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thank<00:00:16.529><c> you</c><00:00:16.619><c> thank</c><00:00:17.160><c> you</c>

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thank you thank you
 

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thank you thank you
ladies<00:00:18.900><c> and</c><00:00:18.990><c> gentleman</c><00:00:19.140><c> I'm</c><00:00:19.980><c> the</c><00:00:20.189><c> last</c>

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ladies and gentleman I'm the last
 

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ladies and gentleman I'm the last
speaker<00:00:20.430><c> I'm</c><00:00:20.789><c> the</c><00:00:21.390><c> only</c><00:00:21.630><c> thing</c><00:00:21.960><c> between</c><00:00:22.800><c> all</c>

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speaker I'm the only thing between all
 

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speaker I'm the only thing between all
of<00:00:23.910><c> you</c><00:00:24.000><c> and</c><00:00:24.150><c> a</c><00:00:24.210><c> drink</c><00:00:24.500><c> so</c><00:00:25.500><c> I'll</c><00:00:25.740><c> try</c><00:00:26.010><c> to</c><00:00:26.039><c> be</c>

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of you and a drink so I'll try to be
 

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of you and a drink so I'll try to be
fast<00:00:26.460><c> thank</c><00:00:27.300><c> you</c><00:00:27.390><c> for</c><00:00:27.539><c> inviting</c><00:00:27.750><c> me</c><00:00:27.930><c> I'm</c><00:00:28.890><c> going</c>

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fast thank you for inviting me I'm going
 

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fast thank you for inviting me I'm going
to<00:00:29.130><c> talk</c><00:00:29.369><c> at</c><00:00:30.210><c> a</c><00:00:30.359><c> very</c><00:00:30.720><c> high</c><00:00:30.929><c> level</c><00:00:31.080><c> about</c><00:00:31.980><c> some</c>

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to talk at a very high level about some
 

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to talk at a very high level about some
very<00:00:33.079><c> abstract</c><00:00:34.079><c> stuff</c><00:00:34.260><c> in</c><00:00:34.680><c> another</c><00:00:35.340><c> part</c><00:00:35.579><c> of</c>

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very abstract stuff in another part of
 

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very abstract stuff in another part of
computer<00:00:35.910><c> science</c><00:00:36.360><c> which</c><00:00:37.050><c> I</c><00:00:37.170><c> think</c><00:00:37.380><c> has</c>

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computer science which I think has
 

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computer science which I think has
relevance<00:00:37.980><c> but</c><00:00:38.250><c> probably</c><00:00:38.730><c> not</c><00:00:39.059><c> immediate</c>

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relevance but probably not immediate
 

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relevance but probably not immediate
relevance<00:00:39.840><c> so</c><00:00:40.739><c> I'm</c><00:00:41.070><c> going</c><00:00:41.219><c> to</c><00:00:41.309><c> throw</c><00:00:41.760><c> in</c><00:00:41.940><c> some</c>

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relevance so I'm going to throw in some
 

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relevance so I'm going to throw in some
ideas<00:00:42.570><c> and</c><00:00:43.820><c> take</c><00:00:44.820><c> with</c><00:00:44.969><c> them</c><00:00:45.120><c> as</c><00:00:45.210><c> oh</c><00:00:45.420><c> do</c><00:00:45.690><c> with</c>

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ideas and take with them as oh do with
 

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ideas and take with them as oh do with
them<00:00:45.960><c> what</c><00:00:46.110><c> you</c><00:00:46.200><c> will</c><00:00:46.350><c> they</c><00:00:46.950><c> they</c><00:00:47.280><c> may</c><00:00:47.430><c> not</c><00:00:47.550><c> be</c>

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them what you will they they may not be
 

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them what you will they they may not be
relevant<00:00:47.789><c> for</c><00:00:48.120><c> a</c><00:00:48.149><c> while</c><00:00:48.329><c> so</c><00:00:50.180><c> starting</c><00:00:51.180><c> with</c>

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relevant for a while so starting with
 

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relevant for a while so starting with
the<00:00:51.360><c> idea</c><00:00:51.600><c> that</c><00:00:51.660><c> shared</c><00:00:52.260><c> Ledger's</c><00:00:52.590><c> are</c><00:00:52.620><c> just</c>

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the idea that shared Ledger's are just
 

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the idea that shared Ledger's are just
databases<00:00:54.210><c> with</c><00:00:54.449><c> a</c><00:00:54.480><c> communication</c><00:00:55.110><c> protocol</c>

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databases with a communication protocol
 

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databases with a communication protocol
it<00:00:56.879><c> made</c><00:00:57.059><c> me</c><00:00:57.180><c> think</c><00:00:57.300><c> that</c><00:00:57.510><c> there's</c><00:00:57.870><c> been</c><00:00:58.050><c> lots</c>

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it made me think that there's been lots
 

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it made me think that there's been lots
of<00:00:58.440><c> work</c><00:00:58.590><c> most</c><00:00:59.460><c> people</c><00:00:59.850><c> don't</c><00:00:59.910><c> know</c><00:01:00.059><c> about</c><00:01:00.090><c> it</c>

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of work most people don't know about it
 

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of work most people don't know about it
a<00:01:00.570><c> lot</c><00:01:01.109><c> of</c><00:01:01.140><c> work</c><00:01:01.350><c> on</c><00:01:01.530><c> communication</c><00:01:02.340><c> protocols</c>

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a lot of work on communication protocols
 

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a lot of work on communication protocols
between<00:01:03.809><c> autonomous</c><00:01:04.350><c> intelligent</c><00:01:05.339><c> agents</c>

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between autonomous intelligent agents
 

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between autonomous intelligent agents
agents<00:01:06.479><c> if</c><00:01:06.930><c> you're</c><00:01:07.049><c> not</c><00:01:07.170><c> aware</c><00:01:07.439><c> are</c><00:01:07.740><c> just</c>

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agents if you're not aware are just
 

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agents if you're not aware are just
objects<00:01:09.090><c> with</c><00:01:09.299><c> attitude</c>

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objects with attitude
 

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objects with attitude
objects<00:01:10.500><c> that</c><00:01:10.650><c> have</c><00:01:10.890><c> the</c><00:01:11.520><c> capability</c><00:01:12.210><c> to</c>

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objects that have the capability to
 

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objects that have the capability to
decide<00:01:12.810><c> for</c><00:01:13.619><c> themselves</c><00:01:14.060><c> whether</c><00:01:15.060><c> they</c>

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decide for themselves whether they
 

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decide for themselves whether they
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whether or not they will execute when
 

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whether or not they will execute when
invoked<00:01:17.810><c> the</c><00:01:18.810><c> goal</c><00:01:19.049><c> of</c><00:01:19.229><c> this</c><00:01:19.350><c> research</c><00:01:19.740><c> has</c>

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invoked the goal of this research has
 

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invoked the goal of this research has
been<00:01:20.159><c> trying</c><00:01:20.729><c> to</c><00:01:21.000><c> automate</c><00:01:21.650><c> communications</c>

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been trying to automate communications
 

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been trying to automate communications
between<00:01:22.920><c> software</c><00:01:23.460><c> agents</c><00:01:23.850><c> so</c><00:01:24.270><c> having</c>

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between software agents so having
 

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between software agents so having
automated<00:01:24.900><c> dialogues</c><00:01:25.320><c> between</c><00:01:26.009><c> autonomous</c>

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automated dialogues between autonomous
 

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automated dialogues between autonomous
agents<00:01:26.880><c> the</c><00:01:27.479><c> status</c><00:01:27.960><c> of</c><00:01:28.110><c> that</c><00:01:28.229><c> work</c><00:01:28.439><c> it's</c>

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agents the status of that work it's
 

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agents the status of that work it's
still<00:01:28.920><c> ongoing</c><00:01:29.990><c> the</c><00:01:30.990><c> statuses</c><00:01:31.439><c> that</c><00:01:31.500><c> we</c>

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still ongoing the statuses that we
 

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still ongoing the statuses that we
understand<00:01:32.520><c> well</c><00:01:32.790><c> different</c><00:01:33.270><c> types</c><00:01:33.509><c> of</c>

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understand well different types of
 

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understand well different types of
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dialogues drawing on work in the
 

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dialogues drawing on work in the
philosophy<00:01:36.270><c> of</c><00:01:36.479><c> language</c><00:01:36.570><c> in</c><00:01:37.049><c> the</c><00:01:37.110><c> philosophy</c>

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philosophy of language in the philosophy
 

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philosophy of language in the philosophy
of<00:01:37.470><c> argumentation</c><00:01:37.970><c> we</c><00:01:38.970><c> also</c><00:01:39.360><c> especially</c>

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of argumentation we also especially
 

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of argumentation we also especially
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understand dialogues about beliefs their
 

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understand dialogues about beliefs their
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dialogues about facts dialogues such as
 

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dialogues about facts dialogues such as
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where one agent tries to persuade
 

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where one agent tries to persuade
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another agent of something a dialogue
 

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another agent of something a dialogue
where<00:01:48.720><c> agents</c><00:01:49.229><c> collectively</c><00:01:50.070><c> try</c><00:01:50.399><c> and</c>

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where agents collectively try and
 

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where agents collectively try and
resolve<00:01:51.450><c> a</c><00:01:51.659><c> factual</c><00:01:51.960><c> question</c><00:01:52.170><c> we</c><00:01:52.920><c> understand</c>

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resolve a factual question we understand
 

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resolve a factual question we understand
those<00:01:53.490><c> dialogues</c><00:01:53.880><c> very</c><00:01:54.149><c> well</c><00:01:54.329><c> and</c><00:01:54.479><c> we</c><00:01:54.750><c> can</c>

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those dialogues very well and we can
 

