:18.960><c> fixed</c><00:05:19.199><c> challenge</c><00:05:19.840><c> period</c>

00:05:20.830 --> 00:05:20.840 align:start position:0%
rollup with a fixed challenge period
 

00:05:20.840 --> 00:05:23.710 align:start position:0%
rollup with a fixed challenge period
which<00:05:20.960><c> is</c><00:05:21.319><c> a</c><00:05:21.479><c> much</c><00:05:21.800><c> stronger</c><00:05:22.560><c> claim</c><00:05:23.560><c> the</c>

00:05:23.710 --> 00:05:23.720 align:start position:0%
which is a much stronger claim the
 

00:05:23.720 --> 00:05:25.629 align:start position:0%
which is a much stronger claim the
second<00:05:24.000><c> option</c><00:05:24.240><c> is</c><00:05:24.400><c> partial</c><00:05:24.720><c> concurrency</c>

00:05:25.629 --> 00:05:25.639 align:start position:0%
second option is partial concurrency
 

00:05:25.639 --> 00:05:27.870 align:start position:0%
second option is partial concurrency
which<00:05:25.759><c> is</c><00:05:26.080><c> instead</c><00:05:26.360><c> of</c><00:05:26.600><c> challenging</c><00:05:27.479><c> all</c><00:05:27.720><c> the</c>

00:05:27.870 --> 00:05:27.880 align:start position:0%
which is instead of challenging all the
 

00:05:27.880 --> 00:05:30.670 align:start position:0%
which is instead of challenging all the
inval<00:05:28.319><c> state</c><00:05:28.600><c> routs</c><00:05:29.000><c> at</c><00:05:29.120><c> the</c><00:05:29.240><c> same</c><00:05:29.440><c> time</c>

00:05:30.670 --> 00:05:30.680 align:start position:0%
inval state routs at the same time
 

00:05:30.680 --> 00:05:33.390 align:start position:0%
inval state routs at the same time
I<00:05:30.800><c> challenge</c><00:05:31.280><c> them</c><00:05:31.800><c> one</c><00:05:32.000><c> at</c><00:05:32.120><c> a</c><00:05:32.319><c> time</c><00:05:33.000><c> so</c><00:05:33.280><c> I</c>

00:05:33.390 --> 00:05:33.400 align:start position:0%
I challenge them one at a time so I
 

00:05:33.400 --> 00:05:38.309 align:start position:0%
I challenge them one at a time so I
create<00:05:33.759><c> this</c><00:05:33.919><c> kind</c><00:05:34.080><c> of</c><00:05:34.680><c> queue</c><00:05:35.800><c> and</c><00:05:36.919><c> um</c><00:05:37.919><c> I</c><00:05:38.080><c> play</c>

00:05:38.309 --> 00:05:38.319 align:start position:0%
create this kind of queue and um I play
 

00:05:38.319 --> 00:05:39.909 align:start position:0%
create this kind of queue and um I play
in<00:05:38.479><c> one</c><00:05:38.720><c> challenge</c><00:05:39.160><c> when</c><00:05:39.280><c> I</c><00:05:39.400><c> finish</c><00:05:39.720><c> one</c>

00:05:39.909 --> 00:05:39.919 align:start position:0%
in one challenge when I finish one
 

00:05:39.919 --> 00:05:42.430 align:start position:0%
in one challenge when I finish one
challenge<00:05:40.360><c> I</c><00:05:40.479><c> go</c><00:05:40.600><c> to</c><00:05:40.720><c> the</c><00:05:40.880><c> next</c><00:05:41.160><c> one</c><00:05:42.160><c> and</c><00:05:42.319><c> this</c>

00:05:42.430 --> 00:05:42.440 align:start position:0%
challenge I go to the next one and this
 

00:05:42.440 --> 00:05:44.430 align:start position:0%
challenge I go to the next one and this
is<00:05:42.600><c> partial</c><00:05:42.960><c> concurrency</c><00:05:43.680><c> because</c><00:05:44.080><c> you</c><00:05:44.240><c> can</c>

00:05:44.430 --> 00:05:44.440 align:start position:0%
is partial concurrency because you can
 

00:05:44.440 --> 00:05:45.950 align:start position:0%
is partial concurrency because you can
still<00:05:44.720><c> have</c><00:05:44.919><c> some</c><00:05:45.120><c> kind</c><00:05:45.240><c> of</c><00:05:45.360><c> concurrency</c><00:05:45.880><c> in</c>

00:05:45.950 --> 00:05:45.960 align:start position:0%
still have some kind of concurrency in
 

00:05:45.960 --> 00:05:47.909 align:start position:0%
still have some kind of concurrency in
the<00:05:46.080><c> sense</c><00:05:46.360><c> that</c><00:05:46.800><c> if</c><00:05:46.919><c> you</c><00:05:47.080><c> have</c><00:05:47.319><c> multiple</c>

00:05:47.909 --> 00:05:47.919 align:start position:0%
the sense that if you have multiple
 

00:05:47.919 --> 00:05:51.550 align:start position:0%
the sense that if you have multiple
Defenders<00:05:48.919><c> they</c><00:05:49.120><c> can</c><00:05:49.440><c> play</c><00:05:50.400><c> against</c><00:05:51.400><c> uh</c>

00:05:51.550 --> 00:05:51.560 align:start position:0%
Defenders they can play against uh
 

00:05:51.560 --> 00:05:53.629 align:start position:0%
Defenders they can play against uh
different<00:05:51.919><c> attackers</c><00:05:52.440><c> in</c><00:05:52.639><c> parallel</c><00:05:53.360><c> but</c><00:05:53.479><c> like</c>

00:05:53.629 --> 00:05:53.639 align:start position:0%
different attackers in parallel but like
 

00:05:53.639 --> 00:05:55.390 align:start position:0%
different attackers in parallel but like
in<00:05:53.759><c> the</c><00:05:53.880><c> worst</c><00:05:54.160><c> case</c><00:05:54.360><c> if</c><00:05:54.479><c> you're</c><00:05:54.639><c> alone</c><00:05:55.240><c> you</c>

00:05:55.390 --> 00:05:55.400 align:start position:0%
in the worst case if you're alone you
 

00:05:55.400 --> 00:05:57.510 align:start position:0%
in the worst case if you're alone you
need<00:05:55.560><c> to</c><00:05:56.039><c> play</c><00:05:56.360><c> against</c><00:05:56.680><c> all</c><00:05:56.800><c> of</c><00:05:56.960><c> them</c><00:05:57.319><c> one</c>

00:05:57.510 --> 00:05:57.520 align:start position:0%
need to play against all of them one
 

00:05:57.520 --> 00:05:59.870 align:start position:0%
need to play against all of them one
after<00:05:57.800><c> the</c><00:05:58.000><c> other</c><00:05:59.000><c> so</c><00:05:59.440><c> let's</c><00:05:59.639><c> let's</c><00:05:59.759><c> go</c>

00:05:59.870 --> 00:05:59.880 align:start position:0%
after the other so let's let's go
 

00:05:59.880 --> 00:06:02.189 align:start position:0%
after the other so let's let's go
through<00:06:00.039><c> an</c><00:06:00.319><c> example</c><00:06:01.319><c> uh</c><00:06:01.520><c> again</c><00:06:01.919><c> let's</c><00:06:02.080><c> say</c>

00:06:02.189 --> 00:06:02.199 align:start position:0%
through an example uh again let's say
 

00:06:02.199 --> 00:06:03.629 align:start position:0%
through an example uh again let's say
that<00:06:02.280><c> the</c><00:06:02.360><c> challenge</c><00:06:02.639><c> period</c><00:06:02.880><c> is</c><00:06:03.000><c> 7</c><00:06:03.199><c> days</c><00:06:03.440><c> per</c>

00:06:03.629 --> 00:06:03.639 align:start position:0%
that the challenge period is 7 days per
 

00:06:03.639 --> 00:06:04.749 align:start position:0%
that the challenge period is 7 days per
Challenge<00:06:04.120><c> and</c><00:06:04.240><c> there</c><00:06:04.319><c> are</c><00:06:04.440><c> multiple</c>

00:06:04.749 --> 00:06:04.759 align:start position:0%
Challenge and there are multiple
 

00:06:04.759 --> 00:06:06.749 align:start position:0%
Challenge and there are multiple
challenges<00:06:05.240><c> the</c><00:06:05.360><c> cost</c><00:06:05.560><c> is</c><00:06:05.720><c> again</c><00:06:05.880><c> one</c><00:06:06.120><c> e</c><00:06:06.639><c> the</c>

00:06:06.749 --> 00:06:06.759 align:start position:0%
challenges the cost is again one e the
 

00:06:06.759 --> 00:06:10.790 align:start position:0%
challenges the cost is again one e the
funds<00:06:07.000><c> in</c><00:06:07.120><c> the</c><00:06:07.199><c> bridge</c><00:06:07.680><c> are</c><00:06:08.479><c> 1,000</c><00:06:09.599><c> e</c><00:06:10.599><c> the</c>

00:06:10.790 --> 00:06:10.800 align:start position:0%
funds in the bridge are 1,000 e the
 

00:06:10.800 --> 00:06:13.790 align:start position:0%
funds in the bridge are 1,000 e the
attacker<00:06:11.120><c> funds</c><00:06:11.479><c> are</c><00:06:12.160><c> 800</c><00:06:13.160><c> and</c><00:06:13.319><c> the</c><00:06:13.440><c> honest</c>

00:06:13.790 --> 00:06:13.800 align:start position:0%
attacker funds are 800 and the honest
 

00:06:13.800 --> 00:06:16.350 align:start position:0%
attacker funds are 800 and the honest
Challenger<00:06:14.280><c> now</c><00:06:14.599><c> has</c><00:06:14.800><c> very</c><00:06:14.960><c> little</c>

00:06:16.350 --> 00:06:16.360 align:start position:0%
Challenger now has very little
 

00:06:16.360 --> 00:06:18.950 align:start position:0%
Challenger now has very little
funds<00:06:17.360><c> having</c><00:06:17.599><c> little</c><00:06:17.960><c> funds</c><00:06:18.319><c> here</c><00:06:18.479><c> is</c><00:06:18.599><c> not</c><00:06:18.759><c> a</c>

00:06:18.950 --> 00:06:18.960 align:start position:0%
funds having little funds here is not a
 

00:06:18.960 --> 00:06:23.710 align:start position:0%
funds having little funds here is not a
problem<00:06:19.319><c> because</c><00:06:20.240><c> you</c><00:06:20.840><c> can</c><00:06:22.039><c> play</c><00:06:23.039><c> uh</c><00:06:23.319><c> like</c><00:06:23.520><c> you</c>

00:06:23.710 --> 00:06:23.720 align:start position:0%
problem because you can play uh like you
 

00:06:23.720 --> 00:06:25.830 align:start position:0%
problem because you can play uh like you
only<00:06:23.880><c> need</c><00:06:24.080><c> one</c><00:06:24.280><c> e</c><00:06:24.599><c> for</c><00:06:24.720><c> the</c><00:06:24.880><c> first</c><00:06:25.120><c> challenge</c>

00:06:25.830 --> 00:06:25.840 align:start position:0%
only need one e for the first challenge
 

00:06:25.840 --> 00:06:27.029 align:start position:0%
only need one e for the first challenge
then<00:06:26.000><c> when</c><00:06:26.160><c> you</c><00:06:26.319><c> win</c><00:06:26.680><c> because</c><00:06:26.880><c> you're</c>

00:06:27.029 --> 00:06:27.039 align:start position:0%
then when you win because you're
 

00:06:27.039 --> 00:06:28.990 align:start position:0%
then when you win because you're
guaranteed<00:06:27.440><c> to</c><00:06:27.560><c> win</c><00:06:27.800><c> if</c><00:06:27.919><c> you're</c><00:06:28.120><c> honest</c><00:06:28.880><c> you</c>

00:06:28.990 --> 00:06:29.000 align:start position:0%
guaranteed to win if you're honest you
 

00:06:29.000 --> 00:06:31.510 align:start position:0%
guaranteed to win if you're honest you
will<00:06:29.160><c> get</c><00:06:29.280><c> the</c><00:06:29.599><c> bonds</c><00:06:30.440><c> of</c><00:06:30.599><c> the</c><00:06:30.759><c> adversary</c><00:06:31.360><c> and</c>

00:06:31.510 --> 00:06:31.520 align:start position:0%
will get the bonds of the adversary and
 

00:06:31.520 --> 00:06:34.189 align:start position:0%
will get the bonds of the adversary and
with<00:06:31.720><c> that</c><00:06:31.919><c> Bond</c><00:06:32.800><c> you</c><00:06:32.919><c> can</c><00:06:33.080><c> play</c><00:06:33.319><c> the</c><00:06:33.479><c> next</c><00:06:33.680><c> one</c>

00:06:34.189 --> 00:06:34.199 align:start position:0%
with that Bond you can play the next one
 

00:06:34.199 --> 00:06:35.990 align:start position:0%
with that Bond you can play the next one
so<00:06:34.440><c> like</c><00:06:34.560><c> you</c><00:06:34.880><c> need</c><00:06:35.160><c> very</c><00:06:35.319><c> little</c><00:06:35.560><c> funds</c><00:06:35.880><c> but</c>

00:06:35.990 --> 00:06:36.000 align:start position:0%
so like you need very little funds but
 

00:06:36.000 --> 00:06:37.629 align:start position:0%
so like you need very little funds but
the<00:06:36.120><c> problem</c><00:06:36.360><c> is</c><00:06:36.520><c> is</c><00:06:36.639><c> that</c><00:06:36.800><c> you</c><00:06:36.960><c> have</c><00:06:37.440><c> an</c>

00:06:37.629 --> 00:06:37.639 align:start position:0%
the problem is is that you have an
 

00:06:37.639 --> 00:06:39.909 align:start position:0%
the problem is is that you have an
attacker<00:06:37.960><c> that</c><00:06:38.080><c> can</c><00:06:38.199><c> spend</c><00:06:38.440><c> 800</c>

00:06:39.909 --> 00:06:39.919 align:start position:0%
attacker that can spend 800
 

00:06:39.919 --> 00:06:43.790 align:start position:0%
attacker that can spend 800
e<00:06:40.919><c> for</c><00:06:41.360><c> to</c><00:06:41.919><c> to</c><00:06:42.120><c> play</c><00:06:42.360><c> One</c><00:06:42.639><c> Challenge</c><00:06:43.639><c> you're</c>

00:06:43.790 --> 00:06:43.800 align:start position:0%
e for to to play One Challenge you're
 

00:06:43.800 --> 00:06:46.230 align:start position:0%
e for to to play One Challenge you're
going<00:06:43.919><c> to</c><00:06:44.080><c> have</c><00:06:44.199><c> a</c><00:06:44.360><c> delay</c><00:06:44.919><c> of</c><00:06:45.039><c> 800</c><00:06:45.680><c> weeks</c>

00:06:46.230 --> 00:06:46.240 align:start position:0%
going to have a delay of 800 weeks
 

00:06:46.240 --> 00:06:49.430 align:start position:0%
going to have a delay of 800 weeks
because<00:06:46.759><c> one</c><00:06:47.000><c> challenge</c><00:06:47.960><c> takes</c><00:06:48.240><c> one</c><00:06:48.440><c> week</c><00:06:49.280><c> and</c>

00:06:49.430 --> 00:06:49.440 align:start position:0%
because one challenge takes one week and
 

00:06:49.440 --> 00:06:52.070 align:start position:0%
because one challenge takes one week and
you<00:06:49.800><c> have</c><00:06:50.800><c> uh</c><00:06:51.039><c> you</c><00:06:51.160><c> play</c><00:06:51.400><c> them</c><00:06:51.560><c> sequentially</c>

00:06:52.070 --> 00:06:52.080 align:start position:0%
you have uh you play them sequentially
 

00:06:52.080 --> 00:06:54.790 align:start position:0%
you have uh you play them sequentially
so<00:06:52.199><c> you</c><00:06:52.319><c> will</c><00:06:52.560><c> have</c><00:06:53.039><c> uh</c><00:06:53.160><c> 800</c><00:06:53.880><c> weeks</c><00:06:54.120><c> of</c><00:06:54.280><c> delay</c>

00:06:54.790 --> 00:06:54.800 align:start position:0%
so you will have uh 800 weeks of delay
 

00:06:54.800 --> 00:06:57.909 align:start position:0%
so you will have uh 800 weeks of delay
which<00:06:54.919><c> is</c><00:06:55.240><c> more</c><00:06:55.400><c> than</c><00:06:55.599><c> 15</c><00:06:56.039><c> years</c><00:06:56.840><c> so</c><00:06:57.720><c> and</c><00:06:57.840><c> this</c>

00:06:57.909 --> 00:06:57.919 align:start position:0%
which is more than 15 years so and this
 

00:06:57.919 --> 00:06:59.950 align:start position:0%
which is more than 15 years so and this
is<00:06:58.039><c> what</c><00:06:58.160><c> it's</c><00:06:58.240><c> called</c><00:06:58.400><c> a</c><00:06:58.520><c> delay</c><00:06:58.800><c> attack</c><00:06:59.639><c> on</c>

00:06:59.950 --> 00:06:59.960 align:start position:0%
is what it's called a delay attack on
 

00:06:59.960 --> 00:07:02.790 align:start position:0%
is what it's called a delay attack on
part<00:07:00.319><c> on</c><00:07:00.560><c> proof</c><00:07:00.840><c> system</c><00:07:01.080><c> they</c><00:07:01.240><c> use</c><00:07:01.440><c> partial</c>

00:07:02.790 --> 00:07:02.800 align:start position:0%
part on proof system they use partial
 

00:07:02.800 --> 00:07:06.830 align:start position:0%
part on proof system they use partial
concurrency<00:07:04.120><c> so</c><00:07:05.120><c> here</c><00:07:05.400><c> again</c><00:07:05.680><c> the</c><00:07:05.840><c> claim</c><00:07:06.680><c> that</c>

00:07:06.830 --> 00:07:06.840 align:start position:0%
concurrency so here again the claim that
 

00:07:06.840 --> 00:07:08.909 align:start position:0%
concurrency so here again the claim that
anything<00:07:07.560><c> Challenger</c><00:07:08.199><c> an</c><00:07:08.280><c> optimistic</c><00:07:08.680><c> rle</c><00:07:08.840><c> up</c>

00:07:08.909 --> 00:07:08.919 align:start position:0%
anything Challenger an optimistic rle up
 

00:07:08.919 --> 00:07:11.029 align:start position:0%
anything Challenger an optimistic rle up
with<00:07:09.039><c> a</c><00:07:09.120><c> fixed</c><00:07:09.280><c> chall</c><00:07:09.520><c> perod</c><00:07:09.759><c> is</c><00:07:09.840><c> not</c><00:07:10.000><c> true</c><00:07:10.919><c> the</c>

00:07:11.029 --> 00:07:11.039 align:start position:0%
with a fixed chall perod is not true the
 

00:07:11.039 --> 00:07:13.309 align:start position:0%
with a fixed chall perod is not true the
correct<00:07:11.319><c> statement</c><00:07:11.759><c> is</c><00:07:12.400><c> that</c><00:07:12.599><c> any</c><00:07:12.800><c> single</c><00:07:13.080><c> on</c>

00:07:13.309 --> 00:07:13.319 align:start position:0%
correct statement is that any single on
 

00:07:13.319 --> 00:07:14.749 align:start position:0%
correct statement is that any single on
Challenger<00:07:14.000><c> in</c><00:07:14.120><c> the</c><00:07:14.240><c> sense</c><00:07:14.440><c> that</c><00:07:14.560><c> you</c><00:07:14.639><c> know</c>

00:07:14.749 --> 00:07:14.759 align:start position:0%
Challenger in the sense that you know
 

00:07:14.759 --> 00:07:16.790 align:start position:0%
Challenger in the sense that you know
you<00:07:14.879><c> need</c><00:07:15.120><c> little</c><00:07:15.560><c> funds</c><00:07:16.120><c> so</c><00:07:16.319><c> it's</c><00:07:16.560><c> very</c>

00:07:16.790 --> 00:07:16.800 align:start position:0%
you need little funds so it's very
 

00:07:16.800 --> 00:07:19.110 align:start position:0%
you need little funds so it's very
decentralized<00:07:17.800><c> it</c><00:07:17.919><c> can</c><00:07:18.080><c> be</c><00:07:18.240><c> you</c><00:07:18.680><c> can</c>

00:07:19.110 --> 00:07:19.120 align:start position:0%
decentralized it can be you can
 

00:07:19.120 --> 00:07:20.670 align:start position:0%
decentralized it can be you can
optimistic<00:07:19.560><c> rollup</c><00:07:19.960><c> with</c><00:07:20.120><c> nonfixed</c>

00:07:20.670 --> 00:07:20.680 align:start position:0%
optimistic rollup with nonfixed
 

00:07:20.680 --> 00:07:22.909 align:start position:0%
optimistic rollup with nonfixed
challenge<00:07:20.960><c> period</c><00:07:21.319><c> because</c><00:07:21.479><c> they</c><00:07:21.599><c> use</c><00:07:22.360><c> uh</c>

00:07:22.909 --> 00:07:22.919 align:start position:0%
challenge period because they use uh
 

00:07:22.919 --> 00:07:24.909 align:start position:0%
challenge period because they use uh
partial<00:07:23.319><c> concurrency</c><00:07:24.319><c> so</c><00:07:24.479><c> there</c><00:07:24.599><c> is</c><00:07:24.759><c> this</c>

00:07:24.909 --> 00:07:24.919 align:start position:0%
partial concurrency so there is this
 

00:07:24.919 --> 00:07:26.589 align:start position:0%
partial concurrency so there is this
trade-off<00:07:25.759><c> when</c><00:07:25.879><c> you</c><00:07:26.000><c> need</c><00:07:26.120><c> to</c><00:07:26.240><c> design</c><00:07:26.479><c> a</c>

00:07:26.589 --> 00:07:26.599 align:start position:0%
trade-off when you need to design a
 

00:07:26.599 --> 00:07:28.510 align:start position:0%
trade-off when you need to design a
forof<00:07:27.000><c> system</c><00:07:27.240><c> you</c><00:07:27.319><c> need</c><00:07:27.440><c> to</c><00:07:27.639><c> decide</c><00:07:28.360><c> whether</c>

00:07:28.510 --> 00:07:28.520 align:start position:0%
forof system you need to decide whether
 

00:07:28.520 --> 00:07:29.950 align:start position:0%
forof system you need to decide whether
you<00:07:28.639><c> want</c><00:07:28.720><c> to</c><00:07:28.840><c> use</c><00:07:28.960><c> full</c><00:07:29.160><c> concurrency</c><00:07:29.720><c> par</c>

00:07:29.950 --> 00:07:29.960 align:start position:0%
you want to use full concurrency par
 

00:07:29.960 --> 00:07:31.589 align:start position:0%
you want to use full concurrency par
concurrency<00:07:30.479><c> which</c><00:07:30.599><c> means</c><00:07:30.879><c> you</c><00:07:31.080><c> either</c><00:07:31.360><c> are</c>

00:07:31.589 --> 00:07:31.599 align:start position:0%
concurrency which means you either are
 

00:07:31.599 --> 00:07:33.869 align:start position:0%
concurrency which means you either are
affected<00:07:32.039><c> by</c><00:07:32.520><c> resource</c><00:07:32.919><c> exhaustion</c><00:07:33.440><c> attacks</c>

00:07:33.869 --> 00:07:33.879 align:start position:0%
affected by resource exhaustion attacks
 