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those dialogues very well and we can
automate<00:01:55.619><c> most</c><00:01:55.890><c> of</c><00:01:56.070><c> them</c><00:01:56.189><c> we</c><00:01:56.909><c> can</c><00:01:57.090><c> automate</c>

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automate most of them we can automate
 

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automate most of them we can automate
negotiations<00:01:58.229><c> in</c><00:01:59.009><c> the</c><00:01:59.310><c> case</c><00:01:59.610><c> of</c><00:01:59.790><c> simple</c>

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negotiations in the case of simple
 

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negotiations in the case of simple
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negotiations got more complex
 

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negotiations got more complex
negotiations<00:02:02.689><c> by</c><00:02:03.689><c> simple</c><00:02:03.990><c> I</c><00:02:04.049><c> mean</c><00:02:04.079><c> things</c>

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negotiations by simple I mean things
 

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negotiations by simple I mean things
where<00:02:04.799><c> you</c><00:02:04.950><c> can</c><00:02:05.130><c> define</c><00:02:05.280><c> the</c><00:02:05.700><c> objects</c><00:02:06.479><c> of</c><00:02:06.540><c> the</c>

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where you can define the objects of the
 

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where you can define the objects of the
negotiation<00:02:07.110><c> very</c><00:02:07.259><c> easily</c><00:02:07.409><c> for</c><00:02:08.310><c> for</c><00:02:08.729><c> example</c>

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negotiation very easily for for example
 

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negotiation very easily for for example
negotiations<00:02:10.970><c> over</c><00:02:11.090><c> the</c><00:02:11.210><c> price</c><00:02:11.480><c> of</c><00:02:11.690><c> something</c>

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negotiations over the price of something
 

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negotiations over the price of something
for<00:02:12.530><c> a</c><00:02:12.560><c> vote</c><00:02:12.770><c> for</c><00:02:13.040><c> a</c><00:02:13.100><c> well</c><00:02:13.220><c> defined</c><00:02:13.400><c> commodity</c>

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for a vote for a well defined commodity
 

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for a vote for a well defined commodity
or<00:02:14.240><c> a</c><00:02:14.270><c> well</c><00:02:14.450><c> defined</c><00:02:14.780><c> object</c><00:02:15.170><c> we</c><00:02:15.680><c> can</c><00:02:15.800><c> automate</c>

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or a well defined object we can automate
 

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or a well defined object we can automate
those<00:02:16.370><c> very</c><00:02:16.640><c> well</c><00:02:16.790><c> we</c><00:02:17.750><c> don't</c><00:02:18.020><c> however</c><00:02:18.320><c> yet</c>

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those very well we don't however yet
 

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those very well we don't however yet
understand<00:02:19.760><c> dialogues</c><00:02:20.210><c> over</c><00:02:20.540><c> actions</c><00:02:21.050><c> and</c>

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understand dialogues over actions and
 

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understand dialogues over actions and
the<00:02:23.030><c> fundamental</c><00:02:23.450><c> reason</c><00:02:23.660><c> for</c><00:02:23.810><c> this</c><00:02:23.900><c> in</c><00:02:24.050><c> my</c>

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the fundamental reason for this in my
 

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the fundamental reason for this in my
opinion<00:02:24.320><c> is</c><00:02:24.620><c> that</c><00:02:24.650><c> the</c><00:02:25.630><c> philosophers</c><00:02:26.630><c> have</c>

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opinion is that the philosophers have
 

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opinion is that the philosophers have
spent<00:02:27.200><c> something</c><00:02:27.740><c> like</c><00:02:27.950><c> two</c><00:02:28.490><c> and</c><00:02:28.610><c> a</c><00:02:28.670><c> half</c>

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spent something like two and a half
 

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spent something like two and a half
thousand<00:02:29.210><c> years</c><00:02:29.470><c> studying</c><00:02:30.470><c> beliefs</c><00:02:31.220><c> and</c><00:02:31.610><c> only</c>

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thousand years studying beliefs and only
 

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thousand years studying beliefs and only
a<00:02:32.120><c> little</c><00:02:32.420><c> bit</c><00:02:32.540><c> of</c><00:02:32.660><c> that</c><00:02:32.750><c> time</c><00:02:32.960><c> studying</c>

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a little bit of that time studying
 

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a little bit of that time studying
actions<00:02:33.860><c> we</c><00:02:34.220><c> don't</c><00:02:34.430><c> have</c><00:02:34.550><c> good</c><00:02:34.730><c> theories</c><00:02:35.270><c> only</c>

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actions we don't have good theories only
 

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actions we don't have good theories only
recently<00:02:36.620><c> have</c><00:02:36.830><c> we</c><00:02:36.920><c> started</c><00:02:37.280><c> to</c><00:02:37.370><c> have</c>

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recently have we started to have
 

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recently have we started to have
theories<00:02:37.820><c> about</c><00:02:38.120><c> intentionality</c><00:02:39.080><c> and</c>

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theories about intentionality and
 

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theories about intentionality and
intentions<00:02:40.040><c> and</c><00:02:40.250><c> and</c><00:02:41.180><c> their</c><00:02:41.330><c> relationship</c><00:02:41.780><c> to</c>

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intentions and and their relationship to
 

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intentions and and their relationship to
actions<00:02:42.320><c> so</c><00:02:42.800><c> therefore</c><00:02:43.190><c> we</c><00:02:43.280><c> don't</c><00:02:43.310><c> understand</c>

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actions so therefore we don't understand
 

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actions so therefore we don't understand
dialogues<00:02:44.270><c> over</c><00:02:44.510><c> actions</c><00:02:44.870><c> because</c><00:02:45.110><c> we</c><00:02:45.230><c> don't</c>

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dialogues over actions because we don't
 

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dialogues over actions because we don't
understand<00:02:45.740><c> actions</c><00:02:46.420><c> how's</c><00:02:47.420><c> that</c><00:02:47.570><c> relevant</c>

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understand actions how's that relevant
 

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understand actions how's that relevant
well<00:02:48.110><c> in</c><00:02:49.060><c> computer</c><00:02:50.060><c> protocols</c><00:02:50.540><c> we</c><00:02:51.290><c> have</c>

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well in computer protocols we have
 

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well in computer protocols we have
utterances<00:02:51.920><c> things</c><00:02:52.340><c> are</c><00:02:52.700><c> said</c><00:02:53.140><c> messages</c><00:02:54.140><c> are</c>

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utterances things are said messages are
 

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utterances things are said messages are
sent<00:02:54.530><c> in</c><00:02:55.040><c> computer</c><00:02:55.459><c> protocols</c><00:02:55.940><c> these</c>

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sent in computer protocols these
 

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sent in computer protocols these
utterances<00:02:57.350><c> are</c><00:02:57.470><c> a</c><00:02:57.530><c> means</c><00:02:57.860><c> of</c><00:02:58.010><c> communication</c>

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utterances are a means of communication
 

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utterances are a means of communication
either<00:02:59.360><c> between</c><00:02:59.630><c> the</c><00:02:59.900><c> people</c><00:03:00.200><c> behind</c><00:03:00.739><c> the</c>

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either between the people behind the
 

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either between the people behind the
programs<00:03:01.280><c> or</c><00:03:01.459><c> the</c><00:03:01.760><c> programs</c><00:03:02.120><c> themselves</c><00:03:02.239><c> in</c>

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programs or the programs themselves in
 

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programs or the programs themselves in
the<00:03:03.140><c> case</c><00:03:03.290><c> of</c><00:03:03.440><c> agents</c><00:03:03.830><c> so</c><00:03:04.810><c> linguistics</c><00:03:05.810><c> is</c><00:03:05.959><c> is</c>

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the case of agents so linguistics is is
 

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the case of agents so linguistics is is
relevant<00:03:06.709><c> here</c><00:03:06.739><c> that</c><00:03:07.340><c> human</c><00:03:07.760><c> natural</c>

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relevant here that human natural
 

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relevant here that human natural
language<00:03:08.840><c> linguistics</c><00:03:09.380><c> is</c><00:03:09.500><c> relevant</c><00:03:09.890><c> because</c>

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language linguistics is relevant because
 

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language linguistics is relevant because
of<00:03:10.580><c> communications</c><00:03:11.239><c> but</c><00:03:12.020><c> if</c><00:03:12.230><c> their</c><00:03:12.470><c> computer</c>

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of communications but if their computer
 

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of communications but if their computer
protocols<00:03:13.310><c> then</c><00:03:13.640><c> they</c><00:03:13.970><c> will</c><00:03:14.150><c> be</c><00:03:14.269><c> defined</c><00:03:14.630><c> or</c>

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protocols then they will be defined or
 

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protocols then they will be defined or
they'll<00:03:14.930><c> have</c><00:03:15.080><c> a</c><00:03:15.110><c> defined</c><00:03:15.500><c> syntax</c><00:03:16.630><c> hopefully</c>

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they'll have a defined syntax hopefully
 

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they'll have a defined syntax hopefully
machine<00:03:17.900><c> readable</c><00:03:18.200><c> it</c><00:03:18.560><c> will</c><00:03:18.830><c> be</c><00:03:18.950><c> formal</c><00:03:19.340><c> and</c>

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machine readable it will be formal and
 

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machine readable it will be formal and
therefore<00:03:20.450><c> logic</c><00:03:21.080><c> is</c><00:03:21.230><c> relevant</c><00:03:21.590><c> mathematical</c>

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therefore logic is relevant mathematical
 

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therefore logic is relevant mathematical
logic<00:03:22.370><c> in</c><00:03:22.489><c> particular</c><00:03:24.160><c> protocols</c><00:03:25.160><c> computer</c>

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logic in particular protocols computer
 

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logic in particular protocols computer
protocols<00:03:26.709><c> with</c><00:03:27.709><c> utterances</c><00:03:28.190><c> have</c><00:03:29.180><c> the</c><00:03:29.420><c> have</c>

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protocols with utterances have the have
 

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protocols with utterances have the have
may<00:03:31.190><c> be</c><00:03:31.250><c> viewed</c><00:03:31.549><c> in</c><00:03:31.670><c> another</c><00:03:31.910><c> way</c><00:03:32.090><c> and</c><00:03:32.390><c> that</c><00:03:32.780><c> is</c>

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may be viewed in another way and that is
 

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may be viewed in another way and that is
that<00:03:33.080><c> the</c><00:03:33.170><c> utterances</c><00:03:33.680><c> themselves</c><00:03:34.400><c> aim</c><00:03:35.120><c> to</c>

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that the utterances themselves aim to
 

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that the utterances themselves aim to
change<00:03:35.780><c> the</c><00:03:35.989><c> state</c><00:03:36.230><c> of</c><00:03:36.440><c> some</c><00:03:36.650><c> system</c><00:03:37.070><c> so</c><00:03:37.700><c> a</c>

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change the state of some system so a
 

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change the state of some system so a
piece<00:03:38.480><c> of</c><00:03:38.630><c> a</c><00:03:38.840><c> message</c><00:03:39.680><c> being</c><00:03:39.860><c> sent</c><00:03:40.420><c> generally</c>

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piece of a message being sent generally
 

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piece of a message being sent generally
has<00:03:41.780><c> the</c><00:03:41.810><c> purpose</c><00:03:42.320><c> that</c><00:03:42.470><c> it</c><00:03:42.560><c> wants</c><00:03:42.799><c> some</c><00:03:42.980><c> state</c>

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has the purpose that it wants some state
 

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has the purpose that it wants some state
change<00:03:43.820><c> or</c><00:03:44.030><c> it</c><00:03:44.090><c> tends</c><00:03:44.480><c> to</c><00:03:44.630><c> create</c><00:03:45.019><c> some</c><00:03:45.260><c> state</c>

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change or it tends to create some state
 

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change or it tends to create some state
change<00:03:45.799><c> so</c><00:03:46.459><c> we</c><00:03:46.610><c> might</c><00:03:46.820><c> imagine</c><00:03:47.090><c> and</c><00:03:47.420><c> we</c><00:03:47.510><c> can</c>

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change so we might imagine and we can
 

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change so we might imagine and we can
imagine<00:03:48.640><c> utterances</c><00:03:49.640><c> as</c><00:03:49.820><c> being</c><00:03:50.150><c> commands</c><00:03:50.540><c> in</c>

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imagine utterances as being commands in
 

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imagine utterances as being commands in
some<00:03:51.049><c> programming</c><00:03:51.440><c> language</c><00:03:51.830><c> some</c><00:03:52.519><c> is</c><00:03:52.760><c> in</c><00:03:52.940><c> the</c>

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some programming language some is in the
 

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some programming language some is in the
case<00:03:53.180><c> of</c><00:03:53.330><c> suffragettes</c><00:03:53.930><c> the</c><00:03:54.080><c> agent</c><00:03:54.440><c> is</c>

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case of suffragettes the agent is
 

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case of suffragettes the agent is
intending<00:03:55.760><c> to</c><00:03:55.790><c> do</c><00:03:56.090><c> something</c><00:03:56.450><c> intending</c><00:03:56.930><c> to</c>

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intending to do something intending to
 

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intending to do something intending to
to<00:03:57.890><c> change</c><00:03:58.160><c> the</c><00:03:58.400><c> opinion</c><00:03:58.700><c> of</c><00:03:58.940><c> some</c><00:03:59.090><c> other</c>

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to change the opinion of some other
 

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to change the opinion of some other
agent<00:03:59.660><c> or</c><00:03:59.780><c> intending</c><00:04:00.470><c> to</c><00:04:00.530><c> pass</c><00:04:00.709><c> some</c><00:04:00.920><c> factual</c>

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agent or intending to pass some factual
 

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agent or intending to pass some factual
information<00:04:01.660><c> so</c><00:04:02.660><c> of</c><00:04:02.810><c> relevance</c><00:04:03.170><c> if</c><00:04:03.380><c> you</c><00:04:03.530><c> view</c>

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information so of relevance if you view
 

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information so of relevance if you view
it<00:04:03.860><c> this</c><00:04:04.010><c> way</c><00:04:04.190><c> of</c><00:04:04.459><c> relevance</c><00:04:04.880><c> is</c><00:04:05.060><c> program</c>

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it this way of relevance is program
 

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it this way of relevance is program
language<00:04:06.110><c> theory</c><00:04:06.380><c> the</c><00:04:06.560><c> theory</c><00:04:06.860><c> of</c>

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language theory the theory of
 

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language theory the theory of
programming<00:04:07.400><c> languages</c><00:04:07.850><c> in</c><00:04:08.180><c> particular</c><00:04:08.329><c> the</c>

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programming languages in particular the
 

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programming languages in particular the
formal<00:04:09.670><c> semantics</c><00:04:10.670><c> of</c><00:04:10.760><c> programming</c>

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formal semantics of programming
 

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formal semantics of programming
languages<00:04:11.600><c> so</c><00:04:12.440><c> because</c><00:04:12.769><c> of</c><00:04:12.890><c> those</c><00:04:13.010><c> three</c>

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languages so because of those three
 

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languages so because of those three
different<00:04:14.570><c> ways</c><00:04:14.930><c> of</c><00:04:15.140><c> viewing</c><00:04:15.970><c> utterances</c><00:04:16.970><c> in</c>

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different ways of viewing utterances in
 

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different ways of viewing utterances in
protocols<00:04:17.630><c> communication</c><00:04:18.260><c> protocols</c><00:04:18.590><c> we</c>

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protocols communication protocols we
 

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protocols communication protocols we
have<00:04:19.250><c> lots</c><00:04:19.910><c> of</c><00:04:20.030><c> different</c><00:04:20.150><c> techniques</c><00:04:20.570><c> to</c>

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have lots of different techniques to
 

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have lots of different techniques to
come<00:04:20.930><c> to</c>

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come to
 

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come to
use<00:04:21.880><c> and</c><00:04:22.180><c> one</c><00:04:22.840><c> of</c><00:04:22.960><c> those</c><00:04:23.080><c> techniques</c><00:04:23.470><c> comes</c>

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use and one of those techniques comes
 

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use and one of those techniques comes
from<00:04:23.980><c> all</c><00:04:24.160><c> three</c><00:04:24.430><c> of</c><00:04:24.550><c> them</c><00:04:24.670><c> as</c><00:04:24.850><c> that</c><00:04:25.450><c> it's</c><00:04:25.630><c> the</c>

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from all three of them as that it's the
 

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from all three of them as that it's the
concept<00:04:26.080><c> of</c><00:04:26.260><c> semantics</c><00:04:26.830><c> but</c><00:04:27.400><c> all</c><00:04:27.550><c> three</c>

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concept of semantics but all three
 

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concept of semantics but all three
disciplines<00:04:28.330><c> linguistics</c><00:04:29.020><c> logic</c><00:04:29.740><c> and</c>

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disciplines linguistics logic and
 

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disciplines linguistics logic and
program<00:04:30.610><c> language</c><00:04:30.850><c> theory</c><00:04:31.090><c> use</c><00:04:31.720><c> that</c><00:04:31.960><c> word</c>

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program language theory use that word
 

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program language theory use that word
semantics<00:04:32.770><c> in</c><00:04:32.950><c> different</c><00:04:33.250><c> ways</c><00:04:33.370><c> in</c><00:04:34.000><c> this</c>

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semantics in different ways in this
 

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semantics in different ways in this
field<00:04:34.510><c> in</c><00:04:34.780><c> agent</c><00:04:35.500><c> communications</c><00:04:36.100><c> we</c><00:04:36.520><c> use</c><00:04:36.700><c> it</c>

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field in agent communications we use it
 

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field in agent communications we use it
in<00:04:36.940><c> all</c><00:04:37.030><c> those</c><00:04:37.210><c> ways</c><00:04:38.160><c> if</c><00:04:39.160><c> we</c><00:04:39.310><c> think</c><00:04:39.430><c> about</c>

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in all those ways if we think about
 

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in all those ways if we think about
occurrences<00:04:40.090><c> on</c><00:04:40.210><c> the</c><00:04:40.330><c> blockchain</c><00:04:40.740><c> then</c><00:04:41.740><c> the</c>

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occurrences on the blockchain then the
 

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occurrences on the blockchain then the
blockchain<00:04:42.220><c> initially</c><00:04:42.790><c> as</c><00:04:42.880><c> we</c><00:04:43.000><c> all</c><00:04:43.090><c> know</c><00:04:43.270><c> was</c>

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blockchain initially as we all know was
 

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blockchain initially as we all know was
a<00:04:44.380><c> record</c><00:04:44.770><c> of</c><00:04:44.890><c> Bitcoin</c><00:04:45.250><c> and</c><00:04:45.460><c> still</c><00:04:45.700><c> is</c><00:04:45.790><c> a</c><00:04:45.820><c> ret</c>

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a record of Bitcoin and still is a ret
 

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a record of Bitcoin and still is a ret
court<00:04:46.330><c> record</c><00:04:46.750><c> of</c><00:04:46.900><c> Bitcoin</c><00:04:47.260><c> transactions</c><00:04:47.890><c> but</c>

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court record of Bitcoin transactions but
 

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court record of Bitcoin transactions but
in<00:04:48.670><c> the</c><00:04:48.730><c> last</c><00:04:49.110><c> year</c><00:04:50.110><c> perhaps</c><00:04:50.350><c> the</c><00:04:50.590><c> last</c><00:04:50.710><c> six</c>