00:07:33.879 --> 00:07:35.869 align:start position:0%
affected by resource exhaustion attacks
which<00:07:34.039><c> means</c><00:07:34.360><c> that</c><00:07:34.560><c> the</c><00:07:35.120><c> attacker</c><00:07:35.479><c> can</c><00:07:35.599><c> try</c><00:07:35.759><c> to</c>

00:07:35.869 --> 00:07:35.879 align:start position:0%
which means that the attacker can try to
 

00:07:35.879 --> 00:07:38.390 align:start position:0%
which means that the attacker can try to
expand<00:07:36.280><c> you</c><00:07:36.440><c> or</c><00:07:36.599><c> delay</c><00:07:36.960><c> attacks</c><00:07:37.960><c> uh</c><00:07:38.080><c> there</c><00:07:38.199><c> is</c>

00:07:38.390 --> 00:07:38.400 align:start position:0%
expand you or delay attacks uh there is
 

00:07:38.400 --> 00:07:39.230 align:start position:0%
expand you or delay attacks uh there is
this

00:07:39.230 --> 00:07:39.240 align:start position:0%
this
 

00:07:39.240 --> 00:07:42.270 align:start position:0%
this
trade-off<00:07:40.240><c> um</c><00:07:40.680><c> so</c><00:07:41.160><c> now</c><00:07:41.400><c> let's</c><00:07:41.599><c> try</c><00:07:41.800><c> to</c>

00:07:42.270 --> 00:07:42.280 align:start position:0%
trade-off um so now let's try to
 

00:07:42.280 --> 00:07:44.909 align:start position:0%
trade-off um so now let's try to
optimize<00:07:43.280><c> uh</c><00:07:43.440><c> these</c><00:07:43.599><c> two</c><00:07:43.840><c> cases</c><00:07:44.319><c> because</c><00:07:44.720><c> it's</c>

00:07:44.909 --> 00:07:44.919 align:start position:0%
optimize uh these two cases because it's
 

00:07:44.919 --> 00:07:47.950 align:start position:0%
optimize uh these two cases because it's
not<00:07:45.120><c> as</c><00:07:45.639><c> just</c><00:07:45.840><c> as</c><00:07:46.000><c> bad</c><00:07:47.000><c> um</c><00:07:47.319><c> as</c><00:07:47.440><c> I</c><00:07:47.520><c> told</c><00:07:47.720><c> you</c><00:07:47.840><c> but</c>

00:07:47.950 --> 00:07:47.960 align:start position:0%
not as just as bad um as I told you but
 

00:07:47.960 --> 00:07:49.350 align:start position:0%
not as just as bad um as I told you but
you<00:07:48.080><c> know</c><00:07:48.199><c> there</c><00:07:48.319><c> is</c><00:07:48.520><c> something</c><00:07:48.840><c> that</c><00:07:49.199><c> uh</c><00:07:49.280><c> you</c>

00:07:49.350 --> 00:07:49.360 align:start position:0%
you know there is something that uh you
 

00:07:49.360 --> 00:07:51.110 align:start position:0%
you know there is something that uh you
could<00:07:49.520><c> do</c><00:07:49.639><c> to</c><00:07:49.720><c> improve</c><00:07:50.000><c> the</c><00:07:50.080><c> situation</c><00:07:51.000><c> in</c>

00:07:51.110 --> 00:07:51.120 align:start position:0%
could do to improve the situation in
 

00:07:51.120 --> 00:07:52.830 align:start position:0%
could do to improve the situation in
full<00:07:51.319><c> concurrency</c><00:07:52.120><c> what</c><00:07:52.240><c> you</c><00:07:52.319><c> can</c><00:07:52.440><c> do</c><00:07:52.560><c> is</c><00:07:52.680><c> to</c>

00:07:52.830 --> 00:07:52.840 align:start position:0%
full concurrency what you can do is to
 

00:07:52.840 --> 00:07:56.430 align:start position:0%
full concurrency what you can do is to
add<00:07:53.080><c> bonds</c><00:07:54.039><c> when</c><00:07:54.159><c> you</c><00:07:54.360><c> add</c><00:07:54.639><c> bonds</c><00:07:55.520><c> you</c><00:07:55.720><c> play</c>

00:07:56.430 --> 00:07:56.440 align:start position:0%
add bonds when you add bonds you play
 

00:07:56.440 --> 00:08:00.790 align:start position:0%
add bonds when you add bonds you play
you<00:07:56.759><c> add</c><00:07:57.000><c> a</c><00:07:57.280><c> cost</c><00:07:58.280><c> to</c><00:07:59.280><c> uh</c><00:07:59.720><c> create</c><00:08:00.080><c> challenges</c>

00:08:00.790 --> 00:08:00.800 align:start position:0%
you add a cost to uh create challenges
 

00:08:00.800 --> 00:08:03.029 align:start position:0%
you add a cost to uh create challenges
so<00:08:01.039><c> as</c><00:08:01.120><c> I</c><00:08:01.280><c> said</c><00:08:01.879><c> the</c><00:08:02.039><c> cost</c><00:08:02.199><c> of</c><00:08:02.319><c> one</c><00:08:02.479><c> challenges</c>

00:08:03.029 --> 00:08:03.039 align:start position:0%
so as I said the cost of one challenges
 

00:08:03.039 --> 00:08:07.550 align:start position:0%
so as I said the cost of one challenges
can<00:08:03.680><c> one</c><00:08:03.840><c> challenge</c><00:08:04.199><c> can</c><00:08:04.360><c> be</c><00:08:04.479><c> one</c><00:08:04.800><c> e</c><00:08:05.800><c> but</c><00:08:06.759><c> if</c>

00:08:07.550 --> 00:08:07.560 align:start position:0%
can one challenge can be one e but if
 

00:08:07.560 --> 00:08:11.070 align:start position:0%
can one challenge can be one e but if
creating<00:08:08.039><c> an</c><00:08:08.319><c> challenge</c><00:08:09.199><c> costs</c><00:08:10.000><c> 10</c><00:08:10.400><c> e</c><00:08:10.919><c> it</c>

00:08:11.070 --> 00:08:11.080 align:start position:0%
creating an challenge costs 10 e it
 

00:08:11.080 --> 00:08:13.350 align:start position:0%
creating an challenge costs 10 e it
means<00:08:11.599><c> that</c><00:08:11.800><c> the</c><00:08:11.960><c> attacker</c><00:08:12.680><c> needs</c><00:08:12.919><c> to</c><00:08:13.080><c> spend</c>

00:08:13.350 --> 00:08:13.360 align:start position:0%
means that the attacker needs to spend
 

00:08:13.360 --> 00:08:16.710 align:start position:0%
means that the attacker needs to spend
10<00:08:13.639><c> e</c><00:08:14.199><c> to</c><00:08:14.400><c> induce</c><00:08:14.800><c> me</c><00:08:15.639><c> as</c><00:08:15.800><c> the</c><00:08:15.919><c> honest</c><00:08:16.280><c> Defender</c>

00:08:16.710 --> 00:08:16.720 align:start position:0%
10 e to induce me as the honest Defender
 

00:08:16.720 --> 00:08:20.990 align:start position:0%
10 e to induce me as the honest Defender
one<00:08:16.960><c> it</c><00:08:17.159><c> of</c><00:08:17.360><c> cost</c><00:08:18.360><c> right</c><00:08:19.280><c> so</c><00:08:19.639><c> right</c><00:08:19.879><c> now</c><00:08:20.840><c> there</c>

00:08:20.990 --> 00:08:21.000 align:start position:0%
one it of cost right so right now there
 

00:08:21.000 --> 00:08:26.149 align:start position:0%
one it of cost right so right now there
is<00:08:21.400><c> this</c><00:08:21.919><c> asymmetry</c><00:08:23.080><c> like</c><00:08:24.080><c> the</c><00:08:24.280><c> cills</c><00:08:25.080><c> have</c><00:08:25.280><c> to</c>

00:08:26.149 --> 00:08:26.159 align:start position:0%
is this asymmetry like the cills have to
 

00:08:26.159 --> 00:08:28.390 align:start position:0%
is this asymmetry like the cills have to
stake<00:08:26.520><c> a</c><00:08:26.639><c> lot</c><00:08:26.800><c> of</c><00:08:26.919><c> bonds</c><00:08:27.759><c> I</c><00:08:27.919><c> only</c><00:08:28.120><c> need</c><00:08:28.280><c> to</c>

00:08:28.390 --> 00:08:28.400 align:start position:0%
stake a lot of bonds I only need to
 

00:08:28.400 --> 00:08:32.829 align:start position:0%
stake a lot of bonds I only need to
stake<00:08:28.720><c> one</c><00:08:29.879><c> for</c><00:08:30.199><c> each</c><00:08:30.440><c> Bond</c><00:08:31.000><c> they</c><00:08:31.199><c> induce</c><00:08:32.120><c> me</c>

00:08:32.829 --> 00:08:32.839 align:start position:0%
stake one for each Bond they induce me
 

00:08:32.839 --> 00:08:35.509 align:start position:0%
stake one for each Bond they induce me
um<00:08:33.560><c> gas</c><00:08:33.880><c> cost</c><00:08:34.120><c> on</c><00:08:34.240><c> playing</c><00:08:34.519><c> the</c><00:08:34.640><c> challenge</c><00:08:35.399><c> the</c>

00:08:35.509 --> 00:08:35.519 align:start position:0%
um gas cost on playing the challenge the
 

00:08:35.519 --> 00:08:38.029 align:start position:0%
um gas cost on playing the challenge the
bond<00:08:35.800><c> is</c><00:08:36.000><c> higher</c><00:08:36.519><c> than</c><00:08:36.760><c> the</c><00:08:37.159><c> the</c><00:08:37.240><c> cost</c><00:08:37.399><c> of</c><00:08:37.560><c> one</c>

00:08:38.029 --> 00:08:38.039 align:start position:0%
bond is higher than the the cost of one
 

00:08:38.039 --> 00:08:41.389 align:start position:0%
bond is higher than the the cost of one
challenge<00:08:39.039><c> so</c><00:08:39.320><c> let's</c><00:08:39.560><c> go</c><00:08:39.719><c> through</c><00:08:40.080><c> an</c><00:08:40.399><c> example</c>

00:08:41.389 --> 00:08:41.399 align:start position:0%
challenge so let's go through an example
 

00:08:41.399 --> 00:08:42.709 align:start position:0%
challenge so let's go through an example
again<00:08:41.719><c> you</c><00:08:41.880><c> have</c><00:08:42.000><c> a</c><00:08:42.080><c> challenge</c><00:08:42.360><c> period</c><00:08:42.599><c> of</c>

00:08:42.709 --> 00:08:42.719 align:start position:0%
again you have a challenge period of
 

00:08:42.719 --> 00:08:46.509 align:start position:0%
again you have a challenge period of
seven<00:08:43.000><c> days</c><00:08:43.919><c> you</c><00:08:44.160><c> have</c><00:08:45.160><c> a</c><00:08:45.519><c> the</c><00:08:45.680><c> bonds</c><00:08:46.200><c> that</c><00:08:46.320><c> are</c>

00:08:46.509 --> 00:08:46.519 align:start position:0%
seven days you have a the bonds that are
 

00:08:46.519 --> 00:08:48.949 align:start position:0%
seven days you have a the bonds that are
108<00:08:47.160><c> the</c><00:08:47.279><c> cost</c><00:08:47.440><c> of</c><00:08:47.600><c> one</c><00:08:47.720><c> challenge</c><00:08:48.040><c> is</c>

00:08:48.949 --> 00:08:48.959 align:start position:0%
108 the cost of one challenge is
 

00:08:48.959 --> 00:08:51.710 align:start position:0%
108 the cost of one challenge is
1/8<00:08:49.959><c> uh</c><00:08:50.080><c> the</c><00:08:50.200><c> funds</c><00:08:50.399><c> in</c><00:08:50.480><c> the</c><00:08:50.600><c> bridge</c><00:08:50.800><c> are</c>

00:08:51.710 --> 00:08:51.720 align:start position:0%
1/8 uh the funds in the bridge are
 

00:08:51.720 --> 00:08:54.670 align:start position:0%
1/8 uh the funds in the bridge are
1,000<00:08:52.720><c> uh</c><00:08:52.959><c> the</c><00:08:53.080><c> attacker</c><00:08:53.480><c> funds</c><00:08:53.720><c> are</c><00:08:53.880><c> 800</c><00:08:54.480><c> as</c>

00:08:54.670 --> 00:08:54.680 align:start position:0%
1,000 uh the attacker funds are 800 as
 

00:08:54.680 --> 00:08:57.269 align:start position:0%
1,000 uh the attacker funds are 800 as
before<00:08:55.120><c> onest</c><00:08:55.480><c> Cher</c><00:08:55.839><c> funds</c><00:08:56.120><c> are</c><00:08:56.360><c> 500</c><00:08:56.959><c> as</c>

00:08:57.269 --> 00:08:57.279 align:start position:0%
before onest Cher funds are 500 as
 

00:08:57.279 --> 00:09:00.030 align:start position:0%
before onest Cher funds are 500 as
before<00:08:58.279><c> but</c><00:08:58.440><c> now</c><00:08:58.600><c> the</c><00:08:58.720><c> Defenders</c><00:08:59.120><c> win</c><00:08:59.519><c> because</c>

00:09:00.030 --> 00:09:00.040 align:start position:0%
before but now the Defenders win because
 

00:09:00.040 --> 00:09:01.750 align:start position:0%
before but now the Defenders win because
with<00:09:00.240><c> 800</c>

00:09:01.750 --> 00:09:01.760 align:start position:0%
with 800
 

00:09:01.760 --> 00:09:06.829 align:start position:0%
with 800
e<00:09:02.760><c> uh</c><00:09:02.880><c> the</c><00:09:03.040><c> taret</c><00:09:03.480><c> can</c><00:09:04.040><c> only</c><00:09:05.040><c> uh</c>

00:09:06.829 --> 00:09:06.839 align:start position:0%
e uh the taret can only uh
 

00:09:06.839 --> 00:09:08.670 align:start position:0%
e uh the taret can only uh
generate

00:09:08.670 --> 00:09:08.680 align:start position:0%
generate
 

00:09:08.680 --> 00:09:12.590 align:start position:0%
generate
um<00:09:09.680><c> 80</c><00:09:10.399><c> 80</c><00:09:10.800><c> cbbl</c><00:09:11.480><c> which</c><00:09:11.600><c> means</c><00:09:11.920><c> that</c><00:09:12.279><c> I</c><00:09:12.399><c> will</c>

00:09:12.590 --> 00:09:12.600 align:start position:0%
um 80 80 cbbl which means that I will
 

00:09:12.600 --> 00:09:16.750 align:start position:0%
um 80 80 cbbl which means that I will
only<00:09:12.880><c> spend</c><00:09:13.880><c> uh</c><00:09:14.079><c> 80</c><00:09:15.079><c> if</c><00:09:16.079><c> I</c><00:09:16.200><c> have</c><00:09:16.360><c> more</c><00:09:16.560><c> than</c>

00:09:16.750 --> 00:09:16.760 align:start position:0%
only spend uh 80 if I have more than
 

00:09:16.760 --> 00:09:18.590 align:start position:0%
only spend uh 80 if I have more than
that<00:09:17.000><c> so</c><00:09:17.200><c> in</c><00:09:17.320><c> this</c><00:09:17.480><c> case</c><00:09:17.640><c> I</c><00:09:17.760><c> win</c><00:09:18.079><c> even</c><00:09:18.279><c> though</c><00:09:18.480><c> I</c>

00:09:18.590 --> 00:09:18.600 align:start position:0%
that so in this case I win even though I
 

00:09:18.600 --> 00:09:22.269 align:start position:0%
that so in this case I win even though I
have<00:09:18.839><c> less</c><00:09:19.079><c> funds</c><00:09:19.920><c> uh</c><00:09:20.040><c> than</c><00:09:20.320><c> the</c><00:09:20.720><c> than</c><00:09:20.880><c> the</c>

00:09:22.269 --> 00:09:22.279 align:start position:0%
have less funds uh than the than the
 

00:09:22.279 --> 00:09:25.990 align:start position:0%
have less funds uh than the than the
attacker<00:09:23.560><c> um</c><00:09:24.560><c> the</c><00:09:24.880><c> problem</c><00:09:25.360><c> here</c><00:09:25.680><c> is</c><00:09:25.839><c> that</c>

00:09:25.990 --> 00:09:26.000 align:start position:0%
attacker um the problem here is that
 

00:09:26.000 --> 00:09:27.870 align:start position:0%
attacker um the problem here is that
this<00:09:26.120><c> is</c><00:09:26.279><c> very</c><00:09:26.480><c> complex</c><00:09:26.839><c> to</c><00:09:27.000><c> do</c><00:09:27.480><c> uh</c><00:09:27.560><c> you</c><00:09:27.680><c> need</c>

00:09:27.870 --> 00:09:27.880 align:start position:0%
this is very complex to do uh you need
 

00:09:27.880 --> 00:09:29.389 align:start position:0%
this is very complex to do uh you need
something<00:09:28.200><c> that</c><00:09:28.320><c> is</c><00:09:28.440><c> called</c><00:09:28.640><c> executionist</c>

00:09:29.389 --> 00:09:29.399 align:start position:0%
something that is called executionist
 

00:09:29.399 --> 00:09:33.670 align:start position:0%
something that is called executionist
commitments<00:09:30.040><c> which</c><00:09:30.600><c> means</c><00:09:32.040><c> that</c><00:09:33.040><c> um</c><00:09:33.200><c> you</c>

00:09:33.670 --> 00:09:33.680 align:start position:0%
commitments which means that um you
 

00:09:33.680 --> 00:09:35.990 align:start position:0%
commitments which means that um you
cannot<00:09:34.680><c> uh</c>

00:09:35.990 --> 00:09:36.000 align:start position:0%
cannot uh
 

00:09:36.000 --> 00:09:39.230 align:start position:0%
cannot uh
allow<00:09:37.079><c> um</c><00:09:38.079><c> the</c><00:09:38.240><c> problem</c><00:09:38.480><c> is</c><00:09:38.680><c> you</c><00:09:38.800><c> need</c><00:09:38.959><c> to</c><00:09:39.160><c> you</c>

00:09:39.230 --> 00:09:39.240 align:start position:0%
allow um the problem is you need to you
 

00:09:39.240 --> 00:09:41.069 align:start position:0%
allow um the problem is you need to you
need<00:09:39.360><c> to</c><00:09:39.440><c> play</c><00:09:39.600><c> the</c><00:09:39.720><c> B</c><00:09:39.959><c> section</c><00:09:40.680><c> when</c><00:09:40.800><c> you</c><00:09:40.920><c> need</c>

00:09:41.069 --> 00:09:41.079 align:start position:0%
need to play the B section when you need
 

00:09:41.079 --> 00:09:43.750 align:start position:0%
need to play the B section when you need
to<00:09:41.200><c> go</c><00:09:41.320><c> through</c><00:09:41.480><c> a</c><00:09:41.959><c> challenge</c><00:09:42.959><c> and</c><00:09:43.399><c> you</c><00:09:43.519><c> should</c>

00:09:43.750 --> 00:09:43.760 align:start position:0%
to go through a challenge and you should
 

00:09:43.760 --> 00:09:47.150 align:start position:0%
to go through a challenge and you should
be<00:09:43.920><c> able</c><00:09:44.160><c> to</c><00:09:44.320><c> allow</c><00:09:44.720><c> everyone</c><00:09:45.480><c> to</c><00:09:46.240><c> to</c><00:09:46.560><c> play</c>

00:09:47.150 --> 00:09:47.160 align:start position:0%
be able to allow everyone to to play
 

00:09:47.160 --> 00:09:50.230 align:start position:0%
be able to allow everyone to to play
Within<00:09:47.480><c> the</c><00:09:47.640><c> same</c><00:09:48.560><c> uh</c><00:09:48.839><c> the</c><00:09:49.000><c> same</c><00:09:49.279><c> claim</c>

00:09:50.230 --> 00:09:50.240 align:start position:0%
Within the same uh the same claim
 

00:09:50.240 --> 00:09:53.550 align:start position:0%
Within the same uh the same claim
because<00:09:50.640><c> otherwise</c><00:09:51.320><c> the</c><00:09:51.480><c> problem</c><00:09:52.079><c> is</c><00:09:53.079><c> um</c><00:09:53.399><c> so</c>

00:09:53.550 --> 00:09:53.560 align:start position:0%
because otherwise the problem is um so
 

00:09:53.560 --> 00:09:55.910 align:start position:0%
because otherwise the problem is um so
the<00:09:53.680><c> interactive</c><00:09:54.120><c> game</c><00:09:54.320><c> works</c><00:09:54.600><c> as</c><00:09:54.720><c> follows</c><00:09:55.720><c> I</c>

00:09:55.910 --> 00:09:55.920 align:start position:0%
the interactive game works as follows I
 

00:09:55.920 --> 00:09:59.150 align:start position:0%
the interactive game works as follows I
propose<00:09:56.680><c> uh</c><00:09:56.880><c> I</c><00:09:57.000><c> propose</c><00:09:57.240><c> a</c><00:09:57.360><c> St</c><00:09:57.760><c> rout</c><00:09:58.760><c> the</c><00:09:59.040><c> the</c>

00:09:59.150 --> 00:09:59.160 align:start position:0%
propose uh I propose a St rout the the
 

00:09:59.160 --> 00:10:01.350 align:start position:0%
propose uh I propose a St rout the the
game<00:09:59.440><c> is</c><00:09:59.560><c> interactive</c><00:10:00.160><c> the</c><00:10:00.279><c> CH</c><00:10:00.680><c> the</c><00:10:00.959><c> the</c><00:10:01.079><c> next</c>

00:10:01.350 --> 00:10:01.360 align:start position:0%
game is interactive the CH the the next
 

00:10:01.360 --> 00:10:03.230 align:start position:0%
game is interactive the CH the the next
player<00:10:02.240><c> uh</c><00:10:02.360><c> is</c><00:10:02.480><c> going</c><00:10:02.560><c> to</c><00:10:02.720><c> ask</c><00:10:02.880><c> me</c><00:10:03.000><c> for</c><00:10:03.120><c> a</c>

00:10:03.230 --> 00:10:03.240 align:start position:0%
player uh is going to ask me for a
 

00:10:03.240 --> 00:10:05.870 align:start position:0%
player uh is going to ask me for a
midpoint<00:10:03.839><c> the</c><00:10:03.959><c> problem</c><00:10:04.200><c> is</c><00:10:04.399><c> I</c><00:10:04.519><c> can</c><00:10:04.720><c> lie</c><00:10:05.560><c> I</c><00:10:05.640><c> can</c>

00:10:05.870 --> 00:10:05.880 align:start position:0%
midpoint the problem is I can lie I can
 

00:10:05.880 --> 00:10:07.110 align:start position:0%
midpoint the problem is I can lie I can
propose<00:10:06.200><c> the</c><00:10:06.320><c> correct</c><00:10:06.560><c> State</c><00:10:06.800><c> Ro</c><00:10:06.959><c> at</c><00:10:07.040><c> the</c>

00:10:07.110 --> 00:10:07.120 align:start position:0%
propose the correct State Ro at the
 

00:10:07.120 --> 00:10:09.030 align:start position:0%
propose the correct State Ro at the
beginning<00:10:07.600><c> and</c><00:10:07.680><c> then</c><00:10:07.839><c> propose</c><00:10:08.160><c> an</c><00:10:08.360><c> invalid</c><00:10:08.800><c> B</c>