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in the last year perhaps the last six
 

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in the last year perhaps the last six
months<00:04:51.040><c> even</c><00:04:51.520><c> there's</c><00:04:52.000><c> been</c><00:04:52.180><c> a</c>

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months even there's been a
 

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months even there's been a
transformation<00:04:52.660><c> in</c><00:04:53.260><c> how</c><00:04:53.410><c> people</c><00:04:53.620><c> view</c><00:04:54.040><c> those</c>

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transformation in how people view those
 

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transformation in how people view those
utterances<00:04:54.700><c> so</c><00:04:55.540><c> if</c><00:04:55.690><c> we're</c><00:04:55.870><c> recording</c><00:04:56.410><c> Bitcoin</c>

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utterances so if we're recording Bitcoin
 

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utterances so if we're recording Bitcoin
transactions<00:04:57.550><c> then</c><00:04:58.090><c> we</c><00:04:58.330><c> can</c><00:04:58.450><c> easily</c><00:04:58.570><c> record</c>

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transactions then we can easily record
 

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transactions then we can easily record
transactions<00:04:59.470><c> in</c><00:04:59.590><c> any</c><00:04:59.740><c> currency</c><00:05:00.090><c> people</c>

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transactions in any currency people
 

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transactions in any currency people
quickly<00:05:01.270><c> realize</c><00:05:01.690><c> that</c><00:05:01.720><c> we</c><00:05:02.200><c> could</c><00:05:02.380><c> record</c>

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quickly realize that we could record
 

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quickly realize that we could record
transactions<00:05:03.190><c> of</c><00:05:03.310><c> any</c><00:05:03.460><c> exchange</c><00:05:03.910><c> of</c><00:05:04.240><c> assets</c>

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transactions of any exchange of assets
 

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transactions of any exchange of assets
doesn't<00:05:05.230><c> have</c><00:05:05.350><c> to</c><00:05:05.440><c> be</c><00:05:05.560><c> currency</c><00:05:06.030><c> then</c><00:05:07.030><c> they</c>

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doesn't have to be currency then they
 

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doesn't have to be currency then they
realize<00:05:07.510><c> we</c><00:05:07.630><c> can</c><00:05:07.780><c> record</c><00:05:08.020><c> any</c><00:05:08.230><c> information</c>

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realize we can record any information
 

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realize we can record any information
and<00:05:10.090><c> then</c><00:05:10.390><c> you</c><00:05:10.570><c> people</c><00:05:10.930><c> have</c><00:05:11.020><c> started</c><00:05:11.200><c> to</c>

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and then you people have started to
 

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and then you people have started to
realize<00:05:11.560><c> just</c><00:05:11.680><c> recently</c><00:05:12.070><c> we</c><00:05:12.400><c> can</c><00:05:12.640><c> record</c>

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realize just recently we can record
 

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realize just recently we can record
promises<00:05:13.570><c> and</c><00:05:13.780><c> commitments</c><00:05:14.110><c> to</c><00:05:15.010><c> future</c>

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promises and commitments to future
 

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promises and commitments to future
action<00:05:15.790><c> to</c><00:05:16.150><c> actions</c><00:05:16.600><c> so</c><00:05:17.080><c> not</c><00:05:17.260><c> just</c>

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action to actions so not just
 

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action to actions so not just
information<00:05:17.650><c> about</c><00:05:18.010><c> facts</c><00:05:18.910><c> about</c><00:05:19.060><c> the</c><00:05:19.240><c> world</c>

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information about facts about the world
 

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information about facts about the world
but<00:05:19.780><c> actions</c><00:05:20.260><c> about</c><00:05:20.470><c> our</c><00:05:20.710><c> intentions</c><00:05:21.580><c> or</c><00:05:21.790><c> the</c>

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but actions about our intentions or the
 

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but actions about our intentions or the
intentions<00:05:22.630><c> of</c><00:05:22.750><c> some</c><00:05:22.960><c> entity</c><00:05:23.680><c> and</c><00:05:24.610><c> then</c><00:05:25.150><c> we</c>

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intentions of some entity and then we
 

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intentions of some entity and then we
can<00:05:25.600><c> have</c><00:05:25.780><c> we</c><00:05:26.140><c> can</c><00:05:26.320><c> use</c><00:05:26.500><c> the</c><00:05:26.830><c> these</c><00:05:27.760><c> ideas</c><00:05:28.180><c> just</c>

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can have we can use the these ideas just
 

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can have we can use the these ideas just
really<00:05:28.870><c> jur</c><00:05:28.930><c> as</c><00:05:29.170><c> a</c><00:05:29.470><c> way</c><00:05:29.680><c> to</c><00:05:29.970><c> enable</c><00:05:30.970><c> multiple</c>

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really jur as a way to enable multiple
 

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really jur as a way to enable multiple
parties<00:05:32.350><c> to</c><00:05:32.530><c> make</c><00:05:32.650><c> decisions</c><00:05:33.100><c> so</c><00:05:33.340><c> where</c>

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parties to make decisions so where
 

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parties to make decisions so where
there's<00:05:34.060><c> an</c><00:05:34.180><c> action</c><00:05:34.450><c> that</c><00:05:34.600><c> requires</c><00:05:34.960><c> two</c><00:05:35.290><c> or</c>

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there's an action that requires two or
 

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there's an action that requires two or
more<00:05:35.590><c> parties</c><00:05:36.010><c> to</c><00:05:36.760><c> act</c><00:05:37.060><c> jointly</c><00:05:37.420><c> we</c><00:05:37.930><c> just</c><00:05:38.140><c> saw</c>

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more parties to act jointly we just saw
 

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more parties to act jointly we just saw
an<00:05:38.350><c> example</c><00:05:38.410><c> in</c><00:05:38.890><c> the</c><00:05:39.280><c> previous</c><00:05:39.610><c> couple</c><00:05:40.090><c> of</c>

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an example in the previous couple of
 

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an example in the previous couple of
talks<00:05:40.980><c> then</c><00:05:41.980><c> this</c><00:05:42.340><c> is</c><00:05:42.490><c> a</c><00:05:42.540><c> distributed</c><00:05:43.540><c> idea</c><00:05:44.140><c> or</c>

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talks then this is a distributed idea or
 

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talks then this is a distributed idea or
the<00:05:44.320><c> blockchain</c><00:05:44.500><c> idea</c><00:05:44.860><c> is</c><00:05:44.980><c> a</c><00:05:45.010><c> very</c><00:05:45.310><c> powerful</c>

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the blockchain idea is a very powerful
 

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the blockchain idea is a very powerful
web<00:05:45.910><c> enabling</c><00:05:46.900><c> that</c><00:05:47.490><c> just</c><00:05:48.490><c> just</c><00:05:48.970><c> as</c><00:05:49.330><c> an</c><00:05:49.450><c> aside</c>

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web enabling that just just as an aside
 

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web enabling that just just as an aside
perhaps<00:05:50.500><c> the</c><00:05:50.800><c> most</c><00:05:50.980><c> crucial</c><00:05:51.310><c> example</c><00:05:51.970><c> of</c>

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perhaps the most crucial example of
 

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perhaps the most crucial example of
actions<00:05:52.930><c> that</c><00:05:52.990><c> require</c><00:05:53.230><c> multiple</c><00:05:54.010><c> parties</c><00:05:55.000><c> to</c>

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actions that require multiple parties to
 

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actions that require multiple parties to
act<00:05:55.300><c> is</c><00:05:55.570><c> the</c><00:05:55.780><c> launch</c><00:05:55.960><c> of</c><00:05:56.140><c> nuclear</c><00:05:56.470><c> missiles</c>

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act is the launch of nuclear missiles
 

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act is the launch of nuclear missiles
you<00:05:57.490><c> need</c><00:05:57.640><c> to</c><00:05:57.730><c> have</c><00:05:57.850><c> at</c><00:05:57.940><c> least</c><00:05:57.970><c> two</c><00:05:58.390><c> people</c>

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you need to have at least two people
 

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you need to have at least two people
turn<00:05:59.260><c> the</c><00:05:59.440><c> key</c><00:05:59.650><c> and</c><00:05:59.860><c> those</c><00:06:00.280><c> two</c><00:06:00.460><c> people</c><00:06:00.610><c> must</c>

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turn the key and those two people must
 

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turn the key and those two people must
be<00:06:01.060><c> more</c><00:06:01.240><c> than</c><00:06:01.390><c> an</c><00:06:01.510><c> arm's</c><00:06:01.630><c> length</c><00:06:01.780><c> away</c><00:06:02.050><c> from</c>

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be more than an arm's length away from
 

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be more than an arm's length away from
one<00:06:02.440><c> another</c><00:06:02.680><c> so</c><00:06:02.860><c> that</c><00:06:03.190><c> one</c><00:06:03.310><c> can't</c><00:06:03.580><c> force</c><00:06:03.820><c> the</c>

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one another so that one can't force the
 

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one another so that one can't force the
other<00:06:04.090><c> to</c><00:06:04.270><c> do</c><00:06:04.390><c> it</c><00:06:04.560><c> okay</c><00:06:05.590><c> how</c><00:06:06.400><c> might</c><00:06:07.030><c> we</c><00:06:07.150><c> think</c>

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other to do it okay how might we think
 

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other to do it okay how might we think
about<00:06:07.540><c> this</c><00:06:07.690><c> so</c><00:06:08.320><c> we've</c><00:06:08.560><c> seen</c><00:06:08.770><c> quite</c><00:06:08.980><c> a</c><00:06:09.070><c> few</c>

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about this so we've seen quite a few
 

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about this so we've seen quite a few
different<00:06:09.940><c> layer</c><00:06:10.120><c> stack</c><00:06:10.720><c> diagrams</c><00:06:11.140><c> today</c><00:06:11.410><c> and</c>

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different layer stack diagrams today and
 

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different layer stack diagrams today and
there<00:06:12.100><c> are</c><00:06:12.190><c> many</c><00:06:12.340><c> floating</c><00:06:12.670><c> around</c><00:06:12.880><c> this</c><00:06:13.690><c> is</c>

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there are many floating around this is
 

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there are many floating around this is
the<00:06:13.870><c> one</c><00:06:14.050><c> I</c><00:06:14.080><c> like</c><00:06:14.350><c> to</c><00:06:14.470><c> use</c><00:06:14.500><c> two</c><00:06:15.010><c> tickets</c><00:06:15.430><c> to</c>

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the one I like to use two tickets to
 

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the one I like to use two tickets to
consider<00:06:16.630><c> consider</c><00:06:17.080><c> this</c><00:06:17.350><c> idea</c><00:06:17.590><c> at</c><00:06:18.160><c> the</c>

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consider consider this idea at the
 

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consider consider this idea at the
bottom<00:06:18.910><c> we</c><00:06:19.030><c> have</c><00:06:19.060><c> real</c><00:06:19.420><c> world</c><00:06:19.630><c> events</c><00:06:20.050><c> things</c>

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bottom we have real world events things
 

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bottom we have real world events things
that<00:06:20.500><c> happen</c><00:06:20.770><c> in</c><00:06:20.890><c> the</c><00:06:20.950><c> real</c><00:06:21.070><c> world</c><00:06:21.310><c> real</c><00:06:22.000><c> world</c>

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that happen in the real world real world
 

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that happen in the real world real world
events<00:06:22.510><c> and</c><00:06:22.630><c> actions</c><00:06:23.010><c> above</c><00:06:24.010><c> that</c><00:06:24.190><c> we</c><00:06:24.370><c> have</c>

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events and actions above that we have
 

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events and actions above that we have
dialogues<00:06:25.150><c> we</c><00:06:25.510><c> can</c><00:06:25.660><c> think</c><00:06:25.780><c> about</c><00:06:25.900><c> them</c><00:06:26.170><c> as</c>

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dialogues we can think about them as
 

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dialogues we can think about them as
being<00:06:26.440><c> separate</c><00:06:26.830><c> dialogues</c><00:06:27.790><c> about</c><00:06:27.970><c> those</c>

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being separate dialogues about those
 

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being separate dialogues about those
events<00:06:28.600><c> and</c><00:06:28.750><c> actions</c><00:06:29.140><c> so</c><00:06:29.710><c> there</c><00:06:29.860><c> might</c><00:06:30.040><c> be</c>

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events and actions so there might be
 

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events and actions so there might be
dialogues<00:06:31.000><c> between</c><00:06:31.180><c> humans</c><00:06:31.720><c> there</c><00:06:32.110><c> might</c><00:06:32.380><c> be</c>

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dialogues between humans there might be
 

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dialogues between humans there might be
dialogues<00:06:32.860><c> between</c><00:06:33.040><c> machines</c><00:06:33.610><c> for</c><00:06:34.330><c> our</c>

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dialogues between machines for our
 

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dialogues between machines for our
purposes<00:06:34.810><c> that</c>

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purposes that
 

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purposes that
matter<00:06:35.409><c> their</c><00:06:36.159><c> dialogues</c><00:06:36.639><c> those</c><00:06:37.629><c> dialogues</c>

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matter their dialogues those dialogues
 

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matter their dialogues those dialogues
and<00:06:38.379><c> those</c><00:06:38.860><c> events</c><00:06:39.009><c> at</c><00:06:39.310><c> the</c><00:06:39.400><c> bottom</c><00:06:39.699><c> in</c><00:06:39.849><c> the</c>

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and those events at the bottom in the
 

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and those events at the bottom in the
bottom<00:06:40.150><c> layer</c><00:06:40.330><c> end</c><00:06:40.629><c> up</c><00:06:41.199><c> creating</c><00:06:42.930><c> records</c><00:06:43.930><c> on</c>

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bottom layer end up creating records on
 

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bottom layer end up creating records on
some<00:06:44.319><c> shared</c><00:06:44.590><c> some</c><00:06:45.189><c> shared</c><00:06:45.400><c> database</c><00:06:45.789><c> so</c><00:06:46.270><c> for</c>

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some shared some shared database so for
 

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some shared some shared database so for
example<00:06:46.900><c> the</c><00:06:46.960><c> blockchain</c><00:06:47.229><c> and</c><00:06:47.680><c> then</c><00:06:48.550><c> we</c><00:06:48.699><c> might</c>

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example the blockchain and then we might
 

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example the blockchain and then we might
imagine<00:06:49.120><c> inference</c><00:06:49.840><c> over</c><00:06:50.229><c> those</c><00:06:50.379><c> records</c><00:06:50.919><c> so</c>

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imagine inference over those records so
 

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imagine inference over those records so
the<00:06:51.219><c> inferences</c><00:06:51.639><c> might</c><00:06:51.849><c> be</c><00:06:51.999><c> smart</c><00:06:52.270><c> contracts</c>

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the inferences might be smart contracts
 

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the inferences might be smart contracts
they<00:06:53.110><c> might</c><00:06:53.259><c> be</c><00:06:53.379><c> reputation</c><00:06:53.889><c> systems</c><00:06:54.219><c> they</c>

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they might be reputation systems they
 

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they might be reputation systems they
might<00:06:54.520><c> be</c><00:06:54.610><c> some</c><00:06:54.759><c> combination</c><00:06:55.270><c> of</c><00:06:55.330><c> both</c><00:06:55.389><c> so</c><00:06:55.900><c> if</c>

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might be some combination of both so if
 

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might be some combination of both so if
we<00:06:56.680><c> can</c><00:06:56.889><c> separate</c><00:06:57.729><c> out</c><00:06:57.909><c> the</c><00:06:58.090><c> different</c>

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we can separate out the different
 

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we can separate out the different
components<00:06:58.840><c> like</c><00:06:58.960><c> this</c><00:06:59.110><c> I</c><00:06:59.289><c> think</c><00:06:59.469><c> that</c><00:06:59.710><c> helps</c>

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components like this I think that helps
 

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components like this I think that helps
us<00:07:00.099><c> understand</c><00:07:00.580><c> what</c><00:07:01.150><c> we're</c><00:07:01.330><c> modeling</c><00:07:01.689><c> and</c>

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us understand what we're modeling and
 

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us understand what we're modeling and
where<00:07:02.139><c> where</c><00:07:02.800><c> our</c><00:07:03.099><c> records</c><00:07:03.789><c> being</c><00:07:03.939><c> created</c><00:07:04.389><c> in</c>

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where where our records being created in
 

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where where our records being created in
what's<00:07:04.719><c> happening</c><00:07:05.050><c> to</c><00:07:05.169><c> those</c><00:07:05.319><c> records</c><00:07:06.330><c> okay</c>

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what's happening to those records okay
 

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what's happening to those records okay
so<00:07:08.050><c> from</c><00:07:08.319><c> linguistics</c><00:07:08.830><c> I</c><00:07:08.919><c> said</c><00:07:09.159><c> linguistics</c>

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so from linguistics I said linguistics
 

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so from linguistics I said linguistics
was<00:07:09.819><c> relevant</c><00:07:10.779><c> here</c><00:07:11.020><c> we</c><00:07:11.860><c> talked</c><00:07:12.069><c> about</c><00:07:12.310><c> in</c>

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was relevant here we talked about in
 

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was relevant here we talked about in
linguists<00:07:13.120><c> talk</c><00:07:13.270><c> about</c><00:07:13.479><c> syntax</c><00:07:13.930><c> semantics</c>

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linguists talk about syntax semantics
 

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linguists talk about syntax semantics
and<00:07:15.009><c> pragmatics</c><00:07:15.639><c> so</c><00:07:16.270><c> syntax</c><00:07:16.629><c> is</c><00:07:16.779><c> the</c><00:07:16.810><c> logical</c>

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and pragmatics so syntax is the logical
 

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and pragmatics so syntax is the logical
form<00:07:17.500><c> of</c><00:07:17.830><c> some</c><00:07:18.370><c> utterance</c><00:07:18.699><c> so</c><00:07:19.509><c> I</c><00:07:19.539><c> have</c><00:07:19.779><c> a</c>

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form of some utterance so I have a
 

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form of some utterance so I have a
hundred-pound<00:07:20.319><c> that's</c><00:07:21.009><c> an</c><00:07:21.129><c> English</c><00:07:21.370><c> sentence</c>

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hundred-pound that's an English sentence
 

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hundred-pound that's an English sentence
it<00:07:22.330><c> has</c><00:07:22.360><c> a</c><00:07:22.569><c> subject</c><00:07:23.169><c> an</c><00:07:23.289><c> object</c><00:07:23.620><c> in</c><00:07:23.740><c> a</c><00:07:23.800><c> verb</c>

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it has a subject an object in a verb
 

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it has a subject an object in a verb
have<00:07:26.199><c> is</c><00:07:26.319><c> the</c><00:07:26.469><c> verb</c><00:07:26.620><c> and</c><00:07:26.889><c> we</c><00:07:26.949><c> English</c><00:07:27.699><c> grammar</c>

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have is the verb and we English grammar
 

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have is the verb and we English grammar
exists<00:07:28.569><c> we</c><00:07:28.719><c> have</c><00:07:29.259><c> rules</c><00:07:29.500><c> about</c><00:07:29.620><c> how</c><00:07:29.889><c> we</c>

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exists we have rules about how we
 

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exists we have rules about how we
formulate<00:07:30.339><c> and</c><00:07:30.729><c> express</c><00:07:31.360><c> sentences</c>