00:10:09.030 --> 00:10:09.040 align:start position:0%
beginning and then propose an invalid B
 

00:10:09.040 --> 00:10:10.949 align:start position:0%
beginning and then propose an invalid B
section<00:10:09.440><c> and</c><00:10:09.600><c> then</c><00:10:09.800><c> I</c><00:10:09.880><c> can</c><00:10:10.040><c> lose</c><00:10:10.279><c> on</c><00:10:10.519><c> purpose</c>

00:10:10.949 --> 00:10:10.959 align:start position:0%
section and then I can lose on purpose
 

00:10:10.959 --> 00:10:13.870 align:start position:0%
section and then I can lose on purpose
in<00:10:11.120><c> this</c><00:10:11.360><c> way</c><00:10:12.360><c> um</c><00:10:12.519><c> so</c><00:10:12.680><c> the</c><00:10:12.800><c> problem</c>

00:10:13.870 --> 00:10:13.880 align:start position:0%
in this way um so the problem
 

00:10:13.880 --> 00:10:18.590 align:start position:0%
in this way um so the problem
is<00:10:14.880><c> um</c><00:10:15.800><c> I</c><00:10:15.920><c> can</c><00:10:16.120><c> only</c><00:10:16.399><c> have</c><00:10:16.600><c> this</c><00:10:16.880><c> asymmetry</c><00:10:17.880><c> if</c>

00:10:18.590 --> 00:10:18.600 align:start position:0%
is um I can only have this asymmetry if
 

00:10:18.600 --> 00:10:21.949 align:start position:0%
is um I can only have this asymmetry if
people<00:10:18.920><c> can</c><00:10:19.079><c> join</c><00:10:19.600><c> together</c><00:10:20.279><c> and</c><00:10:21.279><c> St</c><00:10:21.640><c> TR</c>

00:10:21.949 --> 00:10:21.959 align:start position:0%
people can join together and St TR
 

00:10:21.959 --> 00:10:24.269 align:start position:0%
people can join together and St TR
cannot<00:10:22.519><c> cannot</c><00:10:22.760><c> lose</c><00:10:22.920><c> on</c><00:10:23.079><c> purpose</c><00:10:24.079><c> and</c><00:10:24.200><c> the</c>

00:10:24.269 --> 00:10:24.279 align:start position:0%
cannot cannot lose on purpose and the
 

00:10:24.279 --> 00:10:25.949 align:start position:0%
cannot cannot lose on purpose and the
way<00:10:24.440><c> that</c><00:10:24.560><c> you</c><00:10:24.640><c> do</c><00:10:24.880><c> this</c><00:10:25.279><c> the</c><00:10:25.360><c> way</c><00:10:25.560><c> you</c><00:10:25.680><c> prevent</c>

00:10:25.949 --> 00:10:25.959 align:start position:0%
way that you do this the way you prevent
 

00:10:25.959 --> 00:10:28.150 align:start position:0%
way that you do this the way you prevent
invalid<00:10:26.320><c> Bas</c><00:10:26.560><c> actions</c><00:10:27.120><c> is</c><00:10:27.519><c> by</c><00:10:27.720><c> having</c><00:10:27.959><c> a</c>

00:10:28.150 --> 00:10:28.160 align:start position:0%
invalid Bas actions is by having a
 

00:10:28.160 --> 00:10:31.550 align:start position:0%
invalid Bas actions is by having a
commitment<00:10:28.959><c> over</c><00:10:29.640><c> all</c><00:10:29.920><c> the</c><00:10:30.160><c> steps</c><00:10:31.000><c> the</c><00:10:31.200><c> state</c>

00:10:31.550 --> 00:10:31.560 align:start position:0%
commitment over all the steps the state
 

00:10:31.560 --> 00:10:34.350 align:start position:0%
commitment over all the steps the state
after<00:10:31.839><c> all</c><00:10:32.079><c> the</c><00:10:32.600><c> steps</c><00:10:33.600><c> uh</c><00:10:33.680><c> so</c><00:10:33.839><c> that</c><00:10:34.040><c> when</c><00:10:34.120><c> you</c>

00:10:34.350 --> 00:10:34.360 align:start position:0%
after all the steps uh so that when you
 

00:10:34.360 --> 00:10:36.430 align:start position:0%
after all the steps uh so that when you
need<00:10:34.680><c> when</c><00:10:34.800><c> you</c><00:10:35.120><c> BCT</c><00:10:35.880><c> you</c><00:10:35.959><c> can</c><00:10:36.120><c> provide</c><00:10:36.320><c> a</c>

00:10:36.430 --> 00:10:36.440 align:start position:0%
need when you BCT you can provide a
 

00:10:36.440 --> 00:10:37.990 align:start position:0%
need when you BCT you can provide a
miracle<00:10:36.800><c> proof</c><00:10:37.279><c> that</c><00:10:37.399><c> the</c><00:10:37.519><c> B</c><00:10:37.680><c> section</c><00:10:37.880><c> is</c>

00:10:37.990 --> 00:10:38.000 align:start position:0%
miracle proof that the B section is
 

00:10:38.000 --> 00:10:40.190 align:start position:0%
miracle proof that the B section is
correct<00:10:38.639><c> but</c><00:10:38.839><c> again</c><00:10:39.079><c> this</c><00:10:39.200><c> is</c><00:10:39.360><c> super</c><00:10:39.680><c> complex</c>

00:10:40.190 --> 00:10:40.200 align:start position:0%
correct but again this is super complex
 

00:10:40.200 --> 00:10:42.629 align:start position:0%
correct but again this is super complex
you<00:10:40.600><c> are</c><00:10:40.760><c> not</c><00:10:41.000><c> supposed</c><00:10:41.399><c> to</c><00:10:41.839><c> understand</c><00:10:42.040><c> this</c>

00:10:42.629 --> 00:10:42.639 align:start position:0%
you are not supposed to understand this
 

00:10:42.639 --> 00:10:44.750 align:start position:0%
you are not supposed to understand this
because<00:10:42.880><c> as</c><00:10:43.000><c> I</c><00:10:43.120><c> said</c><00:10:43.839><c> this</c><00:10:43.959><c> is</c><00:10:44.160><c> super</c><00:10:44.480><c> super</c>

00:10:44.750 --> 00:10:44.760 align:start position:0%
because as I said this is super super
 

00:10:44.760 --> 00:10:48.150 align:start position:0%
because as I said this is super super
complex<00:10:45.200><c> so</c><00:10:46.079><c> improving</c><00:10:46.800><c> on</c><00:10:47.079><c> full</c><00:10:47.399><c> concurrency</c>

00:10:48.150 --> 00:10:48.160 align:start position:0%
complex so improving on full concurrency
 

00:10:48.160 --> 00:10:51.030 align:start position:0%
complex so improving on full concurrency
is<00:10:48.399><c> very</c><00:10:48.959><c> complex</c><00:10:49.959><c> uh</c><00:10:50.279><c> you</c><00:10:50.399><c> need</c><00:10:50.600><c> to</c><00:10:50.760><c> add</c>

00:10:51.030 --> 00:10:51.040 align:start position:0%
is very complex uh you need to add
 

00:10:51.040 --> 00:10:53.310 align:start position:0%
is very complex uh you need to add
levels<00:10:51.680><c> because</c><00:10:52.279><c> now</c><00:10:52.519><c> when</c><00:10:52.639><c> you</c><00:10:52.839><c> have</c>

00:10:53.310 --> 00:10:53.320 align:start position:0%
levels because now when you have
 

00:10:53.320 --> 00:10:55.190 align:start position:0%
levels because now when you have
execution<00:10:53.800><c> history</c><00:10:54.120><c> commitments</c><00:10:54.600><c> over</c><00:10:54.880><c> this</c>

00:10:55.190 --> 00:10:55.200 align:start position:0%
execution history commitments over this
 

00:10:55.200 --> 00:10:57.829 align:start position:0%
execution history commitments over this
all<00:10:55.440><c> the</c><00:10:55.600><c> steps</c><00:10:56.079><c> you</c><00:10:56.200><c> need</c><00:10:56.360><c> to</c><00:10:56.680><c> meriz</c><00:10:57.680><c> the</c>

00:10:57.829 --> 00:10:57.839 align:start position:0%
all the steps you need to meriz the
 

00:10:57.839 --> 00:11:00.030 align:start position:0%
all the steps you need to meriz the
state<00:10:58.120><c> for</c><00:10:58.399><c> all</c><00:10:58.600><c> the</c><00:10:58.800><c> steps</c>

00:11:00.030 --> 00:11:00.040 align:start position:0%
state for all the steps
 

00:11:00.040 --> 00:11:02.030 align:start position:0%
state for all the steps
these<00:11:00.200><c> steps</c><00:11:00.440><c> are</c><00:11:00.720><c> like</c><00:11:01.040><c> on</c><00:11:01.200><c> the</c><00:11:01.320><c> order</c><00:11:01.600><c> of</c><00:11:01.800><c> two</c>

00:11:02.030 --> 00:11:02.040 align:start position:0%
these steps are like on the order of two
 

00:11:02.040 --> 00:11:04.790 align:start position:0%
these steps are like on the order of two
to<00:11:02.200><c> the</c><00:11:02.320><c> 70</c><00:11:02.959><c> steps</c><00:11:03.680><c> this</c><00:11:03.800><c> is</c><00:11:03.959><c> unfeasible</c><00:11:04.639><c> so</c>

00:11:04.790 --> 00:11:04.800 align:start position:0%
to the 70 steps this is unfeasible so
 

00:11:04.800 --> 00:11:07.150 align:start position:0%
to the 70 steps this is unfeasible so
you<00:11:04.920><c> cannot</c><00:11:05.240><c> meriz</c><00:11:05.800><c> all</c><00:11:05.920><c> of</c><00:11:06.079><c> them</c><00:11:06.720><c> you</c><00:11:06.839><c> need</c><00:11:07.040><c> to</c>

00:11:07.150 --> 00:11:07.160 align:start position:0%
you cannot meriz all of them you need to
 

00:11:07.160 --> 00:11:09.550 align:start position:0%
you cannot meriz all of them you need to
have<00:11:07.399><c> bigger</c><00:11:07.880><c> chunks</c><00:11:08.880><c> and</c><00:11:09.040><c> then</c><00:11:09.279><c> when</c><00:11:09.399><c> you</c>

00:11:09.550 --> 00:11:09.560 align:start position:0%
have bigger chunks and then when you
 

00:11:09.560 --> 00:11:11.470 align:start position:0%
have bigger chunks and then when you
reach<00:11:09.920><c> when</c><00:11:10.040><c> you</c><00:11:10.160><c> bisect</c><00:11:10.600><c> and</c><00:11:10.720><c> you</c><00:11:10.839><c> reach</c><00:11:11.240><c> one</c>

00:11:11.470 --> 00:11:11.480 align:start position:0%
reach when you bisect and you reach one
 

00:11:11.480 --> 00:11:13.550 align:start position:0%
reach when you bisect and you reach one
chunk<00:11:11.839><c> you</c><00:11:11.959><c> need</c><00:11:12.200><c> to</c><00:11:12.399><c> repeat</c><00:11:12.760><c> the</c><00:11:12.880><c> protocol</c>

00:11:13.550 --> 00:11:13.560 align:start position:0%
chunk you need to repeat the protocol
 

00:11:13.560 --> 00:11:15.710 align:start position:0%
chunk you need to repeat the protocol
recursively<00:11:14.560><c> and</c><00:11:14.720><c> then</c><00:11:14.920><c> when</c><00:11:15.040><c> you</c><00:11:15.279><c> do</c><00:11:15.480><c> this</c>

00:11:15.710 --> 00:11:15.720 align:start position:0%
recursively and then when you do this
 

00:11:15.720 --> 00:11:18.710 align:start position:0%
recursively and then when you do this
you<00:11:15.920><c> create</c><00:11:16.720><c> another</c><00:11:17.320><c> type</c><00:11:17.480><c> of</c><00:11:17.639><c> attack</c><00:11:18.000><c> across</c>

00:11:18.710 --> 00:11:18.720 align:start position:0%
you create another type of attack across
 

00:11:18.720 --> 00:11:21.590 align:start position:0%
you create another type of attack across
levels<00:11:19.720><c> um</c><00:11:20.120><c> and</c><00:11:20.279><c> then</c><00:11:20.600><c> you</c><00:11:20.880><c> you</c><00:11:21.000><c> might</c><00:11:21.200><c> say</c><00:11:21.519><c> I</c>

00:11:21.590 --> 00:11:21.600 align:start position:0%
levels um and then you you might say I
 

00:11:21.600 --> 00:11:23.150 align:start position:0%
levels um and then you you might say I
don't<00:11:21.760><c> want</c><00:11:21.880><c> to</c><00:11:21.959><c> use</c><00:11:22.200><c> levels</c><00:11:22.560><c> at</c><00:11:22.680><c> all</c><00:11:22.839><c> so</c><00:11:23.000><c> let</c>

00:11:23.150 --> 00:11:23.160 align:start position:0%
don't want to use levels at all so let
 

00:11:23.160 --> 00:11:25.870 align:start position:0%
don't want to use levels at all so let
me<00:11:23.399><c> plug</c><00:11:23.800><c> ZK</c><00:11:24.279><c> proofs</c><00:11:25.240><c> again</c><00:11:25.560><c> you're</c><00:11:25.720><c> not</c>

00:11:25.870 --> 00:11:25.880 align:start position:0%
me plug ZK proofs again you're not
 

00:11:25.880 --> 00:11:27.269 align:start position:0%
me plug ZK proofs again you're not
supposed<00:11:26.160><c> to</c><00:11:26.519><c> understand</c><00:11:26.680><c> this</c><00:11:26.839><c> you're</c><00:11:27.079><c> just</c>

00:11:27.269 --> 00:11:27.279 align:start position:0%
supposed to understand this you're just
 

00:11:27.279 --> 00:11:29.590 align:start position:0%
supposed to understand this you're just
supposed<00:11:27.600><c> to</c><00:11:28.040><c> understand</c><00:11:28.680><c> that</c><00:11:28.920><c> this</c><00:11:29.360><c> gets</c>

00:11:29.590 --> 00:11:29.600 align:start position:0%
supposed to understand that this gets
 

00:11:29.600 --> 00:11:31.430 align:start position:0%
supposed to understand that this gets
very<00:11:29.839><c> complicated</c><00:11:30.800><c> uh</c><00:11:30.920><c> when</c><00:11:31.040><c> you</c><00:11:31.160><c> want</c><00:11:31.279><c> to</c>

00:11:31.430 --> 00:11:31.440 align:start position:0%
very complicated uh when you want to
 

00:11:31.440 --> 00:11:35.590 align:start position:0%
very complicated uh when you want to
improve<00:11:32.279><c> uh</c><00:11:32.440><c> on</c><00:11:32.720><c> on</c><00:11:32.839><c> full</c><00:11:33.560><c> concurrency</c><00:11:34.560><c> so</c><00:11:34.839><c> in</c>

00:11:35.590 --> 00:11:35.600 align:start position:0%
improve uh on on full concurrency so in
 

00:11:35.600 --> 00:11:38.750 align:start position:0%
improve uh on on full concurrency so in
practice<00:11:36.600><c> uh</c><00:11:36.800><c> arbitro</c><00:11:37.720><c> the</c><00:11:37.880><c> new</c><00:11:38.079><c> proof</c><00:11:38.399><c> system</c>

00:11:38.750 --> 00:11:38.760 align:start position:0%
practice uh arbitro the new proof system
 

00:11:38.760 --> 00:11:41.310 align:start position:0%
practice uh arbitro the new proof system
that<00:11:38.880><c> they</c><00:11:39.000><c> will</c><00:11:39.200><c> deploy</c><00:11:39.519><c> soon</c><00:11:39.800><c> and</c><00:11:40.320><c> optimism</c>

00:11:41.310 --> 00:11:41.320 align:start position:0%
that they will deploy soon and optimism
 

00:11:41.320 --> 00:11:43.710 align:start position:0%
that they will deploy soon and optimism
uh<00:11:41.440><c> on</c><00:11:41.639><c> Manet</c><00:11:42.519><c> uh</c><00:11:42.639><c> today</c><00:11:43.160><c> use</c><00:11:43.480><c> full</c>

00:11:43.710 --> 00:11:43.720 align:start position:0%
uh on Manet uh today use full
 

00:11:43.720 --> 00:11:45.670 align:start position:0%
uh on Manet uh today use full
concurrency<00:11:44.480><c> so</c><00:11:44.680><c> they</c><00:11:44.839><c> have</c><00:11:45.000><c> fixed</c><00:11:45.320><c> challenge</c>

00:11:45.670 --> 00:11:45.680 align:start position:0%
concurrency so they have fixed challenge
 

00:11:45.680 --> 00:11:48.910 align:start position:0%
concurrency so they have fixed challenge
periods<00:11:46.120><c> of</c><00:11:46.240><c> seven</c><00:11:46.600><c> days</c><00:11:47.240><c> arbitr</c><00:11:47.839><c> uses</c><00:11:48.639><c> this</c>

00:11:48.910 --> 00:11:48.920 align:start position:0%
periods of seven days arbitr uses this
 

00:11:48.920 --> 00:11:51.550 align:start position:0%
periods of seven days arbitr uses this
very<00:11:49.160><c> complicated</c><00:11:50.160><c> setup</c><00:11:51.160><c> uh</c><00:11:51.279><c> called</c>

00:11:51.550 --> 00:11:51.560 align:start position:0%
very complicated setup uh called
 

00:11:51.560 --> 00:11:54.829 align:start position:0%
very complicated setup uh called
execution<00:11:52.200><c> commitments</c><00:11:53.320><c> optimism</c>

00:11:54.829 --> 00:11:54.839 align:start position:0%
execution commitments optimism
 

00:11:54.839 --> 00:11:59.350 align:start position:0%
execution commitments optimism
doesn't<00:11:55.920><c> um</c><00:11:56.920><c> and</c><00:11:57.079><c> for</c><00:11:57.279><c> this</c><00:11:57.519><c> reason</c><00:11:58.279><c> arbitrium</c>

00:11:59.350 --> 00:11:59.360 align:start position:0%
doesn't um and for this reason arbitrium
 

00:11:59.360 --> 00:12:01.629 align:start position:0%
doesn't um and for this reason arbitrium
uh<00:11:59.519><c> can</c><00:11:59.920><c> have</c><00:12:00.920><c> uh</c><00:12:01.040><c> what</c><00:12:01.160><c> it's</c><00:12:01.279><c> called</c><00:12:01.480><c> the</c>

00:12:01.629 --> 00:12:01.639 align:start position:0%
uh can have uh what it's called the
 

00:12:01.639 --> 00:12:05.269 align:start position:0%
uh can have uh what it's called the
resource<00:12:02.079><c> ratio</c><00:12:02.480><c> of</c><00:12:02.720><c> 15%</c><00:12:03.720><c> which</c><00:12:03.959><c> means</c><00:12:04.959><c> if</c><00:12:05.079><c> an</c>

00:12:05.269 --> 00:12:05.279 align:start position:0%
resource ratio of 15% which means if an
 

00:12:05.279 --> 00:12:08.629 align:start position:0%
resource ratio of 15% which means if an
attacker<00:12:05.720><c> let's</c><00:12:05.920><c> say</c><00:12:06.160><c> has</c><00:12:06.399><c> 1,000</c><00:12:07.120><c> e</c><00:12:08.120><c> me</c><00:12:08.360><c> as</c><00:12:08.480><c> a</c>

00:12:08.629 --> 00:12:08.639 align:start position:0%
attacker let's say has 1,000 e me as a
 

00:12:08.639 --> 00:12:10.670 align:start position:0%
attacker let's say has 1,000 e me as a
Defender<00:12:09.120><c> to</c><00:12:09.279><c> protect</c><00:12:09.560><c> the</c><00:12:09.680><c> chain</c><00:12:10.240><c> I</c><00:12:10.399><c> only</c>

00:12:10.670 --> 00:12:10.680 align:start position:0%
Defender to protect the chain I only
 

00:12:10.680 --> 00:12:11.590 align:start position:0%
Defender to protect the chain I only
need

00:12:11.590 --> 00:12:11.600 align:start position:0%
need
 

00:12:11.600 --> 00:12:13.829 align:start position:0%
need
15%<00:12:12.600><c> of</c><00:12:12.760><c> the</c><00:12:12.880><c> funds</c><00:12:13.160><c> that</c><00:12:13.279><c> the</c><00:12:13.440><c> terer</c><00:12:13.760><c> is</c>

00:12:13.829 --> 00:12:13.839 align:start position:0%
15% of the funds that the terer is
 

00:12:13.839 --> 00:12:16.069 align:start position:0%
15% of the funds that the terer is
willing<00:12:14.079><c> to</c><00:12:14.199><c> spend</c><00:12:14.560><c> to</c><00:12:14.760><c> protect</c><00:12:14.959><c> the</c><00:12:15.040><c> chain</c><00:12:15.880><c> as</c>

00:12:16.069 --> 00:12:16.079 align:start position:0%
willing to spend to protect the chain as
 

00:12:16.079 --> 00:12:18.670 align:start position:0%
willing to spend to protect the chain as
the<00:12:16.199><c> example</c><00:12:16.519><c> we</c><00:12:16.600><c> made</c><00:12:16.839><c> before</c><00:12:17.320><c> uh</c><00:12:17.440><c> with</c>

00:12:18.670 --> 00:12:18.680 align:start position:0%
the example we made before uh with
 

00:12:18.680 --> 00:12:21.910 align:start position:0%
the example we made before uh with
bonds<00:12:19.680><c> uh</c><00:12:20.639><c> while</c><00:12:20.880><c> optimism</c><00:12:21.399><c> doesn't</c><00:12:21.720><c> have</c>

00:12:21.910 --> 00:12:21.920 align:start position:0%
bonds uh while optimism doesn't have
 

00:12:21.920 --> 00:12:24.230 align:start position:0%
bonds uh while optimism doesn't have
this<00:12:22.360><c> they</c><00:12:22.720><c> cannot</c><00:12:23.199><c> have</c><00:12:23.399><c> this</c><00:12:23.600><c> asymmetry</c>

00:12:24.230 --> 00:12:24.240 align:start position:0%
this they cannot have this asymmetry
 

00:12:24.240 --> 00:12:27.110 align:start position:0%
this they cannot have this asymmetry
this<00:12:24.720><c> advantage</c><00:12:25.480><c> and</c><00:12:25.680><c> indeed</c><00:12:26.199><c> if</c><00:12:26.320><c> you</c><00:12:26.800><c> are</c><00:12:26.959><c> a</c>

00:12:27.110 --> 00:12:27.120 align:start position:0%
this advantage and indeed if you are a
 

00:12:27.120 --> 00:12:28.350 align:start position:0%
this advantage and indeed if you are a
Defender<00:12:27.600><c> and</c><00:12:27.680><c> you</c><00:12:27.800><c> want</c><00:12:27.920><c> to</c><00:12:28.040><c> protect</c><00:12:28.240><c> the</c>

00:12:28.350 --> 00:12:28.360 align:start position:0%
Defender and you want to protect the
 

00:12:28.360 --> 00:12:31.710 align:start position:0%
Defender and you want to protect the
chain<00:12:28.959><c> you</c><00:12:29.199><c> you</c><00:12:29.279><c> need</c><00:12:30.279><c> 109%</c><00:12:31.279><c> of</c><00:12:31.399><c> the</c><00:12:31.480><c> funds</c>