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formulate and express sentences
 

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formulate and express sentences
linguists<00:07:33.759><c> are</c><00:07:33.909><c> not</c><00:07:34.449><c> agreed</c><00:07:34.870><c> about</c><00:07:35.110><c> the</c>

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linguists are not agreed about the
 

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linguists are not agreed about the
definition<00:07:35.889><c> of</c><00:07:36.159><c> the</c><00:07:36.370><c> differences</c><00:07:36.909><c> between</c>

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definition of the differences between
 

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definition of the differences between
semantics<00:07:37.810><c> and</c><00:07:37.930><c> pragmatics</c><00:07:38.409><c> but</c><00:07:38.979><c> one</c><00:07:39.129><c> common</c>

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semantics and pragmatics but one common
 

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semantics and pragmatics but one common
approach<00:07:39.639><c> is</c><00:07:40.000><c> to</c><00:07:40.150><c> say</c><00:07:40.330><c> that</c><00:07:40.960><c> semantics</c><00:07:41.500><c> is</c><00:07:41.680><c> the</c>

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approach is to say that semantics is the
 

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approach is to say that semantics is the
relationship<00:07:42.400><c> between</c><00:07:42.430><c> the</c><00:07:43.120><c> syntax</c><00:07:43.569><c> on</c><00:07:43.870><c> the</c>

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relationship between the syntax on the
 

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relationship between the syntax on the
one<00:07:44.379><c> hand</c><00:07:44.589><c> and</c><00:07:45.089><c> real</c><00:07:46.089><c> world</c><00:07:46.360><c> on</c><00:07:46.599><c> the</c><00:07:46.810><c> other</c><00:07:46.990><c> so</c>

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one hand and real world on the other so
 

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one hand and real world on the other so
whether<00:07:47.979><c> the</c><00:07:48.159><c> statement</c><00:07:48.550><c> is</c><00:07:48.610><c> true</c><00:07:48.669><c> or</c><00:07:49.029><c> false</c>

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whether the statement is true or false
 

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whether the statement is true or false
for<00:07:49.569><c> example</c><00:07:49.990><c> is</c><00:07:50.169><c> a</c><00:07:50.229><c> semantic</c><00:07:50.830><c> question</c><00:07:50.979><c> a</c>

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for example is a semantic question a
 

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for example is a semantic question a
question<00:07:51.879><c> about</c><00:07:51.969><c> the</c><00:07:52.210><c> meaning</c><00:07:52.599><c> of</c><00:07:52.689><c> the</c>

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question about the meaning of the
 

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question about the meaning of the
statement<00:07:53.349><c> so</c><00:07:54.039><c> do</c><00:07:54.460><c> I</c><00:07:54.520><c> have</c><00:07:54.610><c> a</c><00:07:54.789><c> hundred-pound</c>

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statement so do I have a hundred-pound
 

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statement so do I have a hundred-pound
well<00:07:55.599><c> I</c><00:07:55.839><c> would</c><00:07:56.379><c> if</c><00:07:56.560><c> I</c><00:07:56.740><c> needed</c><00:07:57.069><c> to</c><00:07:57.189><c> verify</c><00:07:57.610><c> that</c>

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well I would if I needed to verify that
 

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well I would if I needed to verify that
statement<00:07:58.120><c> I'd</c><00:07:58.180><c> have</c><00:07:58.360><c> to</c><00:07:58.449><c> show</c><00:07:58.599><c> the</c><00:07:58.750><c> money</c><00:07:58.930><c> or</c>

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statement I'd have to show the money or
 

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statement I'd have to show the money or
point<00:07:59.979><c> to</c><00:08:00.099><c> a</c><00:08:00.129><c> bank</c><00:08:00.339><c> account</c><00:08:00.430><c> balance</c><00:08:01.000><c> that</c>

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point to a bank account balance that
 

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point to a bank account balance that
should<00:08:01.659><c> show</c><00:08:02.199><c> that</c><00:08:02.229><c> I</c><00:08:02.500><c> have</c><00:08:02.680><c> that</c><00:08:02.800><c> money</c><00:08:02.979><c> so</c>

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should show that I have that money so
 

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should show that I have that money so
semantics<00:08:04.149><c> is</c><00:08:04.270><c> about</c><00:08:04.479><c> the</c><00:08:04.599><c> relationship</c>

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semantics is about the relationship
 

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semantics is about the relationship
between<00:08:05.080><c> the</c><00:08:05.469><c> statement</c><00:08:05.949><c> the</c><00:08:06.430><c> syntax</c><00:08:06.819><c> on</c><00:08:07.029><c> the</c>

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between the statement the syntax on the
 

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between the statement the syntax on the
one<00:08:07.210><c> hand</c><00:08:07.389><c> and</c><00:08:07.599><c> the</c><00:08:08.110><c> reality</c><00:08:08.560><c> on</c><00:08:08.770><c> the</c><00:08:09.039><c> other</c>

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one hand and the reality on the other
 

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one hand and the reality on the other
pragmatics<00:08:10.750><c> is</c><00:08:10.870><c> about</c><00:08:11.110><c> anything</c><00:08:11.289><c> else</c>

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pragmatics is about anything else
 

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pragmatics is about anything else
related<00:08:12.460><c> to</c><00:08:12.759><c> the</c><00:08:12.879><c> meaning</c><00:08:13.060><c> of</c><00:08:13.210><c> the</c><00:08:13.330><c> statement</c>

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related to the meaning of the statement
 

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related to the meaning of the statement
that's<00:08:14.139><c> not</c><00:08:14.439><c> about</c><00:08:14.620><c> the</c><00:08:14.770><c> truth</c><00:08:15.009><c> or</c><00:08:15.250><c> falsity</c>

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that's not about the truth or falsity
 

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that's not about the truth or falsity
so<00:08:16.449><c> pragmatics</c><00:08:17.259><c> is</c><00:08:17.439><c> often</c><00:08:17.680><c> about</c><00:08:17.889><c> how</c><00:08:17.949><c> is</c><00:08:18.520><c> a</c>

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so pragmatics is often about how is a
 

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so pragmatics is often about how is a
statement<00:08:18.909><c> correctly</c><00:08:19.509><c> used</c><00:08:19.870><c> so</c><00:08:20.860><c> a</c><00:08:20.889><c> statement</c>

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statement correctly used so a statement
 

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statement correctly used so a statement
such<00:08:21.490><c> as</c><00:08:21.520><c> I</c><00:08:21.729><c> promised</c><00:08:22.149><c> to</c><00:08:22.330><c> give</c><00:08:22.539><c> you</c><00:08:22.689><c> 50</c><00:08:23.259><c> pound</c>

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such as I promised to give you 50 pound
 

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such as I promised to give you 50 pound
that's<00:08:24.250><c> a</c><00:08:24.399><c> promise</c><00:08:24.789><c> that</c><00:08:25.029><c> has</c><00:08:25.779><c> no</c><00:08:25.960><c> truth</c><00:08:26.259><c> value</c>

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that's a promise that has no truth value
 

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that's a promise that has no truth value
there's<00:08:27.039><c> no</c><00:08:27.159><c> no</c><00:08:27.639><c> sensible</c><00:08:28.149><c> way</c><00:08:28.360><c> to</c><00:08:28.629><c> say</c><00:08:29.050><c> that's</c>

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there's no no sensible way to say that's
 

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there's no no sensible way to say that's
true<00:08:29.529><c> or</c><00:08:29.649><c> false</c>

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true or false
 

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true or false
who<00:08:30.699><c> knows</c><00:08:31.180><c> what</c><00:08:31.419><c> what's</c><00:08:31.750><c> inside</c><00:08:32.110><c> my</c><00:08:32.260><c> head</c><00:08:32.469><c> you</c>

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who knows what what's inside my head you
 

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who knows what what's inside my head you
can't<00:08:32.829><c> verify</c><00:08:33.279><c> what's</c><00:08:33.490><c> inside</c><00:08:33.789><c> my</c><00:08:33.909><c> head</c>

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can't verify what's inside my head
 

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can't verify what's inside my head
promise<00:08:35.469><c> requires</c><00:08:36.430><c> we'll</c><00:08:36.610><c> see</c><00:08:36.760><c> in</c><00:08:36.820><c> a</c><00:08:36.880><c> moment</c><00:08:37.209><c> I</c>

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promise requires we'll see in a moment I
 

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promise requires we'll see in a moment I
promise<00:08:37.719><c> requires</c><00:08:38.110><c> some</c><00:08:38.380><c> participation</c><00:08:38.860><c> from</c>

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promise requires some participation from
 

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promise requires some participation from
the<00:08:39.519><c> from</c><00:08:39.940><c> the</c><00:08:40.060><c> audience</c><00:08:40.390><c> from</c><00:08:40.570><c> the</c><00:08:40.750><c> person</c><00:08:41.079><c> to</c>

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the from the audience from the person to
 

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the from the audience from the person to
whom<00:08:41.560><c> the</c><00:08:41.740><c> promise</c><00:08:41.890><c> is</c><00:08:42.159><c> made</c><00:08:42.190><c> and</c><00:08:42.669><c> in</c><00:08:43.479><c> many</c>

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whom the promise is made and in many
 

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whom the promise is made and in many
situations<00:08:44.290><c> in</c><00:08:44.470><c> many</c><00:08:44.649><c> real-world</c><00:08:45.279><c> situations</c>

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situations in many real-world situations
 

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situations in many real-world situations
the<00:08:46.600><c> pragmatics</c><00:08:47.170><c> the</c><00:08:47.410><c> rule</c>

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the pragmatics the rule
 

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the pragmatics the rule
under<00:08:48.110><c> which</c><00:08:48.230><c> statements</c><00:08:49.160><c> might</c><00:08:49.310><c> be</c><00:08:49.430><c> made</c><00:08:49.640><c> and</c>