00:12:31.710 --> 00:12:31.720 align:start position:0%
chain you you need 109% of the funds
 

00:12:31.720 --> 00:12:34.710 align:start position:0%
chain you you need 109% of the funds
that<00:12:31.839><c> attacker</c><00:12:32.160><c> has</c><00:12:32.360><c> so</c><00:12:32.519><c> like</c><00:12:32.760><c> more</c><00:12:33.120><c> than</c><00:12:33.720><c> 100%</c>

00:12:34.710 --> 00:12:34.720 align:start position:0%
that attacker has so like more than 100%
 

00:12:34.720 --> 00:12:37.030 align:start position:0%
that attacker has so like more than 100%
uh<00:12:34.880><c> like</c><00:12:35.120><c> significantly</c><00:12:35.720><c> more</c><00:12:35.920><c> I</c><00:12:36.000><c> would</c><00:12:36.199><c> say</c>

00:12:37.030 --> 00:12:37.040 align:start position:0%
uh like significantly more I would say
 

00:12:37.040 --> 00:12:39.030 align:start position:0%
uh like significantly more I would say
uh<00:12:37.320><c> so</c><00:12:37.600><c> again</c><00:12:38.079><c> imagine</c><00:12:38.440><c> you</c><00:12:38.560><c> have</c><00:12:38.680><c> a</c><00:12:38.760><c> bridge</c>

00:12:39.030 --> 00:12:39.040 align:start position:0%
uh so again imagine you have a bridge
 

00:12:39.040 --> 00:12:41.590 align:start position:0%
uh so again imagine you have a bridge
with<00:12:39.199><c> 1</c><00:12:39.360><c> million</c><00:12:39.680><c> e</c><00:12:40.120><c> an</c><00:12:40.279><c> attacker</c><00:12:40.639><c> can</c><00:12:40.800><c> spend</c><00:12:41.480><c> a</c>

00:12:41.590 --> 00:12:41.600 align:start position:0%
with 1 million e an attacker can spend a
 

00:12:41.600 --> 00:12:43.509 align:start position:0%
with 1 million e an attacker can spend a
little<00:12:41.880><c> less</c><00:12:42.079><c> than</c><00:12:42.279><c> that</c><00:12:42.600><c> you</c><00:12:42.720><c> need</c><00:12:43.120><c> more</c><00:12:43.320><c> than</c>

00:12:43.509 --> 00:12:43.519 align:start position:0%
little less than that you need more than
 

00:12:43.519 --> 00:12:44.949 align:start position:0%
little less than that you need more than
that<00:12:43.720><c> to</c><00:12:43.839><c> protect</c><00:12:44.120><c> the</c><00:12:44.199><c> chain</c><00:12:44.440><c> so</c><00:12:44.600><c> it's</c><00:12:44.760><c> it's</c><00:12:44.880><c> a</c>

00:12:44.949 --> 00:12:44.959 align:start position:0%
that to protect the chain so it's it's a
 

00:12:44.959 --> 00:12:48.389 align:start position:0%
that to protect the chain so it's it's a
lot<00:12:45.079><c> of</c><00:12:45.160><c> funds</c><00:12:45.440><c> the</c><00:12:45.560><c> problem</c><00:12:45.800><c> is</c><00:12:46.680><c> you</c><00:12:47.199><c> need</c><00:12:48.199><c> uh</c>

00:12:48.389 --> 00:12:48.399 align:start position:0%
lot of funds the problem is you need uh
 

00:12:48.399 --> 00:12:50.750 align:start position:0%
lot of funds the problem is you need uh
very<00:12:48.680><c> big</c><00:12:48.920><c> Bond</c><00:12:49.240><c> sizes</c><00:12:49.720><c> because</c><00:12:50.079><c> you</c><00:12:50.199><c> need</c><00:12:50.440><c> to</c>

00:12:50.750 --> 00:12:50.760 align:start position:0%
very big Bond sizes because you need to
 

00:12:50.760 --> 00:12:52.629 align:start position:0%
very big Bond sizes because you need to
your<00:12:50.920><c> bond</c><00:12:51.199><c> size</c><00:12:51.399><c> needs</c><00:12:51.560><c> to</c><00:12:51.680><c> be</c><00:12:51.760><c> a</c><00:12:51.880><c> multiple</c><00:12:52.480><c> of</c>

00:12:52.629 --> 00:12:52.639 align:start position:0%
your bond size needs to be a multiple of
 

00:12:52.639 --> 00:12:54.949 align:start position:0%
your bond size needs to be a multiple of
the<00:12:52.800><c> gas</c><00:12:53.040><c> cost</c><00:12:53.560><c> uh</c><00:12:53.639><c> to</c><00:12:53.920><c> pay</c><00:12:54.079><c> a</c><00:12:54.160><c> challenge</c><00:12:54.720><c> and</c>

00:12:54.949 --> 00:12:54.959 align:start position:0%
the gas cost uh to pay a challenge and
 

00:12:54.959 --> 00:12:58.629 align:start position:0%
the gas cost uh to pay a challenge and
in<00:12:55.120><c> arbit</c><00:12:55.480><c> room</c><00:12:55.839><c> this</c><00:12:56.079><c> Bond</c><00:12:56.360><c> size</c><00:12:56.639><c> is</c><00:12:57.320><c> 3600</c><00:12:58.320><c> e</c>

00:12:58.629 --> 00:12:58.639 align:start position:0%
in arbit room this Bond size is 3600 e
 

00:12:58.639 --> 00:12:59.990 align:start position:0%
in arbit room this Bond size is 3600 e
which<00:12:58.760><c> is</c><00:12:58.880><c> insane</c>

00:12:59.990 --> 00:13:00.000 align:start position:0%
which is insane
 

00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:01.949 align:start position:0%
which is insane
uh<00:13:00.120><c> so</c><00:13:00.360><c> like</c><00:13:00.519><c> you</c><00:13:00.839><c> affect</c><00:13:01.160><c> decentralization</c>

00:13:01.949 --> 00:13:01.959 align:start position:0%
uh so like you affect decentralization
 

00:13:01.959 --> 00:13:04.509 align:start position:0%
uh so like you affect decentralization
by<00:13:02.079><c> a</c><00:13:02.480><c> lot</c><00:13:03.480><c> and</c><00:13:03.600><c> you</c><00:13:03.760><c> have</c><00:13:03.920><c> this</c><00:13:04.079><c> trade-off</c>

00:13:04.509 --> 00:13:04.519 align:start position:0%
by a lot and you have this trade-off
 

00:13:04.519 --> 00:13:06.269 align:start position:0%
by a lot and you have this trade-off
between<00:13:04.800><c> resource</c><00:13:05.160><c> ratio</c><00:13:05.440><c> and</c><00:13:05.519><c> na</c><00:13:05.800><c> Bond</c><00:13:06.000><c> size</c>

00:13:06.269 --> 00:13:06.279 align:start position:0%
between resource ratio and na Bond size
 

00:13:06.279 --> 00:13:08.550 align:start position:0%
between resource ratio and na Bond size
because<00:13:06.600><c> as</c><00:13:06.720><c> I</c><00:13:06.839><c> said</c><00:13:07.399><c> uh</c><00:13:07.560><c> right</c><00:13:07.760><c> now</c><00:13:08.320><c> when</c><00:13:08.480><c> you</c>

00:13:08.550 --> 00:13:08.560 align:start position:0%
because as I said uh right now when you
 

00:13:08.560 --> 00:13:09.710 align:start position:0%
because as I said uh right now when you
increase<00:13:08.839><c> the</c><00:13:08.920><c> bond</c><00:13:09.120><c> size</c><00:13:09.320><c> you</c><00:13:09.399><c> can</c><00:13:09.560><c> have</c>

00:13:09.710 --> 00:13:09.720 align:start position:0%
increase the bond size you can have
 

00:13:09.720 --> 00:13:12.269 align:start position:0%
increase the bond size you can have
better<00:13:10.000><c> resource</c><00:13:10.600><c> ratio</c><00:13:11.600><c> um</c><00:13:11.800><c> like</c><00:13:11.920><c> a</c><00:13:12.040><c> lower</c>

00:13:12.269 --> 00:13:12.279 align:start position:0%
better resource ratio um like a lower
 

00:13:12.279 --> 00:13:13.550 align:start position:0%
better resource ratio um like a lower
resource<00:13:12.639><c> ratio</c><00:13:12.920><c> which</c><00:13:13.040><c> is</c><00:13:13.160><c> better</c><00:13:13.440><c> which</c>

00:13:13.550 --> 00:13:13.560 align:start position:0%
resource ratio which is better which
 

00:13:13.560 --> 00:13:15.069 align:start position:0%
resource ratio which is better which
improves<00:13:13.920><c> safety</c><00:13:14.360><c> but</c><00:13:14.519><c> affects</c><00:13:14.800><c> the</c>

00:13:15.069 --> 00:13:15.079 align:start position:0%
improves safety but affects the
 

00:13:15.079 --> 00:13:17.150 align:start position:0%
improves safety but affects the
centralization<00:13:16.079><c> let's</c><00:13:16.240><c> trve</c><00:13:16.519><c> to</c><00:13:16.720><c> optimize</c>

00:13:17.150 --> 00:13:17.160 align:start position:0%
centralization let's trve to optimize
 

00:13:17.160 --> 00:13:19.790 align:start position:0%
centralization let's trve to optimize
partial<00:13:17.480><c> concurrency</c><00:13:18.120><c> so</c><00:13:18.760><c> instead</c><00:13:19.040><c> of</c><00:13:19.240><c> having</c>

00:13:19.790 --> 00:13:19.800 align:start position:0%
partial concurrency so instead of having
 

00:13:19.800 --> 00:13:22.590 align:start position:0%
partial concurrency so instead of having
all<00:13:20.120><c> the</c><00:13:20.480><c> challenges</c><00:13:21.399><c> one</c><00:13:21.600><c> after</c><00:13:21.880><c> the</c><00:13:22.000><c> other</c>

00:13:22.590 --> 00:13:22.600 align:start position:0%
all the challenges one after the other
 

00:13:22.600 --> 00:13:23.910 align:start position:0%
all the challenges one after the other
what<00:13:22.720><c> you</c><00:13:22.800><c> can</c><00:13:22.959><c> do</c><00:13:23.279><c> is</c><00:13:23.440><c> to</c><00:13:23.600><c> create</c><00:13:23.800><c> a</c>

00:13:23.910 --> 00:13:23.920 align:start position:0%
what you can do is to create a
 

00:13:23.920 --> 00:13:26.069 align:start position:0%
what you can do is to create a
tournament<00:13:24.600><c> like</c><00:13:24.720><c> a</c><00:13:24.839><c> bracket</c><00:13:25.160><c> tournament</c><00:13:25.959><c> uh</c>

00:13:26.069 --> 00:13:26.079 align:start position:0%
tournament like a bracket tournament uh
 

00:13:26.079 --> 00:13:27.870 align:start position:0%
tournament like a bracket tournament uh
this<00:13:26.199><c> is</c><00:13:26.279><c> something</c><00:13:26.680><c> that</c><00:13:27.160><c> was</c><00:13:27.279><c> developed</c><00:13:27.720><c> by</c>

00:13:27.870 --> 00:13:27.880 align:start position:0%
this is something that was developed by
 

00:13:27.880 --> 00:13:31.430 align:start position:0%
this is something that was developed by
cesi<00:13:28.519><c> which</c><00:13:28.639><c> is</c><00:13:28.800><c> another</c><00:13:29.240><c> team</c><00:13:30.040><c> um</c><00:13:31.040><c> uh</c><00:13:31.160><c> working</c>

00:13:31.430 --> 00:13:31.440 align:start position:0%
cesi which is another team um uh working
 

00:13:31.440 --> 00:13:33.790 align:start position:0%
cesi which is another team um uh working
on<00:13:31.560><c> FR</c><00:13:31.800><c> proofs</c><00:13:32.480><c> so</c><00:13:32.680><c> what</c><00:13:32.800><c> you</c><00:13:32.880><c> can</c><00:13:33.040><c> do</c>

00:13:33.790 --> 00:13:33.800 align:start position:0%
on FR proofs so what you can do
 

00:13:33.800 --> 00:13:36.949 align:start position:0%
on FR proofs so what you can do
is<00:13:34.800><c> um</c><00:13:34.959><c> you</c><00:13:35.120><c> create</c><00:13:35.399><c> this</c><00:13:35.560><c> bracket</c><00:13:35.959><c> tournament</c>

00:13:36.949 --> 00:13:36.959 align:start position:0%
is um you create this bracket tournament
 

00:13:36.959 --> 00:13:39.750 align:start position:0%
is um you create this bracket tournament
uh<00:13:37.360><c> the</c><00:13:37.519><c> matches</c><00:13:38.199><c> are</c><00:13:38.440><c> in</c><00:13:38.680><c> parallel</c><00:13:39.399><c> and</c><00:13:39.639><c> if</c>

00:13:39.750 --> 00:13:39.760 align:start position:0%
uh the matches are in parallel and if
 

00:13:39.760 --> 00:13:42.509 align:start position:0%
uh the matches are in parallel and if
you<00:13:39.920><c> have</c><00:13:40.040><c> a</c><00:13:40.160><c> lot</c><00:13:40.279><c> of</c><00:13:40.440><c> cbls</c><00:13:41.440><c> since</c><00:13:41.839><c> they</c><00:13:42.079><c> are</c><00:13:42.320><c> in</c>

00:13:42.509 --> 00:13:42.519 align:start position:0%
you have a lot of cbls since they are in
 

00:13:42.519 --> 00:13:44.470 align:start position:0%
you have a lot of cbls since they are in
this<00:13:42.680><c> tournament</c><00:13:43.279><c> they</c><00:13:43.399><c> will</c><00:13:43.680><c> El</c><00:13:44.000><c> eliminate</c>

00:13:44.470 --> 00:13:44.480 align:start position:0%
this tournament they will El eliminate
 

00:13:44.480 --> 00:13:46.829 align:start position:0%
this tournament they will El eliminate
each<00:13:44.639><c> other</c><00:13:45.639><c> uh</c><00:13:45.760><c> because</c><00:13:46.040><c> they</c><00:13:46.120><c> are</c><00:13:46.360><c> paired</c>

00:13:46.829 --> 00:13:46.839 align:start position:0%
each other uh because they are paired
 

00:13:46.839 --> 00:13:50.230 align:start position:0%
each other uh because they are paired
together<00:13:47.279><c> so</c><00:13:48.040><c> uh</c><00:13:48.160><c> this</c><00:13:48.279><c> is</c><00:13:48.360><c> a</c><00:13:48.519><c> strategy</c><00:13:49.079><c> to</c><00:13:50.079><c> uh</c>

00:13:50.230 --> 00:13:50.240 align:start position:0%
together so uh this is a strategy to uh
 

00:13:50.240 --> 00:13:51.350 align:start position:0%
together so uh this is a strategy to uh
eliminate

00:13:51.350 --> 00:13:51.360 align:start position:0%
eliminate
 

00:13:51.360 --> 00:13:54.710 align:start position:0%
eliminate
sibles<00:13:52.360><c> uh</c><00:13:52.680><c> together</c><00:13:53.040><c> and</c><00:13:53.320><c> then</c><00:13:53.920><c> since</c><00:13:54.360><c> the</c>

00:13:54.710 --> 00:13:54.720 align:start position:0%
sibles uh together and then since the
 

00:13:54.720 --> 00:13:56.670 align:start position:0%
sibles uh together and then since the
brackets<00:13:55.360><c> are</c><00:13:55.880><c> then</c>

00:13:56.670 --> 00:13:56.680 align:start position:0%
brackets are then
 

00:13:56.680 --> 00:13:59.110 align:start position:0%
brackets are then
sequential<00:13:57.680><c> uh</c><00:13:57.880><c> the</c><00:13:58.000><c> honest</c><00:13:58.360><c> Challenger</c><00:13:58.800><c> will</c>

00:13:59.110 --> 00:13:59.120 align:start position:0%
sequential uh the honest Challenger will
 

00:13:59.120 --> 00:14:02.110 align:start position:0%
sequential uh the honest Challenger will
only<00:13:59.399><c> play</c><00:13:59.680><c> a</c><00:14:00.199><c> logarithmic</c><00:14:01.199><c> uh</c><00:14:01.360><c> number</c><00:14:01.839><c> of</c>

00:14:02.110 --> 00:14:02.120 align:start position:0%
only play a logarithmic uh number of
 

00:14:02.120 --> 00:14:04.310 align:start position:0%
only play a logarithmic uh number of
challenges<00:14:02.680><c> compared</c><00:14:03.000><c> to</c><00:14:03.079><c> the</c><00:14:03.240><c> number</c><00:14:03.680><c> of</c><00:14:03.959><c> the</c>

00:14:04.310 --> 00:14:04.320 align:start position:0%
challenges compared to the number of the
 

00:14:04.320 --> 00:14:05.269 align:start position:0%
challenges compared to the number of the
of<00:14:04.440><c> the</c>

00:14:05.269 --> 00:14:05.279 align:start position:0%
of the
 

00:14:05.279 --> 00:14:07.829 align:start position:0%
of the
cbbls<00:14:06.279><c> so</c><00:14:06.440><c> if</c><00:14:06.560><c> you</c><00:14:06.680><c> go</c><00:14:06.800><c> to</c><00:14:06.880><c> work</c><00:14:07.240><c> example</c><00:14:07.720><c> right</c>

00:14:07.829 --> 00:14:07.839 align:start position:0%
cbbls so if you go to work example right
 

00:14:07.839 --> 00:14:10.790 align:start position:0%
cbbls so if you go to work example right
now<00:14:08.040><c> the</c><00:14:08.199><c> delay</c><00:14:08.800><c> is</c><00:14:08.959><c> not</c><00:14:09.639><c> 800</c><00:14:10.160><c> weeks</c><00:14:10.519><c> but</c><00:14:10.680><c> it's</c>

00:14:10.790 --> 00:14:10.800 align:start position:0%
now the delay is not 800 weeks but it's
 

00:14:10.800 --> 00:14:12.949 align:start position:0%
now the delay is not 800 weeks but it's
a<00:14:10.920><c> logarith</c><00:14:11.560><c> a</c><00:14:11.680><c> logarithm</c><00:14:12.320><c> of</c><00:14:12.480><c> that</c><00:14:12.759><c> which</c><00:14:12.839><c> is</c>

00:14:12.949 --> 00:14:12.959 align:start position:0%
a logarith a logarithm of that which is
 

00:14:12.959 --> 00:14:15.590 align:start position:0%
a logarith a logarithm of that which is
two<00:14:13.079><c> months</c><00:14:13.279><c> and</c><00:14:13.440><c> one</c><00:14:13.600><c> week</c><00:14:14.560><c> and</c><00:14:14.680><c> in</c><00:14:14.800><c> practice</c>

00:14:15.590 --> 00:14:15.600 align:start position:0%
two months and one week and in practice
 

00:14:15.600 --> 00:14:17.870 align:start position:0%
two months and one week and in practice
the<00:14:15.759><c> current</c><00:14:16.079><c> arbitrum</c><00:14:17.000><c> classic</c><00:14:17.399><c> protocol</c>

00:14:17.870 --> 00:14:17.880 align:start position:0%
the current arbitrum classic protocol
 

00:14:17.880 --> 00:14:19.350 align:start position:0%
the current arbitrum classic protocol
the<00:14:17.959><c> one</c><00:14:18.120><c> that</c><00:14:18.199><c> is</c><00:14:18.360><c> live</c><00:14:18.639><c> on</c><00:14:18.800><c> Meed</c><00:14:19.120><c> that</c><00:14:19.240><c> will</c>

00:14:19.350 --> 00:14:19.360 align:start position:0%
the one that is live on Meed that will
 

00:14:19.360 --> 00:14:22.230 align:start position:0%
the one that is live on Meed that will
be<00:14:19.959><c> replaced</c><00:14:20.959><c> uh</c><00:14:21.199><c> use</c><00:14:21.480><c> partial</c><00:14:21.759><c> concurrency</c>

00:14:22.230 --> 00:14:22.240 align:start position:0%
be replaced uh use partial concurrency
 

00:14:22.240 --> 00:14:24.509 align:start position:0%
be replaced uh use partial concurrency
CES<00:14:22.639><c> will</c><00:14:22.759><c> use</c><00:14:22.959><c> partial</c><00:14:23.240><c> concurrency</c><00:14:23.680><c> as</c><00:14:23.800><c> well</c>

00:14:24.509 --> 00:14:24.519 align:start position:0%
CES will use partial concurrency as well
 

00:14:24.519 --> 00:14:26.949 align:start position:0%
CES will use partial concurrency as well
cartesia<00:14:25.079><c> uses</c><00:14:25.399><c> the</c><00:14:25.560><c> tournament</c><00:14:26.440><c> arbitrum</c>

00:14:26.949 --> 00:14:26.959 align:start position:0%
cartesia uses the tournament arbitrum
 

00:14:26.959 --> 00:14:28.790 align:start position:0%
cartesia uses the tournament arbitrum
doesn't<00:14:27.680><c> initial</c><00:14:27.959><c> bone</c><00:14:28.240><c> size</c><00:14:28.480><c> let's</c><00:14:28.639><c> say</c>

00:14:28.790 --> 00:14:28.800 align:start position:0%
doesn't initial bone size let's say
 

00:14:28.800 --> 00:14:31.910 align:start position:0%
doesn't initial bone size let's say
three<00:14:29.320><c> if</c><00:14:30.320><c> uh</c><00:14:30.519><c> cesi</c><00:14:31.120><c> is</c><00:14:31.279><c> much</c><00:14:31.480><c> better</c><00:14:31.759><c> than</c>

00:14:31.910 --> 00:14:31.920 align:start position:0%
three if uh cesi is much better than
 

00:14:31.920 --> 00:14:34.910 align:start position:0%
three if uh cesi is much better than
arbitrum<00:14:32.440><c> because</c><00:14:32.639><c> again</c><00:14:32.800><c> they</c><00:14:32.959><c> use</c><00:14:33.199><c> this</c><00:14:33.959><c> um</c>

00:14:34.910 --> 00:14:34.920 align:start position:0%
arbitrum because again they use this um
 

00:14:34.920 --> 00:14:37.550 align:start position:0%
arbitrum because again they use this um
there<00:14:35.040><c> are</c><00:14:35.199><c> a</c><00:14:35.360><c> lot</c><00:14:35.519><c> of</c><00:14:36.279><c> um</c><00:14:36.560><c> caveats</c><00:14:37.120><c> here</c><00:14:37.360><c> but</c>

00:14:37.550 --> 00:14:37.560 align:start position:0%
there are a lot of um caveats here but
 

00:14:37.560 --> 00:14:38.590 align:start position:0%
there are a lot of um caveats here but
like<00:14:37.720><c> to</c>

00:14:38.590 --> 00:14:38.600 align:start position:0%
like to
 

00:14:38.600 --> 00:14:41.829 align:start position:0%
like to
simplify<00:14:39.600><c> uh</c><00:14:39.959><c> a</c><00:14:40.120><c> tournament</c><00:14:40.720><c> is</c><00:14:40.839><c> a</c><00:14:41.399><c> very</c><00:14:41.600><c> nice</c>

00:14:41.829 --> 00:14:41.839 align:start position:0%
simplify uh a tournament is a very nice
 

00:14:41.839 --> 00:14:43.629 align:start position:0%
simplify uh a tournament is a very nice
optimization<00:14:42.360><c> to</c><00:14:42.480><c> use</c><00:14:42.959><c> uh</c><00:14:43.079><c> when</c><00:14:43.279><c> you</c><00:14:43.360><c> want</c><00:14:43.519><c> to</c>