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under which statements might be made and
 

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under which statements might be made and
the<00:08:50.300><c> rules</c><00:08:50.480><c> under</c><00:08:50.630><c> which</c><00:08:50.750><c> they</c><00:08:51.020><c> are</c><00:08:51.050><c> turned</c>

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the rules under which they are turned
 

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the rules under which they are turned
into<00:08:51.470><c> commitments</c><00:08:51.950><c> become</c><00:08:52.580><c> very</c><00:08:52.790><c> important</c>

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into commitments become very important
 

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into commitments become very important
so<00:08:55.370><c> why</c><00:08:55.490><c> do</c><00:08:55.550><c> we</c><00:08:55.640><c> look</c><00:08:55.850><c> at</c><00:08:55.940><c> semantics</c><00:08:56.330><c> and</c>

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so why do we look at semantics and
 

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so why do we look at semantics and
pragmatics<00:08:56.900><c> well</c><00:08:57.020><c> I</c><00:08:57.170><c> thought</c><00:08:57.380><c> I</c><00:08:57.440><c> might</c><00:08:57.560><c> have</c>

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pragmatics well I thought I might have
 

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pragmatics well I thought I might have
to<00:08:57.890><c> justify</c><00:08:58.190><c> this</c><00:08:58.370><c> but</c><00:08:58.610><c> we</c><00:08:58.670><c> had</c><00:08:58.790><c> a</c><00:08:58.820><c> couple</c><00:08:59.000><c> of</c>

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to justify this but we had a couple of
 

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to justify this but we had a couple of
talks<00:08:59.390><c> today</c><00:08:59.570><c> really</c><00:09:00.440><c> good</c><00:09:00.650><c> talks</c><00:09:01.280><c> about</c>

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talks today really good talks about
 

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talks today really good talks about
formal<00:09:02.210><c> semantics</c><00:09:02.570><c> and</c><00:09:02.690><c> formal</c><00:09:03.020><c> verification</c>

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formal semantics and formal verification
 

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formal semantics and formal verification
here<00:09:04.640><c> we're</c><00:09:04.790><c> talking</c><00:09:04.910><c> about</c><00:09:05.180><c> communication</c>

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here we're talking about communication
 

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here we're talking about communication
protocols<00:09:06.320><c> in</c><00:09:06.620><c> any</c><00:09:07.160><c> communication</c><00:09:07.940><c> we</c><00:09:08.390><c> want</c>

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protocols in any communication we want
 

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protocols in any communication we want
the<00:09:08.750><c> entities</c><00:09:09.170><c> that</c><00:09:09.200><c> are</c><00:09:09.440><c> doing</c><00:09:09.590><c> the</c>

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the entities that are doing the
 

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the entities that are doing the
communicating<00:09:10.430><c> are</c><00:09:11.060><c> their</c><00:09:11.300><c> agents</c><00:09:11.660><c> or</c><00:09:11.780><c> people</c>

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communicating are their agents or people
 

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communicating are their agents or people
we<00:09:12.590><c> want</c><00:09:12.800><c> them</c><00:09:13.010><c> to</c><00:09:13.040><c> have</c><00:09:13.460><c> a</c><00:09:13.490><c> shared</c>

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we want them to have a shared
 

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we want them to have a shared
understanding<00:09:13.880><c> of</c><00:09:14.390><c> what</c><00:09:14.540><c> they're</c>

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understanding of what they're
 

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understanding of what they're
communicating<00:09:14.870><c> about</c><00:09:15.500><c> that's</c><00:09:16.310><c> not</c>

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communicating about that's not
 

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communicating about that's not
necessarily<00:09:17.000><c> as</c><00:09:17.210><c> as</c><00:09:17.450><c> easy</c><00:09:17.660><c> as</c><00:09:17.870><c> I</c><00:09:17.930><c> make</c><00:09:18.080><c> it</c>

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necessarily as as easy as I make it
 

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necessarily as as easy as I make it
sound<00:09:18.380><c> but</c><00:09:18.860><c> we</c><00:09:18.950><c> need</c><00:09:19.160><c> if</c><00:09:19.580><c> there</c><00:09:19.880><c> are</c><00:09:20.000><c> agent</c>

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sound but we need if there are agent
 

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sound but we need if there are agent
communications<00:09:21.110><c> the</c><00:09:21.230><c> agents</c><00:09:21.740><c> involved</c><00:09:21.980><c> have</c>

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communications the agents involved have
 

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communications the agents involved have
to<00:09:22.430><c> think</c><00:09:22.730><c> that</c><00:09:22.970><c> meaning</c><00:09:23.750><c> the</c><00:09:23.870><c> same</c><00:09:24.020><c> thing</c>

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to think that meaning the same thing
 

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to think that meaning the same thing
when<00:09:24.500><c> they</c><00:09:24.590><c> make</c><00:09:24.920><c> utterances</c><00:09:25.400><c> to</c><00:09:25.460><c> one</c><00:09:25.640><c> another</c>

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when they make utterances to one another
 

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when they make utterances to one another
in<00:09:26.870><c> computer</c><00:09:27.410><c> protocols</c><00:09:27.890><c> they</c><00:09:28.190><c> typically</c>

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in computer protocols they typically
 

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in computer protocols they typically
different<00:09:30.200><c> entities</c><00:09:31.190><c> in</c><00:09:31.400><c> the</c><00:09:31.580><c> system</c><00:09:32.120><c> are</c>

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different entities in the system are
 

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different entities in the system are
developed<00:09:32.870><c> by</c><00:09:32.960><c> different</c><00:09:33.350><c> development</c><00:09:33.830><c> teams</c>

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developed by different development teams
 

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developed by different development teams
so<00:09:34.760><c> they</c><00:09:34.940><c> too</c><00:09:35.000><c> need</c><00:09:35.450><c> a</c><00:09:35.510><c> shared</c><00:09:35.810><c> understanding</c>

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so they too need a shared understanding
 

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so they too need a shared understanding
they<00:09:36.860><c> need</c><00:09:36.890><c> the</c><00:09:37.190><c> same</c><00:09:37.400><c> hopefully</c><00:09:37.970><c> the</c><00:09:38.240><c> same</c>

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they need the same hopefully the same
 

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they need the same hopefully the same
shared<00:09:39.200><c> understanding</c><00:09:39.770><c> of</c><00:09:39.830><c> what</c><00:09:39.890><c> they're</c>

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shared understanding of what they're
 

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shared understanding of what they're
saying<00:09:40.310><c> so</c><00:09:40.580><c> this</c><00:09:41.390><c> is</c><00:09:41.620><c> linguistic</c><00:09:42.620><c> semantics</c>

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saying so this is linguistic semantics
 

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saying so this is linguistic semantics
what<00:09:43.250><c> a</c><00:09:43.550><c> common</c><00:09:44.000><c> meaning</c><00:09:44.360><c> for</c><00:09:44.840><c> for</c><00:09:45.710><c> statements</c>

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what a common meaning for for statements
 

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what a common meaning for for statements
it<00:09:46.970><c> turns</c><00:09:47.180><c> out</c><00:09:47.330><c> that</c><00:09:47.510><c> having</c><00:09:48.110><c> a</c><00:09:48.290><c> good</c><00:09:48.500><c> formal</c>

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it turns out that having a good formal
 

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it turns out that having a good formal
semantics<00:09:49.550><c> for</c><00:09:49.990><c> communication</c><00:09:50.990><c> protocols</c>

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semantics for communication protocols
 

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semantics for communication protocols
also<00:09:52.400><c> helps</c><00:09:52.700><c> with</c><00:09:52.940><c> the</c><00:09:53.230><c> specification</c><00:09:54.230><c> design</c>

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also helps with the specification design
 

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also helps with the specification design
and<00:09:54.830><c> the</c><00:09:54.950><c> coding</c><00:09:55.340><c> of</c><00:09:55.400><c> those</c><00:09:55.580><c> protocols</c><00:09:56.120><c> so</c><00:09:56.870><c> one</c>

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and the coding of those protocols so one
 

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and the coding of those protocols so one
of<00:09:57.680><c> the</c><00:09:57.800><c> talks</c><00:09:57.980><c> this</c><00:09:58.100><c> morning</c><00:09:58.280><c> we</c><00:09:58.580><c> we</c><00:09:58.970><c> heard</c>

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of the talks this morning we we heard
 

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of the talks this morning we we heard
about<00:10:00.880><c> formal</c><00:10:01.880><c> verification</c><00:10:02.290><c> where</c><00:10:03.290><c> there's</c>

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about formal verification where there's
 

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about formal verification where there's
proof<00:10:03.740><c> by</c><00:10:03.920><c> construction</c><00:10:04.460><c> so</c><00:10:04.730><c> just</c><00:10:04.970><c> by</c><00:10:05.090><c> doing</c>

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proof by construction so just by doing
 

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proof by construction so just by doing
the<00:10:05.540><c> design</c><00:10:05.840><c> in</c><00:10:06.140><c> the</c><00:10:06.350><c> appropriate</c><00:10:06.740><c> formal</c>

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the design in the appropriate formal
 

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the design in the appropriate formal
language<00:10:07.400><c> it</c><00:10:07.820><c> automatically</c><00:10:08.450><c> you</c><00:10:08.870><c> could</c>

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language it automatically you could
 

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language it automatically you could
automatically<00:10:09.410><c> generate</c><00:10:09.800><c> the</c><00:10:09.920><c> code</c><00:10:10.100><c> similar</c>

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automatically generate the code similar
 

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automatically generate the code similar
thing<00:10:11.150><c> happens</c><00:10:11.450><c> here</c><00:10:11.950><c> we</c><00:10:12.950><c> want</c><00:10:13.160><c> also</c><00:10:13.460><c> to</c>