00:14:43.629 --> 00:14:43.639 align:start position:0%
optimization to use uh when you want to
 

00:14:43.639 --> 00:14:45.990 align:start position:0%
optimization to use uh when you want to
use<00:14:43.880><c> partial</c><00:14:44.440><c> concurrency</c><00:14:45.440><c> and</c><00:14:45.600><c> the</c><00:14:45.720><c> bond</c>

00:14:45.990 --> 00:14:46.000 align:start position:0%
use partial concurrency and the bond
 

00:14:46.000 --> 00:14:47.710 align:start position:0%
use partial concurrency and the bond
size<00:14:46.240><c> that</c><00:14:46.360><c> you</c><00:14:46.480><c> need</c><00:14:46.639><c> are</c><00:14:46.800><c> super</c><00:14:47.079><c> small</c><00:14:47.600><c> as</c>

00:14:47.710 --> 00:14:47.720 align:start position:0%
size that you need are super small as
 

00:14:47.720 --> 00:14:51.189 align:start position:0%
size that you need are super small as
well<00:14:48.639><c> so</c><00:14:49.639><c> now</c><00:14:49.839><c> you</c><00:14:50.040><c> also</c><00:14:50.279><c> have</c><00:14:50.480><c> this</c><00:14:50.639><c> trade-off</c>

00:14:51.189 --> 00:14:51.199 align:start position:0%
well so now you also have this trade-off
 

00:14:51.199 --> 00:14:53.069 align:start position:0%
well so now you also have this trade-off
between<00:14:51.560><c> initial</c><00:14:51.920><c> Bond</c><00:14:52.240><c> size</c><00:14:52.600><c> and</c><00:14:52.759><c> delay</c>

00:14:53.069 --> 00:14:53.079 align:start position:0%
between initial Bond size and delay
 

00:14:53.079 --> 00:14:55.389 align:start position:0%
between initial Bond size and delay
attacks<00:14:53.600><c> because</c><00:14:54.279><c> if</c><00:14:54.399><c> you</c><00:14:54.560><c> increase</c><00:14:55.000><c> the</c><00:14:55.079><c> bond</c>

00:14:55.389 --> 00:14:55.399 align:start position:0%
attacks because if you increase the bond
 

00:14:55.399 --> 00:14:57.030 align:start position:0%
attacks because if you increase the bond
size<00:14:55.600><c> in</c><00:14:55.720><c> partial</c><00:14:56.040><c> concurrency</c><00:14:56.720><c> you</c><00:14:56.839><c> can</c>

00:14:57.030 --> 00:14:57.040 align:start position:0%
size in partial concurrency you can
 

00:14:57.040 --> 00:14:59.189 align:start position:0%
size in partial concurrency you can
create<00:14:57.399><c> less</c><00:14:57.639><c> cills</c><00:14:58.600><c> and</c><00:14:58.720><c> when</c><00:14:58.839><c> you</c><00:14:59.040><c> you</c><00:14:59.079><c> have</c>

00:14:59.189 --> 00:14:59.199 align:start position:0%
create less cills and when you you have
 

00:14:59.199 --> 00:15:02.509 align:start position:0%
create less cills and when you you have
less<00:14:59.399><c> cbls</c><00:15:00.160><c> you</c><00:15:00.360><c> have</c><00:15:01.079><c> uh</c><00:15:01.279><c> less</c><00:15:02.120><c> uh</c><00:15:02.279><c> like</c><00:15:02.399><c> a</c>

00:15:02.509 --> 00:15:02.519 align:start position:0%
less cbls you have uh less uh like a
 

00:15:02.519 --> 00:15:05.790 align:start position:0%
less cbls you have uh less uh like a
lower<00:15:02.959><c> number</c><00:15:03.360><c> of</c><00:15:04.040><c> uh</c><00:15:04.160><c> challenge</c><00:15:04.639><c> periods</c><00:15:05.639><c> uh</c>

00:15:05.790 --> 00:15:05.800 align:start position:0%
lower number of uh challenge periods uh
 

00:15:05.800 --> 00:15:08.069 align:start position:0%
lower number of uh challenge periods uh
so<00:15:06.519><c> like</c><00:15:06.680><c> a</c><00:15:06.839><c> lower</c><00:15:07.120><c> number</c><00:15:07.320><c> of</c><00:15:07.440><c> matches</c><00:15:07.920><c> which</c>

00:15:08.069 --> 00:15:08.079 align:start position:0%
so like a lower number of matches which
 

00:15:08.079 --> 00:15:11.829 align:start position:0%
so like a lower number of matches which
means<00:15:08.440><c> also</c><00:15:09.279><c> uh</c><00:15:09.440><c> that</c><00:15:10.040><c> settlement</c><00:15:10.480><c> is</c><00:15:10.839><c> faster</c>

00:15:11.829 --> 00:15:11.839 align:start position:0%
means also uh that settlement is faster
 

00:15:11.839 --> 00:15:15.150 align:start position:0%
means also uh that settlement is faster
this<00:15:11.959><c> is</c><00:15:12.120><c> the</c><00:15:12.279><c> summary</c><00:15:13.199><c> uh</c><00:15:13.279><c> more</c><00:15:13.519><c> or</c><00:15:13.839><c> less</c><00:15:14.839><c> uh</c>

00:15:15.150 --> 00:15:15.160 align:start position:0%
this is the summary uh more or less uh
 

00:15:15.160 --> 00:15:17.230 align:start position:0%
this is the summary uh more or less uh
which<00:15:15.320><c> means</c><00:15:15.759><c> that</c><00:15:15.959><c> you</c><00:15:16.079><c> know</c><00:15:16.440><c> you</c><00:15:16.560><c> can</c><00:15:16.720><c> see</c><00:15:17.000><c> on</c>

00:15:17.230 --> 00:15:17.240 align:start position:0%
which means that you know you can see on
 

00:15:17.240 --> 00:15:20.470 align:start position:0%
which means that you know you can see on
the<00:15:17.600><c> vertical</c><00:15:18.600><c> axis</c><00:15:19.240><c> that</c><00:15:19.680><c> if</c><00:15:19.800><c> you</c><00:15:20.000><c> go</c><00:15:20.199><c> full</c>

00:15:20.470 --> 00:15:20.480 align:start position:0%
the vertical axis that if you go full
 

00:15:20.480 --> 00:15:22.350 align:start position:0%
the vertical axis that if you go full
concurrency<00:15:21.360><c> you're</c><00:15:21.680><c> faster</c><00:15:22.160><c> Your</c>

00:15:22.350 --> 00:15:22.360 align:start position:0%
concurrency you're faster Your
 

00:15:22.360 --> 00:15:24.590 align:start position:0%
concurrency you're faster Your
settlement<00:15:22.839><c> gets</c><00:15:23.160><c> faster</c><00:15:23.639><c> but</c><00:15:23.800><c> you</c><00:15:24.040><c> sacrifice</c>

00:15:24.590 --> 00:15:24.600 align:start position:0%
settlement gets faster but you sacrifice
 

00:15:24.600 --> 00:15:26.670 align:start position:0%
settlement gets faster but you sacrifice
safety<00:15:24.880><c> and</c><00:15:25.240><c> decentralization</c><00:15:26.240><c> if</c><00:15:26.320><c> you</c><00:15:26.480><c> go</c>

00:15:26.670 --> 00:15:26.680 align:start position:0%
safety and decentralization if you go
 

00:15:26.680 --> 00:15:28.949 align:start position:0%
safety and decentralization if you go
partial<00:15:27.279><c> concurrency</c><00:15:28.279><c> it's</c><00:15:28.440><c> very</c><00:15:28.639><c> descent</c>

00:15:28.949 --> 00:15:28.959 align:start position:0%
partial concurrency it's very descent
 

00:15:28.959 --> 00:15:30.590 align:start position:0%
partial concurrency it's very descent
centralized<00:15:29.480><c> very</c><00:15:29.680><c> safe</c><00:15:30.000><c> because</c><00:15:30.199><c> you</c><00:15:30.319><c> need</c>

00:15:30.590 --> 00:15:30.600 align:start position:0%
centralized very safe because you need
 

00:15:30.600 --> 00:15:31.710 align:start position:0%
centralized very safe because you need
very<00:15:30.800><c> low</c>

00:15:31.710 --> 00:15:31.720 align:start position:0%
very low
 

00:15:31.720 --> 00:15:35.870 align:start position:0%
very low
bonds<00:15:32.920><c> and</c><00:15:33.920><c> um</c><00:15:34.600><c> yeah</c><00:15:34.759><c> very</c><00:15:34.959><c> low</c><00:15:35.160><c> bonds</c><00:15:35.519><c> and</c>

00:15:35.870 --> 00:15:35.880 align:start position:0%
bonds and um yeah very low bonds and
 

00:15:35.880 --> 00:15:38.470 align:start position:0%
bonds and um yeah very low bonds and
your<00:15:36.040><c> resource</c><00:15:36.519><c> ratio</c><00:15:36.839><c> is</c><00:15:37.120><c> like</c><00:15:37.759><c> um</c><00:15:38.120><c> it's</c><00:15:38.360><c> not</c>

00:15:38.470 --> 00:15:38.480 align:start position:0%
your resource ratio is like um it's not
 

00:15:38.480 --> 00:15:41.389 align:start position:0%
your resource ratio is like um it's not
even<00:15:38.639><c> a</c><00:15:38.759><c> ratio</c><00:15:39.120><c> it's</c><00:15:39.639><c> it's</c><00:15:40.079><c> constant</c><00:15:41.079><c> uh</c><00:15:41.240><c> then</c>

00:15:41.389 --> 00:15:41.399 align:start position:0%
even a ratio it's it's constant uh then
 

00:15:41.399 --> 00:15:43.470 align:start position:0%
even a ratio it's it's constant uh then
you<00:15:41.519><c> can</c><00:15:41.680><c> play</c><00:15:41.920><c> with</c><00:15:42.079><c> Bond</c><00:15:42.399><c> sizes</c><00:15:42.880><c> for</c><00:15:43.160><c> partial</c>

00:15:43.470 --> 00:15:43.480 align:start position:0%
you can play with Bond sizes for partial
 

00:15:43.480 --> 00:15:46.230 align:start position:0%
you can play with Bond sizes for partial
concurrency<00:15:44.279><c> to</c><00:15:45.000><c> to</c><00:15:45.160><c> be</c><00:15:45.360><c> faster</c><00:15:45.839><c> but</c><00:15:46.000><c> less</c>

00:15:46.230 --> 00:15:46.240 align:start position:0%
concurrency to to be faster but less
 

00:15:46.240 --> 00:15:48.590 align:start position:0%
concurrency to to be faster but less
decentralized<00:15:47.199><c> or</c><00:15:47.360><c> you</c><00:15:47.480><c> can</c><00:15:47.680><c> play</c><00:15:47.920><c> with</c><00:15:48.079><c> Bonds</c>

00:15:48.590 --> 00:15:48.600 align:start position:0%
decentralized or you can play with Bonds
 

00:15:48.600 --> 00:15:50.509 align:start position:0%
decentralized or you can play with Bonds
on<00:15:48.759><c> full</c><00:15:49.000><c> concurrency</c><00:15:49.560><c> to</c><00:15:49.720><c> be</c><00:15:49.839><c> more</c><00:15:50.079><c> safe</c><00:15:50.319><c> to</c>

00:15:50.509 --> 00:15:50.519 align:start position:0%
on full concurrency to be more safe to
 

00:15:50.519 --> 00:15:53.309 align:start position:0%
on full concurrency to be more safe to
have<00:15:50.680><c> a</c><00:15:51.120><c> a</c><00:15:51.240><c> better</c><00:15:51.519><c> resource</c><00:15:51.920><c> ratio</c><00:15:52.519><c> sacrifice</c>

00:15:53.309 --> 00:15:53.319 align:start position:0%
have a a better resource ratio sacrifice
 

00:15:53.319 --> 00:15:56.509 align:start position:0%
have a a better resource ratio sacrifice
decentralization<00:15:54.319><c> or</c><00:15:54.920><c> you</c><00:15:55.040><c> can</c><00:15:55.319><c> also</c><00:15:55.680><c> play</c><00:15:56.279><c> in</c>

00:15:56.509 --> 00:15:56.519 align:start position:0%
decentralization or you can also play in
 

00:15:56.519 --> 00:15:58.990 align:start position:0%
decentralization or you can also play in
principle<00:15:57.040><c> with</c><00:15:57.199><c> a</c><00:15:57.279><c> challenge</c><00:15:57.720><c> period</c><00:15:58.440><c> to</c><00:15:58.600><c> be</c>

00:15:58.990 --> 00:15:59.000 align:start position:0%
principle with a challenge period to be
 

00:15:59.000 --> 00:16:00.189 align:start position:0%
principle with a challenge period to be
like<00:15:59.079><c> if</c><00:15:59.160><c> you</c><00:15:59.279><c> have</c><00:15:59.360><c> a</c><00:15:59.480><c> shorter</c><00:15:59.839><c> challenge</c>

00:16:00.189 --> 00:16:00.199 align:start position:0%
like if you have a shorter challenge
 

00:16:00.199 --> 00:16:02.150 align:start position:0%
like if you have a shorter challenge
period<00:16:00.800><c> Your</c><00:16:00.959><c> settlement</c><00:16:01.440><c> will</c><00:16:01.600><c> be</c><00:16:01.720><c> faster</c>

00:16:02.150 --> 00:16:02.160 align:start position:0%
period Your settlement will be faster
 

00:16:02.160 --> 00:16:05.670 align:start position:0%
period Your settlement will be faster
but<00:16:02.319><c> you</c><00:16:02.519><c> sacrifice</c><00:16:03.240><c> safety</c><00:16:04.240><c> uh</c>

00:16:05.670 --> 00:16:05.680 align:start position:0%
but you sacrifice safety uh
 

00:16:05.680 --> 00:16:07.309 align:start position:0%
but you sacrifice safety uh
significantly

00:16:07.309 --> 00:16:07.319 align:start position:0%
significantly
 

00:16:07.319 --> 00:16:11.389 align:start position:0%
significantly
so<00:16:08.319><c> I</c><00:16:08.920><c> have</c><00:16:09.920><c> some</c><00:16:10.319><c> further</c><00:16:10.720><c> points</c><00:16:11.079><c> I</c><00:16:11.160><c> don't</c>

00:16:11.389 --> 00:16:11.399 align:start position:0%
so I have some further points I don't
 

00:16:11.399 --> 00:16:13.509 align:start position:0%
so I have some further points I don't
have<00:16:11.639><c> time</c><00:16:11.839><c> to</c><00:16:12.040><c> discuss</c><00:16:12.560><c> all</c><00:16:12.680><c> of</c>

00:16:13.509 --> 00:16:13.519 align:start position:0%
have time to discuss all of
 

00:16:13.519 --> 00:16:15.470 align:start position:0%
have time to discuss all of
them<00:16:14.519><c> uh</c>

00:16:15.470 --> 00:16:15.480 align:start position:0%
them uh
 

00:16:15.480 --> 00:16:18.110 align:start position:0%
them uh
but<00:16:16.480><c> one</c><00:16:16.720><c> point</c><00:16:17.000><c> is</c><00:16:17.279><c> is</c><00:16:17.440><c> there</c><00:16:17.600><c> any</c><00:16:17.800><c> way</c><00:16:17.959><c> to</c>

00:16:18.110 --> 00:16:18.120 align:start position:0%
but one point is is there any way to
 

00:16:18.120 --> 00:16:19.990 align:start position:0%
but one point is is there any way to
reduce<00:16:18.560><c> this</c><00:16:18.839><c> our</c><00:16:19.120><c> challenge</c><00:16:19.440><c> period</c><00:16:19.800><c> because</c>

00:16:19.990 --> 00:16:20.000 align:start position:0%
reduce this our challenge period because
 

00:16:20.000 --> 00:16:21.269 align:start position:0%
reduce this our challenge period because
right<00:16:20.160><c> now</c><00:16:20.279><c> it's</c><00:16:20.399><c> seven</c><00:16:20.639><c> days</c><00:16:20.839><c> for</c><00:16:21.000><c> all</c><00:16:21.120><c> of</c>

00:16:21.269 --> 00:16:21.279 align:start position:0%
right now it's seven days for all of
 

00:16:21.279 --> 00:16:24.269 align:start position:0%
right now it's seven days for all of
them<00:16:22.240><c> can</c><00:16:22.399><c> we</c><00:16:22.519><c> go</c><00:16:22.639><c> below</c><00:16:22.959><c> that</c><00:16:23.519><c> the</c><00:16:23.720><c> answer</c><00:16:24.000><c> is</c>

00:16:24.269 --> 00:16:24.279 align:start position:0%
them can we go below that the answer is
 

00:16:24.279 --> 00:16:27.269 align:start position:0%
them can we go below that the answer is
no<00:16:25.240><c> I</c><00:16:25.319><c> don't</c><00:16:25.560><c> think</c><00:16:25.759><c> it's</c><00:16:26.279><c> uh</c><00:16:26.399><c> we</c><00:16:26.480><c> can</c><00:16:26.639><c> do</c><00:16:26.920><c> this</c>

00:16:27.269 --> 00:16:27.279 align:start position:0%
no I don't think it's uh we can do this
 

00:16:27.279 --> 00:16:30.110 align:start position:0%
no I don't think it's uh we can do this
because<00:16:28.199><c> first</c><00:16:28.399><c> of</c><00:16:28.519><c> all</c><00:16:28.680><c> why</c><00:16:29.000><c> seven</c><00:16:29.279><c> days</c><00:16:30.000><c> the</c>

00:16:30.110 --> 00:16:30.120 align:start position:0%
because first of all why seven days the
 

00:16:30.120 --> 00:16:32.230 align:start position:0%
because first of all why seven days the
reason<00:16:30.399><c> is</c><00:16:30.560><c> to</c><00:16:30.759><c> protect</c><00:16:31.240><c> from</c><00:16:31.720><c> a</c><00:16:32.040><c> strong</c>

00:16:32.230 --> 00:16:32.240 align:start position:0%
reason is to protect from a strong
 

00:16:32.240 --> 00:16:34.710 align:start position:0%
reason is to protect from a strong
censorship<00:16:32.959><c> a</c><00:16:33.199><c> tu</c><00:16:33.360><c> on</c><00:16:33.519><c> ethereum</c><00:16:34.120><c> so</c><00:16:34.480><c> there</c><00:16:34.600><c> are</c>

00:16:34.710 --> 00:16:34.720 align:start position:0%
censorship a tu on ethereum so there are
 

00:16:34.720 --> 00:16:37.030 align:start position:0%
censorship a tu on ethereum so there are
two<00:16:34.880><c> type</c><00:16:35.040><c> of</c><00:16:35.519><c> censorship</c><00:16:36.160><c> that</c><00:16:36.240><c> you</c><00:16:36.360><c> can</c><00:16:36.560><c> have</c>

00:16:37.030 --> 00:16:37.040 align:start position:0%
two type of censorship that you can have
 

00:16:37.040 --> 00:16:39.069 align:start position:0%
two type of censorship that you can have
you<00:16:37.120><c> can</c><00:16:37.279><c> have</c><00:16:37.480><c> weak</c><00:16:37.720><c> censorship</c><00:16:38.519><c> or</c><00:16:38.839><c> strong</c>

00:16:39.069 --> 00:16:39.079 align:start position:0%
you can have weak censorship or strong
 

00:16:39.079 --> 00:16:41.509 align:start position:0%
you can have weak censorship or strong
censorship<00:16:40.079><c> weak</c><00:16:40.319><c> censorship</c><00:16:40.880><c> means</c><00:16:41.360><c> that</c>

00:16:41.509 --> 00:16:41.519 align:start position:0%
censorship weak censorship means that
 

00:16:41.519 --> 00:16:43.710 align:start position:0%
censorship weak censorship means that
you<00:16:41.720><c> have</c><00:16:42.040><c> a</c><00:16:42.160><c> certain</c><00:16:42.519><c> percent</c><00:16:43.120><c> percentage</c><00:16:43.560><c> of</c>

00:16:43.710 --> 00:16:43.720 align:start position:0%
you have a certain percent percentage of
 

00:16:43.720 --> 00:16:45.550 align:start position:0%
you have a certain percent percentage of
Builders<00:16:44.399><c> censoring</c>

00:16:45.550 --> 00:16:45.560 align:start position:0%
Builders censoring
 

00:16:45.560 --> 00:16:48.749 align:start position:0%
Builders censoring
transactions<00:16:46.560><c> you</c><00:16:46.720><c> know</c><00:16:47.000><c> like</c><00:16:47.240><c> as</c><00:16:47.360><c> a</c><00:16:47.519><c> context</c>

00:16:48.749 --> 00:16:48.759 align:start position:0%
transactions you know like as a context
 

00:16:48.759 --> 00:16:52.350 align:start position:0%
transactions you know like as a context
sensoring<00:16:49.759><c> uh</c><00:16:50.120><c> is</c><00:16:50.720><c> is</c><00:16:50.839><c> a</c><00:16:50.959><c> concern</c><00:16:51.480><c> because</c><00:16:52.079><c> if</c>

00:16:52.350 --> 00:16:52.360 align:start position:0%
sensoring uh is is a concern because if
 

00:16:52.360 --> 00:16:54.269 align:start position:0%
sensoring uh is is a concern because if
the<00:16:52.880><c> honest</c>

00:16:54.269 --> 00:16:54.279 align:start position:0%
the honest
 

00:16:54.279 --> 00:16:57.150 align:start position:0%
the honest
Challenger<00:16:55.279><c> is</c><00:16:55.519><c> censored</c><00:16:56.319><c> then</c><00:16:56.600><c> Val</c><00:16:56.759><c> State</c><00:16:56.959><c> R</c>

00:16:57.150 --> 00:16:57.160 align:start position:0%
Challenger is censored then Val State R
 

00:16:57.160 --> 00:16:58.990 align:start position:0%
Challenger is censored then Val State R
is<00:16:57.240><c> going</c><00:16:57.319><c> to</c><00:16:57.399><c> be</c><00:16:57.480><c> confirmed</c><00:16:57.920><c> right</c><00:16:58.440><c> so</c><00:16:58.680><c> if</c><00:16:58.880><c> if</c>

00:16:58.990 --> 00:16:59.000 align:start position:0%
is going to be confirmed right so if if
 

00:16:59.000 --> 00:17:00.949 align:start position:0%
is going to be confirmed right so if if
there<00:16:59.079><c> is</c><00:16:59.160><c> a</c><00:16:59.319><c> percentage</c><00:16:59.959><c> of</c><00:17:00.440><c> builders</c><00:17:00.839><c> that</c>

00:17:00.949 --> 00:17:00.959 align:start position:0%
there is a percentage of builders that
 

00:17:00.959 --> 00:17:01.870 align:start position:0%
there is a percentage of builders that
is

00:17:01.870 --> 00:17:01.880 align:start position:0%
is
 

00:17:01.880 --> 00:17:04.150 align:start position:0%
is
censoring<00:17:02.880><c> uh</c><00:17:03.319><c> this</c><00:17:03.480><c> is</c><00:17:03.600><c> not</c><00:17:03.759><c> really</c><00:17:03.959><c> a</c>

00:17:04.150 --> 00:17:04.160 align:start position:0%
censoring uh this is not really a
 

00:17:04.160 --> 00:17:05.669 align:start position:0%
censoring uh this is not really a
problem<00:17:04.439><c> because</c><00:17:04.679><c> you</c><00:17:04.839><c> still</c><00:17:05.120><c> have</c><00:17:05.280><c> a</c><00:17:05.439><c> high</c>

00:17:05.669 --> 00:17:05.679 align:start position:0%
problem because you still have a high
 

00:17:05.679 --> 00:17:08.029 align:start position:0%
problem because you still have a high
percentage<00:17:06.480><c> of</c><00:17:06.679><c> probability</c><00:17:07.679><c> a</c><00:17:07.839><c> high</c>

00:17:08.029 --> 00:17:08.039 align:start position:0%
percentage of probability a high
 

00:17:08.039 --> 00:17:10.110 align:start position:0%
percentage of probability a high
probability<00:17:08.480><c> of</c><00:17:08.600><c> getting</c><00:17:08.880><c> included</c><00:17:09.720><c> within</c>

00:17:10.110 --> 00:17:10.120 align:start position:0%
probability of getting included within
 

00:17:10.120 --> 00:17:12.350 align:start position:0%
probability of getting included within
you<00:17:10.240><c> know</c><00:17:10.360><c> a</c><00:17:10.439><c> short</c><00:17:10.679><c> amount</c><00:17:10.919><c> of</c><00:17:11.079><c> time</c><00:17:11.959><c> the</c><00:17:12.079><c> main</c>

00:17:12.350 --> 00:17:12.360 align:start position:0%
you know a short amount of time the main
 

00:17:12.360 --> 00:17:14.549 align:start position:0%
you know a short amount of time the main
problem<00:17:12.760><c> is</c><00:17:12.919><c> that</c><00:17:13.160><c> if</c><00:17:13.319><c> there</c><00:17:13.439><c> is</c><00:17:13.559><c> a</c><00:17:13.720><c> majority</c>

00:17:14.549 --> 00:17:14.559 align:start position:0%
problem is that if there is a majority
 

00:17:14.559 --> 00:17:18.549 align:start position:0%
problem is that if there is a majority
of<00:17:14.679><c> a</c><00:17:14.959><c> testers</c><00:17:15.799><c> like</c><00:17:16.039><c> 51%</c><00:17:16.919><c> of</c><00:17:17.039><c> a</c><00:17:17.199><c> tester</c>

00:17:18.549 --> 00:17:18.559 align:start position:0%
of a testers like 51% of a tester
 

00:17:18.559 --> 00:17:21.789 align:start position:0%
of a testers like 51% of a tester
sensoring<00:17:19.600><c> um</c><00:17:20.600><c> all</c><00:17:20.839><c> the</c><00:17:21.039><c> transactions</c><00:17:21.640><c> from</c>

00:17:21.789 --> 00:17:21.799 align:start position:0%
sensoring um all the transactions from
 

00:17:21.799 --> 00:17:24.270 align:start position:0%
sensoring um all the transactions from
the<00:17:21.919><c> honest</c><00:17:22.280><c> Defenders</c><00:17:23.000><c> will</c><00:17:23.199><c> be</c><00:17:23.640><c> excluded</c>

00:17:24.270 --> 00:17:24.280 align:start position:0%
the honest Defenders will be excluded
 

00:17:24.280 --> 00:17:27.429 align:start position:0%
the honest Defenders will be excluded
from<00:17:24.439><c> the</c><00:17:24.799><c> chain</c><00:17:25.799><c> so</c><00:17:26.199><c> now</c><00:17:26.439><c> we</c><00:17:26.559><c> will</c><00:17:26.760><c> need</c><00:17:26.959><c> to</c>

00:17:27.429 --> 00:17:27.439 align:start position:0%
from the chain so now we will need to
 

00:17:27.439 --> 00:17:31.669 align:start position:0%
from the chain so now we will need to
coordinate<00:17:28.280><c> an</c><00:17:28.520><c> hard</c><00:17:29.080><c> work</c><00:17:30.039><c> to</c><00:17:30.960><c> uh</c><00:17:31.080><c> hard</c><00:17:31.360><c> work</c>

00:17:31.669 --> 00:17:31.679 align:start position:0%
coordinate an hard work to uh hard work
 

00:17:31.679 --> 00:17:35.909 align:start position:0%
coordinate an hard work to uh hard work
away<00:17:32.679><c> uh</c><00:17:32.919><c> the</c><00:17:33.840><c> um</c><00:17:34.240><c> sensoring</c><00:17:34.960><c> validators</c>

00:17:35.909 --> 00:17:35.919 align:start position:0%
away uh the um sensoring validators
 

00:17:35.919 --> 00:17:38.669 align:start position:0%
away uh the um sensoring validators
right<00:17:36.440><c> and</c><00:17:37.000><c> we</c><00:17:37.160><c> agreed</c><00:17:37.760><c> a</c><00:17:37.880><c> while</c><00:17:38.080><c> ago</c><00:17:38.400><c> that</c><00:17:38.520><c> to</c>

00:17:38.669 --> 00:17:38.679 align:start position:0%
right and we agreed a while ago that to
 

00:17:38.679 --> 00:17:40.789 align:start position:0%
right and we agreed a while ago that to
do<00:17:38.880><c> this</c><00:17:39.120><c> to</c><00:17:39.480><c> like</c><00:17:39.679><c> coordinate</c><00:17:40.120><c> an</c><00:17:40.240><c> artwork</c><00:17:40.720><c> we</c>

00:17:40.789 --> 00:17:40.799 align:start position:0%
do this to like coordinate an artwork we
 

00:17:40.799 --> 00:17:44.669 align:start position:0%
do this to like coordinate an artwork we
needed<00:17:41.640><c> around</c><00:17:41.919><c> seven</c><00:17:42.360><c> days</c><00:17:43.200><c> so</c><00:17:43.799><c> if</c><00:17:44.320><c> your</c>

00:17:44.669 --> 00:17:44.679 align:start position:0%
needed around seven days so if your
 

00:17:44.679 --> 00:17:46.909 align:start position:0%
needed around seven days so if your
protol<00:17:45.679><c> um</c><00:17:45.880><c> uses</c><00:17:46.160><c> a</c><00:17:46.280><c> challenge</c><00:17:46.559><c> period</c><00:17:46.840><c> that</c>

00:17:46.909 --> 00:17:46.919 align:start position:0%
protol um uses a challenge period that
 

00:17:46.919 --> 00:17:49.230 align:start position:0%
protol um uses a challenge period that
is<00:17:47.039><c> less</c><00:17:47.240><c> than</c><00:17:47.400><c> seven</c><00:17:47.679><c> days</c><00:17:48.600><c> you</c><00:17:48.760><c> cannot</c>

00:17:49.230 --> 00:17:49.240 align:start position:0%
is less than seven days you cannot
 

00:17:49.240 --> 00:17:52.190 align:start position:0%
is less than seven days you cannot
protect<00:17:49.679><c> from</c><00:17:50.120><c> strong</c><00:17:50.280><c> censorship</c><00:17:51.200><c> attacks</c>

00:17:52.190 --> 00:17:52.200 align:start position:0%
protect from strong censorship attacks
 

00:17:52.200 --> 00:17:53.789 align:start position:0%
protect from strong censorship attacks
do<00:17:52.440><c> optimistic</c><00:17:52.880><c> rollups</c><00:17:53.200><c> make</c><00:17:53.360><c> sense</c><00:17:53.559><c> if</c><00:17:53.679><c> we</c>

00:17:53.789 --> 00:17:53.799 align:start position:0%
do optimistic rollups make sense if we
 

00:17:53.799 --> 00:17:57.070 align:start position:0%
do optimistic rollups make sense if we
have<00:17:53.919><c> ZK</c><00:17:54.760><c> I</c><00:17:54.880><c> think</c><00:17:55.039><c> they</c><00:17:55.320><c> do</c><00:17:56.320><c> uh</c><00:17:56.480><c> in</c><00:17:56.559><c> the</c><00:17:56.720><c> sense</c>

00:17:57.070 --> 00:17:57.080 align:start position:0%
have ZK I think they do uh in the sense
 

00:17:57.080 --> 00:17:59.190 align:start position:0%
have ZK I think they do uh in the sense
that<00:17:57.760><c> um</c><00:17:58.039><c> you</c><00:17:58.159><c> cannot</c><00:17:58.440><c> be</c><00:17:58.559><c> cheap</c><00:17:58.919><c> ER</c><00:17:59.000><c> than</c><00:17:59.080><c> an</c>

00:17:59.190 --> 00:17:59.200 align:start position:0%
that um you cannot be cheap ER than an
 

00:17:59.200 --> 00:18:00.909 align:start position:0%
that um you cannot be cheap ER than an
optimistic<00:17:59.600><c> rollup</c><00:17:59.960><c> in</c><00:18:00.039><c> the</c><00:18:00.159><c> happy</c><00:18:00.440><c> case</c><00:18:00.799><c> you</c>

00:18:00.909 --> 00:18:00.919 align:start position:0%
optimistic rollup in the happy case you
 

00:18:00.919 --> 00:18:04.230 align:start position:0%
optimistic rollup in the happy case you
will<00:18:01.120><c> not</c><00:18:02.080><c> uh</c><00:18:02.600><c> you</c><00:18:02.720><c> don't</c><00:18:02.960><c> have</c><00:18:03.200><c> costs</c><00:18:03.919><c> apart</c>

00:18:04.230 --> 00:18:04.240 align:start position:0%
will not uh you don't have costs apart
 

00:18:04.240 --> 00:18:06.070 align:start position:0%
will not uh you don't have costs apart
of<00:18:04.440><c> you</c><00:18:04.520><c> know</c><00:18:04.720><c> the</c><00:18:05.000><c> bare</c><00:18:05.320><c> execution</c><00:18:05.799><c> of</c><00:18:05.919><c> your</c>

00:18:06.070 --> 00:18:06.080 align:start position:0%
of you know the bare execution of your
 

00:18:06.080 --> 00:18:07.830 align:start position:0%
of you know the bare execution of your
state<00:18:06.320><c> transation</c><00:18:06.640><c> function</c><00:18:07.000><c> you</c><00:18:07.120><c> don't</c><00:18:07.360><c> have</c>

00:18:07.830 --> 00:18:07.840 align:start position:0%
state transation function you don't have
 

00:18:07.840 --> 00:18:10.750 align:start position:0%
state transation function you don't have
the<00:18:08.080><c> proof</c><00:18:08.360><c> generation</c><00:18:09.280><c> cost</c><00:18:10.280><c> um</c><00:18:10.520><c> your</c>

00:18:10.750 --> 00:18:10.760 align:start position:0%
the proof generation cost um your
 

00:18:10.760 --> 00:18:14.350 align:start position:0%
the proof generation cost um your
throughput<00:18:11.440><c> is</c><00:18:11.679><c> you</c><00:18:11.799><c> know</c><00:18:12.000><c> the</c><00:18:12.159><c> same</c><00:18:12.440><c> as</c><00:18:13.159><c> um</c><00:18:14.159><c> as</c>

00:18:14.350 --> 00:18:14.360 align:start position:0%
throughput is you know the same as um as
 

00:18:14.360 --> 00:18:17.669 align:start position:0%
throughput is you know the same as um as
the<00:18:14.520><c> as</c><00:18:14.640><c> the</c><00:18:14.840><c> machine</c><00:18:15.880><c> and</c><00:18:16.880><c> uh</c><00:18:17.039><c> well</c><00:18:17.200><c> in</c><00:18:17.360><c> zik</c>

00:18:17.669 --> 00:18:17.679 align:start position:0%
the as the machine and uh well in zik
 

00:18:17.679 --> 00:18:19.310 align:start position:0%
the as the machine and uh well in zik
you<00:18:17.760><c> can</c><00:18:17.919><c> parallelize</c><00:18:18.480><c> proof</c><00:18:18.760><c> generation</c><00:18:19.200><c> and</c>

00:18:19.310 --> 00:18:19.320 align:start position:0%
you can parallelize proof generation and
 

00:18:19.320 --> 00:18:20.669 align:start position:0%
you can parallelize proof generation and
so<00:18:19.480><c> on</c><00:18:19.640><c> but</c><00:18:19.799><c> like</c><00:18:19.960><c> there</c><00:18:20.039><c> are</c><00:18:20.280><c> also</c>

00:18:20.669 --> 00:18:20.679 align:start position:0%
so on but like there are also
 

00:18:20.679 --> 00:18:22.590 align:start position:0%
so on but like there are also
centralization<00:18:21.400><c> concerns</c><00:18:21.919><c> so</c><00:18:22.080><c> like</c><00:18:22.360><c> you</c><00:18:22.480><c> want</c>

00:18:22.590 --> 00:18:22.600 align:start position:0%
centralization concerns so like you want
 

00:18:22.600 --> 00:18:23.990 align:start position:0%
centralization concerns so like you want
to<00:18:22.840><c> exit</c><00:18:23.159><c> from</c><00:18:23.320><c> a</c>

00:18:23.990 --> 00:18:24.000 align:start position:0%
to exit from a
 

00:18:24.000 --> 00:18:26.909 align:start position:0%
to exit from a
rollup<00:18:25.000><c> uh</c><00:18:25.240><c> not</c><00:18:25.520><c> everyone</c><00:18:25.960><c> has</c><00:18:26.159><c> the</c><00:18:26.360><c> hardware</c>

00:18:26.909 --> 00:18:26.919 align:start position:0%
rollup uh not everyone has the hardware
 

00:18:26.919 --> 00:18:31.110 align:start position:0%
rollup uh not everyone has the hardware
or<00:18:27.159><c> the</c><00:18:27.360><c> like</c><00:18:27.720><c> ZK</c><00:18:28.159><c> ax</c><00:18:29.000><c> uh</c><00:18:29.120><c> to</c><00:18:29.960><c> uh</c><00:18:30.080><c> to</c><00:18:30.240><c> prove</c><00:18:30.880><c> uh</c><00:18:31.000><c> a</c>

00:18:31.110 --> 00:18:31.120 align:start position:0%
or the like ZK ax uh to uh to prove uh a
 

00:18:31.120 --> 00:18:32.789 align:start position:0%
or the like ZK ax uh to uh to prove uh a
lot<00:18:31.280><c> of</c><00:18:31.400><c> blocks</c><00:18:31.720><c> by</c><00:18:31.960><c> themselves</c><00:18:32.240><c> if</c><00:18:32.360><c> they're</c>

00:18:32.789 --> 00:18:32.799 align:start position:0%
lot of blocks by themselves if they're
 

00:18:32.799 --> 00:18:35.110 align:start position:0%
lot of blocks by themselves if they're
censored<00:18:33.799><c> uh</c><00:18:33.880><c> so</c><00:18:34.080><c> optimistic</c><00:18:34.520><c> rollups</c><00:18:34.960><c> have</c>

00:18:35.110 --> 00:18:35.120 align:start position:0%
censored uh so optimistic rollups have
 

00:18:35.120 --> 00:18:38.310 align:start position:0%
censored uh so optimistic rollups have
these<00:18:35.240><c> nicer</c><00:18:36.000><c> properties</c><00:18:37.000><c> but</c><00:18:37.880><c> um</c><00:18:38.080><c> should</c>

00:18:38.310 --> 00:18:38.320 align:start position:0%
these nicer properties but um should
 

00:18:38.320 --> 00:18:42.149 align:start position:0%
these nicer properties but um should
more<00:18:38.559><c> project</c><00:18:38.880><c> be</c><00:18:39.320><c> ZK</c><00:18:40.320><c> I</c><00:18:40.600><c> I</c><00:18:40.760><c> think</c><00:18:41.080><c> so</c><00:18:41.760><c> I</c><00:18:41.840><c> think</c>

00:18:42.149 --> 00:18:42.159 align:start position:0%
more project be ZK I I think so I think
 

00:18:42.159 --> 00:18:44.190 align:start position:0%
more project be ZK I I think so I think
the<00:18:42.280><c> answer</c><00:18:42.520><c> is</c><00:18:42.720><c> yes</c><00:18:43.000><c> in</c><00:18:43.120><c> the</c><00:18:43.240><c> sense</c>

00:18:44.190 --> 00:18:44.200 align:start position:0%
the answer is yes in the sense
 

00:18:44.200 --> 00:18:48.669 align:start position:0%
the answer is yes in the sense
that<00:18:45.200><c> um</c><00:18:46.120><c> if</c><00:18:47.120><c> like</c><00:18:47.360><c> most</c><00:18:47.559><c> of</c><00:18:47.679><c> the</c><00:18:47.799><c> AL</c><00:18:48.240><c> today</c>

00:18:48.669 --> 00:18:48.679 align:start position:0%
that um if like most of the AL today
 

00:18:48.679 --> 00:18:50.390 align:start position:0%
that um if like most of the AL today
like<00:18:48.960><c> you</c><00:18:49.080><c> know</c><00:18:49.400><c> we</c><00:18:49.559><c> have</c><00:18:49.679><c> alus</c><00:18:50.159><c> we</c><00:18:50.280><c> have</c>

00:18:50.390 --> 00:18:50.400 align:start position:0%
like you know we have alus we have
 

00:18:50.400 --> 00:18:52.230 align:start position:0%
like you know we have alus we have
scalability<00:18:51.280><c> the</c><00:18:51.440><c> problem</c><00:18:51.679><c> that</c><00:18:51.799><c> alus</c>

00:18:52.230 --> 00:18:52.240 align:start position:0%
scalability the problem that alus
 

00:18:52.240 --> 00:18:55.549 align:start position:0%
scalability the problem that alus
created<00:18:52.600><c> is</c><00:18:53.480><c> uh</c><00:18:54.080><c> fragmentation</c><00:18:55.080><c> most</c><00:18:55.280><c> of</c><00:18:55.440><c> the</c>

00:18:55.549 --> 00:18:55.559 align:start position:0%
created is uh fragmentation most of the
 

00:18:55.559 --> 00:18:58.830 align:start position:0%
created is uh fragmentation most of the
al2s<00:18:56.120><c> want</c><00:18:56.360><c> to</c><00:18:56.679><c> to</c><00:18:56.840><c> fix</c><00:18:57.080><c> fragmentation</c>

00:18:58.830 --> 00:18:58.840 align:start position:0%
al2s want to to fix fragmentation
 

00:18:58.840 --> 00:19:00.029 align:start position:0%
al2s want to to fix fragmentation
can<00:18:59.000><c> you</c><00:18:59.120><c> fix</c><00:18:59.679><c> can</c><00:18:59.799><c> you</c><00:18:59.919><c> have</c>

00:19:00.029 --> 00:19:00.039 align:start position:0%
can you fix can you have
 

00:19:00.039 --> 00:19:02.029 align:start position:0%
can you fix can you have
interoperability<00:19:00.960><c> with</c><00:19:01.480><c> a</c><00:19:01.640><c> seven</c><00:19:01.880><c> days</c>

00:19:02.029 --> 00:19:02.039 align:start position:0%
interoperability with a seven days
 

00:19:02.039 --> 00:19:04.029 align:start position:0%
interoperability with a seven days
challenge<00:19:02.400><c> period</c><00:19:02.720><c> I</c><00:19:02.799><c> don't</c><00:19:03.000><c> think</c><00:19:03.159><c> so</c><00:19:03.640><c> so</c>

00:19:04.029 --> 00:19:04.039 align:start position:0%
challenge period I don't think so so
 

00:19:04.039 --> 00:19:06.270 align:start position:0%
challenge period I don't think so so
every<00:19:04.520><c> project</c><00:19:05.080><c> that</c>

00:19:06.270 --> 00:19:06.280 align:start position:0%
every project that
 

00:19:06.280 --> 00:19:08.830 align:start position:0%
every project that
aims<00:19:07.280><c> uh</c><00:19:07.520><c> at</c><00:19:07.720><c> being</c><00:19:08.000><c> interoperable</c><00:19:08.600><c> with</c><00:19:08.720><c> all</c>

00:19:08.830 --> 00:19:08.840 align:start position:0%
aims uh at being interoperable with all
 

00:19:08.840 --> 00:19:10.950 align:start position:0%
aims uh at being interoperable with all
the<00:19:08.960><c> others</c><00:19:09.640><c> I</c><00:19:09.760><c> think</c><00:19:09.919><c> this</c><00:19:10.039><c> should</c><00:19:10.159><c> be</c><00:19:10.320><c> ZK</c><00:19:10.799><c> for</c>

00:19:10.950 --> 00:19:10.960 align:start position:0%
the others I think this should be ZK for
 

00:19:10.960 --> 00:19:12.190 align:start position:0%
the others I think this should be ZK for
all<00:19:11.080><c> the</c><00:19:11.200><c> other</c><00:19:11.360><c> use</c><00:19:11.679><c> cases</c><00:19:11.960><c> if</c><00:19:12.080><c> you're</c>

00:19:12.190 --> 00:19:12.200 align:start position:0%
all the other use cases if you're
 

00:19:12.200 --> 00:19:14.350 align:start position:0%
all the other use cases if you're
building<00:19:12.480><c> a</c><00:19:12.679><c> game</c><00:19:13.159><c> you</c><00:19:13.280><c> don't</c><00:19:13.520><c> need</c>

00:19:14.350 --> 00:19:14.360 align:start position:0%
building a game you don't need
 

00:19:14.360 --> 00:19:16.310 align:start position:0%
building a game you don't need
interoperability<00:19:15.360><c> I</c><00:19:15.480><c> think</c>

00:19:16.310 --> 00:19:16.320 align:start position:0%
interoperability I think
 

00:19:16.320 --> 00:19:20.029 align:start position:0%
interoperability I think
optimistic<00:19:17.320><c> uh</c><00:19:17.559><c> the</c><00:19:17.679><c> optimistic</c><00:19:18.159><c> approach</c><00:19:19.039><c> is</c>

00:19:20.029 --> 00:19:20.039 align:start position:0%
optimistic uh the optimistic approach is
 

00:19:20.039 --> 00:19:30.430 align:start position:0%
optimistic uh the optimistic approach is
is<00:19:20.640><c> uh</c><00:19:21.000><c> great</c><00:19:22.000><c> so</c><00:19:22.840><c> that's</c><00:19:23.039><c> it</c><00:19:23.880><c> thank</c><00:19:24.080><c> you</c>

00:19:30.430 --> 00:19:30.440 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:19:30.440 --> 00:19:32.430 align:start position:0%
 
wow<00:19:30.679><c> committing</c><00:19:31.000><c> fraud</c><00:19:31.280><c> is</c><00:19:31.679><c> uh</c><00:19:32.120><c> really</c>

00:19:32.430 --> 00:19:32.440 align:start position:0%
wow committing fraud is uh really
 

00:19:32.440 --> 00:19:33.669 align:start position:0%
wow committing fraud is uh really
complicated<00:19:32.919><c> I</c><00:19:33.039><c> thought</c><00:19:33.159><c> you</c><00:19:33.320><c> just</c><00:19:33.440><c> you</c><00:19:33.559><c> know</c>

00:19:33.669 --> 00:19:33.679 align:start position:0%
complicated I thought you just you know
 

00:19:33.679 --> 00:19:35.830 align:start position:0%
complicated I thought you just you know
signed<00:19:33.960><c> a</c><00:19:34.039><c> different</c><00:19:34.240><c> name</c><00:19:34.400><c> on</c><00:19:34.520><c> the</c><00:19:34.679><c> check</c><00:19:35.640><c> so</c>

00:19:35.830 --> 00:19:35.840 align:start position:0%
signed a different name on the check so
 

00:19:35.840 --> 00:19:38.149 align:start position:0%
signed a different name on the check so
we<00:19:35.960><c> got</c><00:19:36.120><c> some</c><00:19:36.400><c> questions</c><00:19:36.880><c> from</c><00:19:37.039><c> the</c><00:19:37.159><c> audience</c>

00:19:38.149 --> 00:19:38.159 align:start position:0%
we got some questions from the audience
 

00:19:38.159 --> 00:19:39.510 align:start position:0%
we got some questions from the audience
and<00:19:38.360><c> uh</c><00:19:38.480><c> the</c><00:19:38.559><c> first</c><00:19:38.760><c> one</c><00:19:38.880><c> up</c><00:19:39.039><c> there</c><00:19:39.159><c> I</c><00:19:39.240><c> saw</c><00:19:39.400><c> this</c>

00:19:39.510 --> 00:19:39.520 align:start position:0%
and uh the first one up there I saw this
 

00:19:39.520 --> 00:19:41.590 align:start position:0%
and uh the first one up there I saw this
one<00:19:39.640><c> going</c><00:19:39.840><c> up</c><00:19:39.960><c> it's</c><00:19:40.159><c> really</c><00:19:40.440><c> interesting</c><00:19:41.440><c> in</c>

00:19:41.590 --> 00:19:41.600 align:start position:0%
one going up it's really interesting in
 

00:19:41.600 --> 00:19:43.590 align:start position:0%
one going up it's really interesting in
all<00:19:41.840><c> optimistic</c><00:19:42.320><c> l2s</c><00:19:42.880><c> how</c><00:19:43.000><c> many</c><00:19:43.200><c> times</c><00:19:43.440><c> has</c>

00:19:43.590 --> 00:19:43.600 align:start position:0%
all optimistic l2s how many times has
 

00:19:43.600 --> 00:19:45.710 align:start position:0%
all optimistic l2s how many times has
there<00:19:43.760><c> been</c><00:19:43.880><c> a</c><00:19:44.000><c> fraud</c><00:19:44.440><c> actually</c><00:19:44.880><c> reported</c><00:19:45.400><c> and</c>

00:19:45.710 --> 00:19:45.720 align:start position:0%
there been a fraud actually reported and
 

00:19:45.720 --> 00:19:46.950 align:start position:0%
there been a fraud actually reported and
acted

00:19:46.950 --> 00:19:46.960 align:start position:0%
acted
 

00:19:46.960 --> 00:19:50.070 align:start position:0%
acted
upon<00:19:47.960><c> uh</c><00:19:48.159><c> we</c><00:19:48.400><c> actually</c><00:19:48.840><c> have</c><00:19:49.039><c> a</c><00:19:49.159><c> few</c><00:19:49.440><c> examples</c>

00:19:50.070 --> 00:19:50.080 align:start position:0%
upon uh we actually have a few examples
 

00:19:50.080 --> 00:19:54.510 align:start position:0%
upon uh we actually have a few examples
of<00:19:50.240><c> FR</c><00:19:50.600><c> proofs</c><00:19:50.960><c> happening</c><00:19:51.640><c> on</c><00:19:52.320><c> chain</c><00:19:53.320><c> uh</c><00:19:53.679><c> but</c>

00:19:54.510 --> 00:19:54.520 align:start position:0%
of FR proofs happening on chain uh but
 

00:19:54.520 --> 00:19:57.750 align:start position:0%
of FR proofs happening on chain uh but
those<00:19:54.720><c> FR</c><00:19:55.000><c> proofs</c><00:19:55.280><c> are</c><00:19:55.440><c> not</c><00:19:55.640><c> the</c><00:19:55.840><c> result</c><00:19:56.600><c> of</c><00:19:57.520><c> uh</c>

00:19:57.750 --> 00:19:57.760 align:start position:0%
those FR proofs are not the result of uh
 

00:19:57.760 --> 00:19:59.830 align:start position:0%
those FR proofs are not the result of uh
people<00:19:58.080><c> being</c><00:19:58.280><c> Malayan</c><00:19:59.080><c> most</c><00:19:59.240><c> of</c><00:19:59.360><c> the</c><00:19:59.520><c> time</c>

00:19:59.830 --> 00:19:59.840 align:start position:0%
people being Malayan most of the time
 

00:19:59.840 --> 00:20:01.990 align:start position:0%
people being Malayan most of the time
was<00:20:00.200><c> just</c><00:20:00.640><c> that</c><00:20:00.760><c> there</c><00:20:00.919><c> were</c><00:20:01.120><c> some</c><00:20:01.320><c> validators</c>

00:20:01.990 --> 00:20:02.000 align:start position:0%
was just that there were some validators
 

00:20:02.000 --> 00:20:04.190 align:start position:0%
was just that there were some validators
some<00:20:02.240><c> nodes</c><00:20:02.919><c> that</c><00:20:03.120><c> didn't</c><00:20:03.520><c> upgrade</c><00:20:03.960><c> their</c>

00:20:04.190 --> 00:20:04.200 align:start position:0%
some nodes that didn't upgrade their
 

00:20:04.200 --> 00:20:07.230 align:start position:0%
some nodes that didn't upgrade their
software<00:20:05.080><c> so</c><00:20:05.480><c> they</c><00:20:05.640><c> saw</c>

00:20:07.230 --> 00:20:07.240 align:start position:0%
software so they saw
 

00:20:07.240 --> 00:20:09.669 align:start position:0%
software so they saw
a<00:20:08.240><c> a</c><00:20:08.480><c> like</c><00:20:08.600><c> an</c><00:20:08.799><c> invalid</c><00:20:09.120><c> State</c><00:20:09.320><c> rout</c><00:20:09.520><c> because</c>

00:20:09.669 --> 00:20:09.679 align:start position:0%
a a like an invalid State rout because
 

00:20:09.679 --> 00:20:11.470 align:start position:0%
a a like an invalid State rout because
they<00:20:09.799><c> were</c><00:20:09.919><c> running</c><00:20:10.240><c> on</c><00:20:10.400><c> a</c><00:20:10.919><c> on</c><00:20:11.039><c> a</c><00:20:11.159><c> previous</c>

00:20:11.470 --> 00:20:11.480 align:start position:0%
they were running on a on a previous
 

00:20:11.480 --> 00:20:13.390 align:start position:0%
they were running on a on a previous
version<00:20:11.919><c> this</c><00:20:12.039><c> has</c><00:20:12.240><c> happened</c><00:20:12.520><c> in</c><00:20:12.640><c> chroma</c><00:20:13.280><c> I</c>

00:20:13.390 --> 00:20:13.400 align:start position:0%
version this has happened in chroma I
 

00:20:13.400 --> 00:20:16.990 align:start position:0%
version this has happened in chroma I
think<00:20:14.280><c> it</c><00:20:14.440><c> has</c><00:20:14.799><c> happened</c><00:20:15.520><c> in</c><00:20:16.159><c> a</c><00:20:16.360><c> Kinto</c>

00:20:16.990 --> 00:20:17.000 align:start position:0%
think it has happened in a Kinto
 

00:20:17.000 --> 00:20:19.070 align:start position:0%
think it has happened in a Kinto
recently<00:20:17.480><c> which</c><00:20:17.600><c> is</c><00:20:17.679><c> an</c><00:20:17.840><c> orbit</c><00:20:18.400><c> stock</c><00:20:18.880><c> like</c><00:20:19.000><c> an</c>

00:20:19.070 --> 00:20:19.080 align:start position:0%
recently which is an orbit stock like an
 

00:20:19.080 --> 00:20:21.510 align:start position:0%
recently which is an orbit stock like an
orbit<00:20:19.640><c> Fork</c>

00:20:21.510 --> 00:20:21.520 align:start position:0%
orbit Fork
 

00:20:21.520 --> 00:20:25.669 align:start position:0%
orbit Fork
so<00:20:22.520><c> another</c><00:20:23.000><c> example</c><00:20:23.440><c> that</c><00:20:23.559><c> is</c><00:20:24.000><c> a</c><00:20:24.080><c> fun</c><00:20:24.360><c> one</c><00:20:24.880><c> is</c>

00:20:25.669 --> 00:20:25.679 align:start position:0%
so another example that is a fun one is
 

00:20:25.679 --> 00:20:30.310 align:start position:0%
so another example that is a fun one is
uh<00:20:25.799><c> on</c><00:20:25.960><c> fuel</c><00:20:26.280><c> V1</c><00:20:27.280><c> we</c><00:20:27.640><c> Tobit</c><00:20:28.360><c> try</c><00:20:28.840><c> to</c><00:20:29.200><c> steal</c>

00:20:30.310 --> 00:20:30.320 align:start position:0%
uh on fuel V1 we Tobit try to steal
 

00:20:30.320 --> 00:20:34.789 align:start position:0%
uh on fuel V1 we Tobit try to steal
$8<00:20:31.320><c> by</c><00:20:32.000><c> from</c><00:20:32.240><c> fuel</c><00:20:32.799><c> V1</c><00:20:33.799><c> and</c><00:20:33.919><c> you</c><00:20:34.000><c> know</c><00:20:34.120><c> Fu</c><00:20:34.320><c> V1</c><00:20:34.640><c> is</c>

00:20:34.789 --> 00:20:34.799 align:start position:0%
$8 by from fuel V1 and you know Fu V1 is
 

00:20:34.799 --> 00:20:37.470 align:start position:0%
$8 by from fuel V1 and you know Fu V1 is
this<00:20:34.960><c> up</c><00:20:35.240><c> specific</c><00:20:35.679><c> rollup</c><00:20:36.520><c> that</c><00:20:36.840><c> is</c><00:20:37.159><c> no</c><00:20:37.280><c> one</c>

00:20:37.470 --> 00:20:37.480 align:start position:0%
this up specific rollup that is no one
 

00:20:37.480 --> 00:20:39.390 align:start position:0%
this up specific rollup that is no one
uses<00:20:37.880><c> basically</c><00:20:38.240><c> there's</c><00:20:38.480><c> no</c><00:20:38.679><c> activity</c><00:20:39.159><c> so</c>

00:20:39.390 --> 00:20:39.400 align:start position:0%
uses basically there's no activity so
 

00:20:39.400 --> 00:20:41.590 align:start position:0%
uses basically there's no activity so
like<00:20:39.679><c> we</c><00:20:39.840><c> wanted</c><00:20:40.080><c> to</c><00:20:40.200><c> see</c><00:20:40.480><c> whether</c><00:20:41.320><c> uh</c><00:20:41.440><c> there</c>

00:20:41.590 --> 00:20:41.600 align:start position:0%
like we wanted to see whether uh there
 

00:20:41.600 --> 00:20:44.909 align:start position:0%
like we wanted to see whether uh there
was<00:20:41.880><c> anyone</c><00:20:42.600><c> uh</c><00:20:42.760><c> trying</c><00:20:43.240><c> to</c><00:20:44.240><c> uh</c><00:20:44.440><c> defend</c><00:20:44.799><c> the</c>

00:20:44.909 --> 00:20:44.919 align:start position:0%
was anyone uh trying to uh defend the
 

00:20:44.919 --> 00:20:47.870 align:start position:0%
was anyone uh trying to uh defend the
chain<00:20:45.240><c> even</c><00:20:45.559><c> if</c><00:20:46.440><c> even</c><00:20:46.640><c> if</c><00:20:46.760><c> it</c><00:20:46.919><c> was</c><00:20:47.120><c> not</c><00:20:47.360><c> used</c>

00:20:47.870 --> 00:20:47.880 align:start position:0%
chain even if even if it was not used
 

00:20:47.880 --> 00:20:51.110 align:start position:0%
chain even if even if it was not used
the<00:20:48.000><c> bone</c><00:20:48.320><c> size</c><00:20:48.520><c> was</c><00:20:48.679><c> 0.5</c><00:20:49.440><c> e</c><00:20:49.919><c> we</c><00:20:50.080><c> lost</c><00:20:50.799><c> so</c><00:20:50.960><c> like</c>

00:20:51.110 --> 00:20:51.120 align:start position:0%
the bone size was 0.5 e we lost so like
 

00:20:51.120 --> 00:20:54.590 align:start position:0%
the bone size was 0.5 e we lost so like
all<00:20:51.280><c> the</c><00:20:51.400><c> tvl</c><00:20:51.880><c> in</c><00:20:52.000><c> fuel</c><00:20:52.559><c> V1</c><00:20:53.559><c> uh</c><00:20:53.880><c> it's</c><00:20:54.120><c> like</c><00:20:54.320><c> our</c>

00:20:54.590 --> 00:20:54.600 align:start position:0%
all the tvl in fuel V1 uh it's like our
 

00:20:54.600 --> 00:20:56.350 align:start position:0%
all the tvl in fuel V1 uh it's like our
funds<00:20:55.159><c> and</c><00:20:55.320><c> because</c><00:20:55.600><c> there</c><00:20:55.760><c> was</c><00:20:55.960><c> someone</c>

00:20:56.350 --> 00:20:56.360 align:start position:0%
funds and because there was someone
 

00:20:56.360 --> 00:20:59.110 align:start position:0%
funds and because there was someone
watching<00:20:57.039><c> indeed</c><00:20:58.039><c> yeah</c><00:20:58.200><c> that</c><00:20:58.320><c> f</c><00:20:58.760><c> one</c><00:20:58.880><c> story</c><00:20:59.080><c> is</c>

00:20:59.110 --> 00:20:59.120 align:start position:0%
watching indeed yeah that f one story is
 

00:20:59.120 --> 00:21:01.190 align:start position:0%
watching indeed yeah that f one story is
going<00:20:59.200><c> to</c><00:20:59.240><c> be</c><00:20:59.320><c> the</c><00:20:59.400><c> stuff</c><00:20:59.600><c> a</c><00:20:59.799><c> legend</c><00:21:00.799><c> uh</c><00:21:00.960><c> next</c>

00:21:01.190 --> 00:21:01.200 align:start position:0%
going to be the stuff a legend uh next
 

00:21:01.200 --> 00:21:03.310 align:start position:0%
going to be the stuff a legend uh next
question<00:21:02.200><c> can't</c><00:21:02.440><c> the</c><00:21:02.559><c> Challenger</c><00:21:03.120><c> just</c>

00:21:03.310 --> 00:21:03.320 align:start position:0%
question can't the Challenger just
 

00:21:03.320 --> 00:21:05.070 align:start position:0%
question can't the Challenger just
challenge<00:21:03.720><c> the</c><00:21:03.880><c> first</c><00:21:04.120><c> wrong</c><00:21:04.440><c> State</c><00:21:04.720><c> Route</c>

00:21:05.070 --> 00:21:05.080 align:start position:0%
challenge the first wrong State Route
 

00:21:05.080 --> 00:21:07.430 align:start position:0%
challenge the first wrong State Route
hence<00:21:05.360><c> invalidating</c><00:21:06.080><c> All</c><00:21:06.280><c> State</c><00:21:06.600><c> roots</c><00:21:07.320><c> that</c>

00:21:07.430 --> 00:21:07.440 align:start position:0%
hence invalidating All State roots that
 

00:21:07.440 --> 00:21:12.990 align:start position:0%
hence invalidating All State roots that
are<00:21:07.640><c> proposed</c><00:21:08.200><c> after</c><00:21:09.159><c> by</c><00:21:09.320><c> the</c>

00:21:12.990 --> 00:21:13.000 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:21:13.000 --> 00:21:14.250 align:start position:0%
 
proposer

00:21:14.250 --> 00:21:14.260 align:start position:0%
proposer
 

00:21:14.260 --> 00:21:17.470 align:start position:0%
proposer
[Music]

00:21:17.470 --> 00:21:17.480 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:21:17.480 --> 00:21:20.630 align:start position:0%
 
um<00:21:18.480><c> well</c><00:21:19.080><c> it</c><00:21:19.200><c> depends</c><00:21:19.520><c> on</c><00:21:19.640><c> the</c><00:21:19.799><c> protocol</c><00:21:20.400><c> like</c>

00:21:20.630 --> 00:21:20.640 align:start position:0%
um well it depends on the protocol like
 

00:21:20.640 --> 00:21:22.870 align:start position:0%
um well it depends on the protocol like
most<00:21:20.840><c> of</c><00:21:21.000><c> the</c><00:21:21.159><c> protocols</c><00:21:21.799><c> like</c><00:21:21.960><c> optimism</c>

00:21:22.870 --> 00:21:22.880 align:start position:0%
most of the protocols like optimism
 

00:21:22.880 --> 00:21:25.750 align:start position:0%
most of the protocols like optimism
today<00:21:23.880><c> um</c><00:21:24.279><c> all</c><00:21:24.520><c> the</c><00:21:24.679><c> state</c><00:21:25.000><c> roots</c><00:21:25.440><c> are</c>

00:21:25.750 --> 00:21:25.760 align:start position:0%
today um all the state roots are
 

00:21:25.760 --> 00:21:27.830 align:start position:0%
today um all the state roots are
independent<00:21:26.600><c> so</c><00:21:26.799><c> like</c><00:21:26.960><c> invalidating</c><00:21:27.640><c> one</c>

00:21:27.830 --> 00:21:27.840 align:start position:0%
independent so like invalidating one
 

00:21:27.840 --> 00:21:30.390 align:start position:0%
independent so like invalidating one
state<00:21:28.159><c> roots</c><00:21:28.840><c> do</c><00:21:29.400><c> doesn't</c>

00:21:30.390 --> 00:21:30.400 align:start position:0%
state roots do doesn't
 

00:21:30.400 --> 00:21:33.190 align:start position:0%
state roots do doesn't
invalidate<00:21:31.400><c> all</c><00:21:31.559><c> of</c><00:21:31.679><c> the</c><00:21:31.799><c> others</c><00:21:32.520><c> but</c><00:21:32.799><c> also</c>

00:21:33.190 --> 00:21:33.200 align:start position:0%
invalidate all of the others but also
 

00:21:33.200 --> 00:21:36.549 align:start position:0%
invalidate all of the others but also
like<00:21:33.520><c> you</c><00:21:33.640><c> need</c><00:21:33.840><c> to</c><00:21:34.480><c> allow</c><00:21:35.480><c> uh</c><00:21:35.640><c> multiple</c>

00:21:36.549 --> 00:21:36.559 align:start position:0%
like you need to allow uh multiple
 

00:21:36.559 --> 00:21:39.870 align:start position:0%
like you need to allow uh multiple
proposals<00:21:37.440><c> to</c><00:21:37.640><c> be</c><00:21:38.320><c> uh</c><00:21:38.520><c> sent</c><00:21:39.159><c> for</c><00:21:39.360><c> the</c><00:21:39.480><c> same</c>

00:21:39.870 --> 00:21:39.880 align:start position:0%
proposals to be uh sent for the same
 

00:21:39.880 --> 00:21:42.950 align:start position:0%
proposals to be uh sent for the same
state<00:21:40.520><c> right</c><00:21:40.720><c> because</c><00:21:41.279><c> like</c><00:21:42.279><c> it's</c><00:21:42.480><c> not</c><00:21:42.720><c> just</c>

00:21:42.950 --> 00:21:42.960 align:start position:0%
state right because like it's not just
 

00:21:42.960 --> 00:21:44.950 align:start position:0%
state right because like it's not just
that<00:21:43.520><c> state</c><00:21:43.760><c> roots</c><00:21:44.000><c> are</c><00:21:44.159><c> sequential</c><00:21:44.720><c> it</c><00:21:44.799><c> could</c>

00:21:44.950 --> 00:21:44.960 align:start position:0%
that state roots are sequential it could
 

00:21:44.960 --> 00:21:46.789 align:start position:0%
that state roots are sequential it could
be<00:21:45.120><c> that</c><00:21:45.279><c> you</c><00:21:45.400><c> know</c><00:21:45.559><c> for</c><00:21:45.799><c> for</c><00:21:45.919><c> a</c><00:21:46.080><c> single</c><00:21:46.520><c> point</c>

00:21:46.789 --> 00:21:46.799 align:start position:0%
be that you know for for a single point
 

00:21:46.799 --> 00:21:49.230 align:start position:0%
be that you know for for a single point
in<00:21:47.080><c> time</c><00:21:47.440><c> for</c><00:21:47.600><c> a</c><00:21:47.720><c> single</c><00:21:48.039><c> block</c><00:21:48.400><c> number</c><00:21:49.080><c> you</c>

00:21:49.230 --> 00:21:49.240 align:start position:0%
in time for a single block number you
 

00:21:49.240 --> 00:21:51.350 align:start position:0%
in time for a single block number you
need<00:21:49.799><c> to</c>

00:21:51.350 --> 00:21:51.360 align:start position:0%
need to
 

00:21:51.360 --> 00:21:53.789 align:start position:0%
need to
um<00:21:52.360><c> you</c><00:21:52.559><c> need</c><00:21:52.679><c> to</c><00:21:52.799><c> have</c><00:21:52.919><c> multiple</c><00:21:53.320><c> proposals</c>

00:21:53.789 --> 00:21:53.799 align:start position:0%
um you need to have multiple proposals
 

00:21:53.799 --> 00:21:55.590 align:start position:0%
um you need to have multiple proposals
because<00:21:54.000><c> again</c><00:21:54.159><c> you</c><00:21:54.320><c> can</c><00:21:54.520><c> have</c><00:21:54.640><c> a</c><00:21:54.720><c> lot</c><00:21:54.840><c> of</c><00:21:54.960><c> cbls</c>

00:21:55.590 --> 00:21:55.600 align:start position:0%
because again you can have a lot of cbls
 

00:21:55.600 --> 00:21:59.230 align:start position:0%
because again you can have a lot of cbls
so<00:21:56.279><c> you</c><00:21:56.400><c> need</c><00:21:56.600><c> to</c><00:21:56.760><c> challenge</c><00:21:57.240><c> all</c><00:21:57.400><c> of</c><00:21:57.600><c> them</c><00:21:58.720><c> uh</c>

00:21:59.230 --> 00:21:59.240 align:start position:0%
so you need to challenge all of them uh
 

00:21:59.240 --> 00:22:01.190 align:start position:0%
so you need to challenge all of them uh
you<00:21:59.360><c> could</c><00:21:59.600><c> have</c><00:21:59.760><c> a</c><00:21:59.880><c> fallback</c><00:22:00.360><c> mechanism</c><00:22:00.919><c> such</c>

00:22:01.190 --> 00:22:01.200 align:start position:0%
you could have a fallback mechanism such
 

00:22:01.200 --> 00:22:04.230 align:start position:0%
you could have a fallback mechanism such
that<00:22:01.720><c> if</c><00:22:02.400><c> multiple</c><00:22:03.400><c> State</c><00:22:03.760><c> roots</c><00:22:04.039><c> are</c>

00:22:04.230 --> 00:22:04.240 align:start position:0%
that if multiple State roots are
 

00:22:04.240 --> 00:22:07.909 align:start position:0%
that if multiple State roots are
confirmed<00:22:05.120><c> like</c><00:22:05.320><c> you</c><00:22:05.600><c> halt</c><00:22:05.960><c> or</c><00:22:06.520><c> something</c><00:22:07.520><c> um</c>

00:22:07.909 --> 00:22:07.919 align:start position:0%
confirmed like you halt or something um
 

00:22:07.919 --> 00:22:09.750 align:start position:0%
confirmed like you halt or something um
but

00:22:09.750 --> 00:22:09.760 align:start position:0%
but
 

00:22:09.760 --> 00:22:12.310 align:start position:0%
but
like<00:22:10.760><c> challenging</c><00:22:11.240><c> one</c><00:22:11.400><c> state</c><00:22:11.679><c> R</c><00:22:11.840><c> is</c><00:22:11.919><c> not</c>

00:22:12.310 --> 00:22:12.320 align:start position:0%
like challenging one state R is not
 

00:22:12.320 --> 00:22:16.750 align:start position:0%
like challenging one state R is not
enough<00:22:13.320><c> that's</c><00:22:13.559><c> the</c><00:22:14.240><c> tldr</c><00:22:15.400><c> cool</c><00:22:16.400><c> uh</c><00:22:16.559><c> next</c>

00:22:16.750 --> 00:22:16.760 align:start position:0%
enough that's the tldr cool uh next
 

00:22:16.760 --> 00:22:17.950 align:start position:0%
enough that's the tldr cool uh next
question<00:22:17.000><c> you</c><00:22:17.080><c> kind</c><00:22:17.200><c> of</c><00:22:17.279><c> alluded</c><00:22:17.640><c> to</c><00:22:17.760><c> this</c><00:22:17.840><c> in</c>

00:22:17.950 --> 00:22:17.960 align:start position:0%
question you kind of alluded to this in
 

00:22:17.960 --> 00:22:20.310 align:start position:0%
question you kind of alluded to this in
the<00:22:18.120><c> slide</c><00:22:18.919><c> um</c><00:22:19.240><c> how</c><00:22:19.360><c> do</c><00:22:19.480><c> you</c><00:22:19.559><c> see</c><00:22:19.840><c> Solutions</c>

00:22:20.310 --> 00:22:20.320 align:start position:0%
the slide um how do you see Solutions
 

00:22:20.320 --> 00:22:23.149 align:start position:0%
the slide um how do you see Solutions
like<00:22:20.559><c> optimistic</c><00:22:21.200><c> ZK</c><00:22:21.840><c> hybrid</c>

00:22:23.149 --> 00:22:23.159 align:start position:0%
like optimistic ZK hybrid
 

00:22:23.159 --> 00:22:25.390 align:start position:0%
like optimistic ZK hybrid
Solutions<00:22:24.159><c> yeah</c><00:22:24.360><c> so</c><00:22:24.640><c> this</c><00:22:24.720><c> is</c><00:22:24.840><c> an</c><00:22:25.000><c> interesting</c>

00:22:25.390 --> 00:22:25.400 align:start position:0%
Solutions yeah so this is an interesting
 

00:22:25.400 --> 00:22:29.110 align:start position:0%
Solutions yeah so this is an interesting
one<00:22:25.799><c> as</c><00:22:25.919><c> I</c><00:22:26.120><c> said</c><00:22:26.760><c> if</c><00:22:26.919><c> you</c><00:22:27.159><c> use</c><00:22:27.840><c> this</c><00:22:28.640><c> uh</c><00:22:28.880><c> if</c><00:22:29.000><c> you</c>

00:22:29.110 --> 00:22:29.120 align:start position:0%
one as I said if you use this uh if you
 

00:22:29.120 --> 00:22:30.950 align:start position:0%
one as I said if you use this uh if you
need<00:22:29.400><c> to</c><00:22:29.559><c> use</c><00:22:29.840><c> these</c><00:22:30.039><c> execution</c><00:22:30.559><c> history</c>

00:22:30.950 --> 00:22:30.960 align:start position:0%
need to use these execution history
 

00:22:30.960 --> 00:22:33.149 align:start position:0%
need to use these execution history
commitments<00:22:31.640><c> which</c><00:22:31.840><c> most</c><00:22:32.039><c> of</c><00:22:32.240><c> the</c><00:22:32.640><c> optimistic</c>

00:22:33.149 --> 00:22:33.159 align:start position:0%
commitments which most of the optimistic
 

00:22:33.159 --> 00:22:35.190 align:start position:0%
commitments which most of the optimistic
proof<00:22:33.400><c> system</c><00:22:33.679><c> use</c><00:22:34.159><c> you</c><00:22:34.360><c> have</c><00:22:34.559><c> these</c><00:22:34.799><c> problems</c>

00:22:35.190 --> 00:22:35.200 align:start position:0%
proof system use you have these problems
 

00:22:35.200 --> 00:22:39.190 align:start position:0%
proof system use you have these problems
with<00:22:35.400><c> levels</c><00:22:36.200><c> and</c><00:22:36.679><c> recursion</c><00:22:37.679><c> and</c><00:22:38.279><c> you</c><00:22:38.640><c> might</c>

00:22:39.190 --> 00:22:39.200 align:start position:0%
with levels and recursion and you might
 

00:22:39.200 --> 00:22:40.950 align:start position:0%
with levels and recursion and you might
prefer<00:22:39.600><c> not</c><00:22:39.760><c> to</c><00:22:39.919><c> do</c><00:22:40.120><c> that</c><00:22:40.360><c> because</c><00:22:40.600><c> as</c><00:22:40.679><c> I</c><00:22:40.799><c> said</c>

00:22:40.950 --> 00:22:40.960 align:start position:0%
prefer not to do that because as I said
 

00:22:40.960 --> 00:22:42.750 align:start position:0%
prefer not to do that because as I said
it's<00:22:41.080><c> very</c><00:22:41.279><c> complex</c>

00:22:42.750 --> 00:22:42.760 align:start position:0%
it's very complex
 

00:22:42.760 --> 00:22:47.149 align:start position:0%
it's very complex
cartesi<00:22:44.080><c> uh</c><00:22:45.080><c> decided</c><00:22:45.520><c> to</c><00:22:45.679><c> go</c><00:22:46.320><c> hybrid</c><00:22:46.919><c> in</c><00:22:47.039><c> the</c>

00:22:47.149 --> 00:22:47.159 align:start position:0%
cartesi uh decided to go hybrid in the
 

00:22:47.159 --> 00:22:48.710 align:start position:0%
cartesi uh decided to go hybrid in the
sense<00:22:47.440><c> that</c><00:22:47.679><c> they</c><00:22:47.960><c> have</c><00:22:48.120><c> an</c><00:22:48.240><c> optimistic</c>

00:22:48.710 --> 00:22:48.720 align:start position:0%
sense that they have an optimistic
 

00:22:48.720 --> 00:22:50.630 align:start position:0%
sense that they have an optimistic
protocol<00:22:49.360><c> but</c><00:22:49.640><c> at</c><00:22:49.760><c> a</c><00:22:49.880><c> certain</c><00:22:50.159><c> point</c><00:22:50.360><c> instead</c>

00:22:50.630 --> 00:22:50.640 align:start position:0%
protocol but at a certain point instead
 

00:22:50.640 --> 00:22:52.830 align:start position:0%
protocol but at a certain point instead
of<00:22:50.760><c> proving</c><00:22:51.159><c> just</c><00:22:51.320><c> one</c><00:22:51.520><c> single</c><00:22:51.880><c> step</c><00:22:52.480><c> in</c><00:22:52.640><c> their</c>

00:22:52.830 --> 00:22:52.840 align:start position:0%
of proving just one single step in their
 

00:22:52.840 --> 00:22:54.590 align:start position:0%
of proving just one single step in their
risk<00:22:53.120><c> five</c><00:22:53.400><c> machine</c><00:22:53.799><c> because</c><00:22:54.000><c> they</c><00:22:54.120><c> use</c><00:22:54.320><c> risk</c>

00:22:54.590 --> 00:22:54.600 align:start position:0%
risk five machine because they use risk
 

00:22:54.600 --> 00:22:56.990 align:start position:0%
risk five machine because they use risk
five<00:22:55.039><c> underneath</c><00:22:56.039><c> uh</c><00:22:56.200><c> they</c><00:22:56.360><c> prove</c><00:22:56.679><c> a</c><00:22:56.840><c> big</c>

00:22:56.990 --> 00:22:57.000 align:start position:0%
five underneath uh they prove a big
 

00:22:57.000 --> 00:22:59.990 align:start position:0%
five underneath uh they prove a big
chunk<00:22:57.240><c> of</c><00:22:57.360><c> steps</c><00:22:58.120><c> so</c><00:22:58.840><c> I</c><00:22:58.919><c> think</c><00:22:59.080><c> it</c><00:22:59.200><c> makes</c><00:22:59.440><c> sense</c>

00:22:59.990 --> 00:23:00.000 align:start position:0%
chunk of steps so I think it makes sense
 

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:02.630 align:start position:0%
chunk of steps so I think it makes sense
uh<00:23:00.120><c> to</c><00:23:00.240><c> improve</c><00:23:00.520><c> the</c><00:23:00.600><c> gas</c><00:23:00.880><c> cost</c><00:23:01.840><c> uh</c><00:23:02.279><c> well</c><00:23:02.559><c> you</c>

00:23:02.630 --> 00:23:02.640 align:start position:0%
uh to improve the gas cost uh well you
 

00:23:02.640 --> 00:23:04.430 align:start position:0%
uh to improve the gas cost uh well you
can<00:23:02.840><c> have</c><00:23:03.120><c> offchain</c><00:23:03.559><c> proving</c><00:23:03.840><c> cost</c><00:23:04.080><c> so</c><00:23:04.279><c> like</c>

00:23:04.430 --> 00:23:04.440 align:start position:0%
can have offchain proving cost so like
 

00:23:04.440 --> 00:23:07.029 align:start position:0%
can have offchain proving cost so like
that's<00:23:04.600><c> debatable</c><00:23:05.120><c> but</c><00:23:05.679><c> like</c><00:23:06.679><c> another</c>

00:23:07.029 --> 00:23:07.039 align:start position:0%
that's debatable but like another
 

00:23:07.039 --> 00:23:09.190 align:start position:0%
that's debatable but like another
approach<00:23:07.440><c> is</c><00:23:07.919><c> single</c><00:23:08.360><c> round</c><00:23:08.799><c> instead</c><00:23:09.039><c> of</c>

00:23:09.190 --> 00:23:09.200 align:start position:0%
approach is single round instead of
 

00:23:09.200 --> 00:23:11.310 align:start position:0%
approach is single round instead of
doing<00:23:09.480><c> going</c><00:23:09.679><c> to</c><00:23:09.840><c> the</c><00:23:09.960><c> root</c><00:23:10.159><c> of</c><00:23:10.320><c> multi</c><00:23:10.720><c> round</c>

00:23:11.310 --> 00:23:11.320 align:start position:0%
doing going to the root of multi round
 

00:23:11.320 --> 00:23:14.430 align:start position:0%
doing going to the root of multi round
uh<00:23:11.480><c> proof</c><00:23:11.760><c> system</c><00:23:12.120><c> you</c><00:23:12.240><c> can</c><00:23:12.440><c> do</c><00:23:12.919><c> what</c><00:23:13.080><c> Tao</c><00:23:13.480><c> does</c>

00:23:14.430 --> 00:23:14.440 align:start position:0%
uh proof system you can do what Tao does
 

00:23:14.440 --> 00:23:17.029 align:start position:0%
uh proof system you can do what Tao does
uh<00:23:14.799><c> which</c><00:23:14.960><c> is</c><00:23:15.240><c> you</c><00:23:15.480><c> propose</c><00:23:16.279><c> you</c><00:23:16.480><c> challenge</c>

00:23:17.029 --> 00:23:17.039 align:start position:0%
uh which is you propose you challenge
 

00:23:17.039 --> 00:23:18.070 align:start position:0%
uh which is you propose you challenge
and<00:23:17.120><c> when</c><00:23:17.240><c> you</c><00:23:17.360><c> challenge</c><00:23:17.679><c> you</c><00:23:17.760><c> need</c><00:23:17.919><c> to</c>

00:23:18.070 --> 00:23:18.080 align:start position:0%
and when you challenge you need to
 

00:23:18.080 --> 00:23:20.149 align:start position:0%
and when you challenge you need to
provide<00:23:18.600><c> a</c><00:23:18.799><c> zika</c><00:23:19.120><c> proof</c><00:23:19.400><c> either</c><00:23:19.640><c> with</c><00:23:19.840><c> risk</c>

00:23:20.149 --> 00:23:20.159 align:start position:0%
provide a zika proof either with risk
 

00:23:20.159 --> 00:23:24.390 align:start position:0%
provide a zika proof either with risk
zero<00:23:20.640><c> or</c><00:23:20.880><c> sp1</c><00:23:21.400><c> so</c><00:23:21.600><c> I</c><00:23:21.720><c> think</c><00:23:22.720><c> um</c><00:23:23.400><c> in</c><00:23:23.520><c> the</c><00:23:23.679><c> future</c>

00:23:24.390 --> 00:23:24.400 align:start position:0%
zero or sp1 so I think um in the future
 

00:23:24.400 --> 00:23:28.789 align:start position:0%
zero or sp1 so I think um in the future
if<00:23:24.679><c> an</c><00:23:24.840><c> optimistic</c><00:23:25.279><c> rollup</c><00:23:25.679><c> want</c><00:23:25.840><c> to</c><00:23:26.039><c> use</c><00:23:27.080><c> um</c><00:23:28.080><c> a</c>

00:23:28.789 --> 00:23:28.799 align:start position:0%
if an optimistic rollup want to use um a
 

00:23:28.799 --> 00:23:31.549 align:start position:0%
if an optimistic rollup want to use um a
a<00:23:28.960><c> FR</c><00:23:29.240><c> of</c><00:23:29.640><c> system</c><00:23:30.640><c> it's</c><00:23:30.840><c> very</c><00:23:31.080><c> likely</c><00:23:31.400><c> that</c>

00:23:31.549 --> 00:23:31.559 align:start position:0%
a FR of system it's very likely that
 

00:23:31.559 --> 00:23:34.430 align:start position:0%
a FR of system it's very likely that
they<00:23:31.720><c> will</c><00:23:32.000><c> also</c><00:23:32.200><c> need</c><00:23:32.440><c> ZK</c><00:23:32.880><c> somehow</c><00:23:33.480><c> in</c><00:23:33.640><c> their</c>

00:23:34.430 --> 00:23:34.440 align:start position:0%
they will also need ZK somehow in their
 

00:23:34.440 --> 00:23:38.669 align:start position:0%
they will also need ZK somehow in their
stock<00:23:35.880><c> cool</c><00:23:36.880><c> uh</c><00:23:37.039><c> next</c><00:23:37.360><c> question</c><00:23:38.200><c> can</c><00:23:38.400><c> part</c><00:23:38.559><c> of</c>

00:23:38.669 --> 00:23:38.679 align:start position:0%
stock cool uh next question can part of
 

00:23:38.679 --> 00:23:40.390 align:start position:0%
stock cool uh next question can part of
the<00:23:38.760><c> answers</c><00:23:39.120><c> be</c><00:23:39.360><c> facilitating</c><00:23:39.919><c> an</c><00:23:40.080><c> honest</c>

00:23:40.390 --> 00:23:40.400 align:start position:0%
the answers be facilitating an honest
 

00:23:40.400 --> 00:23:43.230 align:start position:0%
the answers be facilitating an honest
offender<00:23:41.400><c> having</c><00:23:42.000><c> snowballing</c><00:23:42.799><c> Community</c>

00:23:43.230 --> 00:23:43.240 align:start position:0%
offender having snowballing Community
 

00:23:43.240 --> 00:23:45.630 align:start position:0%
offender having snowballing Community
Support<00:23:44.000><c> the</c><00:23:44.159><c> other</c><00:23:44.480><c> honest</c><00:23:45.080><c> um</c><00:23:45.360><c> the</c><00:23:45.440><c> other</c>

00:23:45.630 --> 00:23:45.640 align:start position:0%
Support the other honest um the other
 

00:23:45.640 --> 00:23:47.269 align:start position:0%
Support the other honest um the other
honest<00:23:45.960><c> observers</c><00:23:46.440><c> can</c><00:23:46.679><c> validate</c><00:23:47.120><c> The</c>

00:23:47.269 --> 00:23:47.279 align:start position:0%
honest observers can validate The
 

00:23:47.279 --> 00:23:51.750 align:start position:0%
honest observers can validate The
Challenge<00:23:48.000><c> and</c><00:23:48.440><c> support</c><00:23:49.440><c> yes</c><00:23:49.880><c> so</c><00:23:50.840><c> to</c><00:23:51.279><c> allow</c>

00:23:51.750 --> 00:23:51.760 align:start position:0%
Challenge and support yes so to allow
 

00:23:51.760 --> 00:23:54.190 align:start position:0%
Challenge and support yes so to allow
honest<00:23:52.159><c> Defenders</c><00:23:52.679><c> to</c><00:23:52.880><c> play</c><00:23:53.240><c> together</c><00:23:53.520><c> as</c><00:23:53.720><c> one</c>

00:23:54.190 --> 00:23:54.200 align:start position:0%
honest Defenders to play together as one
 

00:23:54.200 --> 00:23:57.870 align:start position:0%
honest Defenders to play together as one
you<00:23:54.520><c> need</c><00:23:55.520><c> uh</c><00:23:55.919><c> adoc</c><00:23:56.520><c> mechanisms</c><00:23:57.440><c> it's</c><00:23:57.640><c> not</c>

00:23:57.870 --> 00:23:57.880 align:start position:0%
you need uh adoc mechanisms it's not
 

00:23:57.880 --> 00:23:59.510 align:start position:0%
you need uh adoc mechanisms it's not
super<00:23:58.200><c> OB</c><00:23:58.440><c> obvious</c><00:23:58.799><c> there</c><00:23:58.880><c> are</c><00:23:59.039><c> some</c><00:23:59.240><c> proof</c>

00:23:59.510 --> 00:23:59.520 align:start position:0%
super OB obvious there are some proof
 

00:23:59.520 --> 00:24:01.070 align:start position:0%
super OB obvious there are some proof
systems<00:23:59.919><c> like</c><00:24:00.120><c> the</c><00:24:00.240><c> current</c><00:24:00.520><c> one</c><00:24:00.640><c> in</c><00:24:00.760><c> arbit</c>

00:24:01.070 --> 00:24:01.080 align:start position:0%
systems like the current one in arbit
 

00:24:01.080 --> 00:24:02.789 align:start position:0%
systems like the current one in arbit
room<00:24:01.279><c> that</c><00:24:01.440><c> doesn't</c><00:24:01.720><c> allow</c><00:24:02.039><c> honest</c><00:24:02.400><c> Defenders</c>

00:24:02.789 --> 00:24:02.799 align:start position:0%
room that doesn't allow honest Defenders
 

00:24:02.799 --> 00:24:05.029 align:start position:0%
room that doesn't allow honest Defenders
to<00:24:02.960><c> play</c><00:24:03.400><c> together</c><00:24:04.400><c> uh</c><00:24:04.600><c> because</c><00:24:04.799><c> you</c><00:24:04.919><c> know</c>

00:24:05.029 --> 00:24:05.039 align:start position:0%
to play together uh because you know
 

00:24:05.039 --> 00:24:06.350 align:start position:0%
to play together uh because you know
there<00:24:05.159><c> are</c><00:24:05.360><c> there</c><00:24:05.440><c> are</c><00:24:05.600><c> some</c>

00:24:06.350 --> 00:24:06.360 align:start position:0%
there are there are some
 

00:24:06.360 --> 00:24:10.029 align:start position:0%
there are there are some
issues<00:24:07.360><c> um</c><00:24:08.039><c> but</c><00:24:08.200><c> the</c><00:24:08.320><c> idea</c><00:24:08.679><c> is</c><00:24:09.000><c> yes</c><00:24:09.320><c> like</c><00:24:09.919><c> the</c>

00:24:10.029 --> 00:24:10.039 align:start position:0%
issues um but the idea is yes like the
 

00:24:10.039 --> 00:24:11.830 align:start position:0%
issues um but the idea is yes like the
honest<00:24:10.400><c> defender</c><00:24:10.799><c> in</c><00:24:10.919><c> an</c><00:24:11.039><c> optimistic</c><00:24:11.480><c> rollup</c>

00:24:11.830 --> 00:24:11.840 align:start position:0%
honest defender in an optimistic rollup
 

00:24:11.840 --> 00:24:13.510 align:start position:0%
honest defender in an optimistic rollup
is<00:24:11.919><c> going</c><00:24:12.000><c> to</c><00:24:12.120><c> win</c><00:24:12.360><c> is</c><00:24:12.480><c> going</c><00:24:12.600><c> to</c><00:24:12.760><c> profit</c><00:24:13.279><c> so</c>

00:24:13.510 --> 00:24:13.520 align:start position:0%
is going to win is going to profit so
 

00:24:13.520 --> 00:24:16.430 align:start position:0%
is going to win is going to profit so
that's<00:24:13.720><c> the</c><00:24:13.880><c> main</c><00:24:14.600><c> reason</c><00:24:15.159><c> why</c><00:24:15.880><c> some</c><00:24:16.080><c> of</c><00:24:16.240><c> these</c>

00:24:16.430 --> 00:24:16.440 align:start position:0%
that's the main reason why some of these
 

00:24:16.440 --> 00:24:18.230 align:start position:0%
that's the main reason why some of these
projects<00:24:16.840><c> say</c><00:24:17.159><c> look</c><00:24:17.360><c> it's</c><00:24:17.480><c> not</c><00:24:17.640><c> a</c><00:24:17.799><c> problem</c><00:24:18.120><c> if</c>

00:24:18.230 --> 00:24:18.240 align:start position:0%
projects say look it's not a problem if
 

00:24:18.240 --> 00:24:19.510 align:start position:0%
projects say look it's not a problem if
we<00:24:18.320><c> need</c><00:24:18.480><c> a</c><00:24:18.559><c> lot</c><00:24:18.679><c> of</c><00:24:18.799><c> funds</c><00:24:19.039><c> to</c><00:24:19.200><c> protect</c><00:24:19.440><c> the</c>

00:24:19.510 --> 00:24:19.520 align:start position:0%
we need a lot of funds to protect the
 

00:24:19.520 --> 00:24:21.470 align:start position:0%
we need a lot of funds to protect the
chain<00:24:19.840><c> because</c><00:24:20.080><c> it's</c><00:24:20.279><c> profitable</c><00:24:21.080><c> a</c><00:24:21.200><c> lot</c><00:24:21.320><c> of</c>

00:24:21.470 --> 00:24:21.480 align:start position:0%
chain because it's profitable a lot of
 

00:24:21.480 --> 00:24:23.470 align:start position:0%
chain because it's profitable a lot of
people<00:24:21.760><c> will</c><00:24:21.960><c> join</c><00:24:22.559><c> and</c><00:24:22.760><c> fend</c><00:24:23.000><c> the</c><00:24:23.120><c> chain</c>

00:24:23.470 --> 00:24:23.480 align:start position:0%
people will join and fend the chain
 

00:24:23.480 --> 00:24:27.950 align:start position:0%
people will join and fend the chain
together<00:24:24.400><c> uh</c><00:24:24.880><c> so</c><00:24:25.880><c> uh</c><00:24:26.080><c> yes</c><00:24:26.440><c> like</c><00:24:27.440><c> the</c><00:24:27.600><c> plan</c><00:24:27.799><c> is</c>

00:24:27.950 --> 00:24:27.960 align:start position:0%
together uh so uh yes like the plan is
 

00:24:27.960 --> 00:24:30.470 align:start position:0%
together uh so uh yes like the plan is
to<00:24:28.120><c> have</c><00:24:28.520><c> multiple</c><00:24:28.919><c> months</c><00:24:29.320><c> yes</c><00:24:30.039><c> all</c><00:24:30.200><c> right</c>

00:24:30.470 --> 00:24:30.480 align:start position:0%
to have multiple months yes all right
 

00:24:30.480 --> 00:24:33.440 align:start position:0%
to have multiple months yes all right
everyone<00:24:30.840><c> give</c><00:24:31.080><c> Luke</c>