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thing happens here we want also to
 

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thing happens here we want also to
verify<00:10:14.240><c> properties</c><00:10:14.720><c> of</c><00:10:14.840><c> protocols</c><00:10:15.290><c> so</c>

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verify properties of protocols so
 

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verify properties of protocols so
questions<00:10:16.550><c> like</c><00:10:16.700><c> fairness</c><00:10:17.000><c> and</c><00:10:17.300><c> termination</c>

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questions like fairness and termination
 

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questions like fairness and termination
that<00:10:18.620><c> the</c><00:10:18.740><c> protocol</c><00:10:19.070><c> terminates</c><00:10:19.520><c> or</c><00:10:19.700><c> ends</c><00:10:20.120><c> or</c>

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that the protocol terminates or ends or
 

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that the protocol terminates or ends or
doesn't<00:10:20.750><c> end</c><00:10:20.870><c> if</c><00:10:20.990><c> you</c><00:10:21.050><c> don't</c><00:10:21.200><c> want</c><00:10:21.350><c> that</c><00:10:21.470><c> or</c>

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doesn't end if you don't want that or
 

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doesn't end if you don't want that or
that<00:10:22.070><c> no</c><00:10:22.400><c> gridlock</c><00:10:22.790><c> state</c><00:10:23.060><c> comes</c><00:10:23.300><c> about</c><00:10:23.510><c> so</c>

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that no gridlock state comes about so
 

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that no gridlock state comes about so
formal<00:10:24.470><c> verification</c><00:10:24.620><c> as</c><00:10:25.220><c> in</c><00:10:25.460><c> the</c><00:10:25.580><c> top</c><00:10:26.180><c> two</c><00:10:26.540><c> or</c>

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formal verification as in the top two or
 

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formal verification as in the top two or
three<00:10:26.630><c> talks</c><00:10:26.900><c> ago</c><00:10:27.140><c> we</c><00:10:27.590><c> want</c><00:10:27.830><c> that</c><00:10:28.010><c> generally</c>

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three talks ago we want that generally
 

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three talks ago we want that generally
we<00:10:28.670><c> want</c><00:10:28.820><c> that</c><00:10:28.910><c> for</c><00:10:28.970><c> communication</c><00:10:29.750><c> protocols</c>

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we want that for communication protocols
 

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we want that for communication protocols
as<00:10:30.290><c> well</c><00:10:30.320><c> and</c><00:10:30.910><c> if</c><00:10:31.910><c> we're</c><00:10:32.030><c> going</c><00:10:32.150><c> to</c><00:10:32.240><c> do</c>

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as well and if we're going to do
 

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as well and if we're going to do
automated<00:10:33.020><c> inferences</c><00:10:33.470><c> if</c><00:10:33.740><c> we're</c><00:10:33.920><c> going</c><00:10:34.040><c> to</c>

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automated inferences if we're going to
 

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automated inferences if we're going to
go<00:10:34.340><c> if</c><00:10:34.910><c> I</c><00:10:35.000><c> go</c><00:10:35.150><c> back</c><00:10:35.330><c> to</c><00:10:35.510><c> this</c><00:10:35.600><c> picture</c><00:10:35.780><c> if</c><00:10:36.020><c> go</c><00:10:36.200><c> to</c>

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go if I go back to this picture if go to
 

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go if I go back to this picture if go to
the<00:10:36.440><c> top</c><00:10:36.650><c> layer</c><00:10:36.860><c> if</c><00:10:37.130><c> we</c><00:10:37.580><c> want</c><00:10:37.760><c> those</c>

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the top layer if we want those
 

00:10:37.940 --> 00:10:39.730 align:start position:0%
the top layer if we want those
inferences<00:10:38.510><c> at</c><00:10:38.840><c> the</c><00:10:38.960><c> top</c><00:10:39.140><c> layer</c><00:10:39.320><c> to</c><00:10:39.500><c> be</c>

00:10:39.730 --> 00:10:39.740 align:start position:0%
inferences at the top layer to be
 

00:10:39.740 --> 00:10:42.160 align:start position:0%
inferences at the top layer to be
themselves<00:10:39.950><c> automated</c><00:10:40.760><c> then</c><00:10:41.300><c> we</c><00:10:41.930><c> need</c><00:10:42.140><c> a</c>

00:10:42.160 --> 00:10:42.170 align:start position:0%
themselves automated then we need a
 

00:10:42.170 --> 00:10:45.040 align:start position:0%
themselves automated then we need a
formal<00:10:42.560><c> semantics</c><00:10:43.810><c> typically</c><00:10:44.810><c> we</c><00:10:44.900><c> need</c><00:10:45.020><c> a</c>

00:10:45.040 --> 00:10:45.050 align:start position:0%
formal semantics typically we need a
 

00:10:45.050 --> 00:10:46.540 align:start position:0%
formal semantics typically we need a
formal<00:10:45.380><c> semantics</c><00:10:45.740><c> for</c><00:10:45.800><c> the</c><00:10:45.950><c> protocol</c><00:10:46.310><c> so</c>

00:10:46.540 --> 00:10:46.550 align:start position:0%
formal semantics for the protocol so
 

00:10:46.550 --> 00:10:48.730 align:start position:0%
formal semantics for the protocol so
that<00:10:46.580><c> a</c><00:10:46.880><c> machine</c><00:10:47.300><c> can</c><00:10:47.570><c> read</c><00:10:47.750><c> those</c><00:10:47.990><c> and</c><00:10:48.320><c> make</c>

00:10:48.730 --> 00:10:48.740 align:start position:0%
that a machine can read those and make
 

00:10:48.740 --> 00:10:52.300 align:start position:0%
that a machine can read those and make
sense<00:10:48.980><c> of</c><00:10:49.100><c> those</c><00:10:49.250><c> so</c><00:10:49.970><c> quite</c><00:10:50.900><c> often</c><00:10:51.310><c> there's</c>

00:10:52.300 --> 00:10:52.310 align:start position:0%
sense of those so quite often there's
 

00:10:52.310 --> 00:10:54.460 align:start position:0%
sense of those so quite often there's
often<00:10:52.520><c> a</c><00:10:52.580><c> tension</c><00:10:53.000><c> between</c><00:10:53.320><c> developers</c><00:10:54.320><c> on</c>

00:10:54.460 --> 00:10:54.470 align:start position:0%
often a tension between developers on
 

00:10:54.470 --> 00:10:56.350 align:start position:0%
often a tension between developers on
the<00:10:54.500><c> one</c><00:10:54.650><c> hand</c><00:10:54.800><c> you</c><00:10:54.920><c> just</c><00:10:55.100><c> want</c><00:10:55.220><c> to</c><00:10:55.250><c> go</c><00:10:55.370><c> a</c><00:10:55.400><c> code</c>

00:10:56.350 --> 00:10:56.360 align:start position:0%
the one hand you just want to go a code
 

00:10:56.360 --> 00:10:58.720 align:start position:0%
the one hand you just want to go a code
and<00:10:56.450><c> people</c><00:10:57.260><c> come</c><00:10:57.440><c> along</c><00:10:57.529><c> later</c><00:10:57.860><c> can</c><00:10:58.550><c> us</c>

00:10:58.720 --> 00:10:58.730 align:start position:0%
and people come along later can us
 

00:10:58.730 --> 00:10:59.980 align:start position:0%
and people come along later can us
computer<00:10:59.089><c> scientists</c><00:10:59.390><c> to</c><00:10:59.420><c> come</c><00:10:59.600><c> along</c><00:10:59.779><c> later</c>

00:10:59.980 --> 00:10:59.990 align:start position:0%
computer scientists to come along later
 

00:10:59.990 --> 00:11:01.900 align:start position:0%
computer scientists to come along later
and<00:11:00.050><c> say</c><00:11:00.200><c> hey</c><00:11:00.320><c> do</c><00:11:00.380><c> it</c><00:11:00.560><c> hey</c><00:11:00.800><c> wait</c><00:11:01.399><c> a</c><00:11:01.430><c> minute</c>

00:11:01.900 --> 00:11:01.910 align:start position:0%
and say hey do it hey wait a minute
 

00:11:01.910 --> 00:11:03.730 align:start position:0%
and say hey do it hey wait a minute
you<00:11:02.149><c> need</c><00:11:02.360><c> to</c><00:11:02.510><c> you</c><00:11:02.810><c> need</c><00:11:02.930><c> to</c><00:11:02.990><c> formalize</c><00:11:03.680><c> what</c>

00:11:03.730 --> 00:11:03.740 align:start position:0%
you need to you need to formalize what
 

00:11:03.740 --> 00:11:05.800 align:start position:0%
you need to you need to formalize what
you're<00:11:04.010><c> doing</c><00:11:04.190><c> and</c><00:11:04.339><c> people</c><00:11:05.240><c> in</c><00:11:05.329><c> AI</c><00:11:05.450><c> are</c>

00:11:05.800 --> 00:11:05.810 align:start position:0%
you're doing and people in AI are
 

00:11:05.810 --> 00:11:07.810 align:start position:0%
you're doing and people in AI are
particularly<00:11:06.410><c> keen</c><00:11:06.649><c> on</c><00:11:06.829><c> formalizing</c><00:11:07.399><c> because</c>

00:11:07.810 --> 00:11:07.820 align:start position:0%
particularly keen on formalizing because
 

00:11:07.820 --> 00:11:09.460 align:start position:0%
particularly keen on formalizing because
that's<00:11:08.000><c> how</c><00:11:08.149><c> we</c><00:11:08.209><c> do</c><00:11:08.420><c> automation</c><00:11:08.959><c> how</c><00:11:09.200><c> we</c><00:11:09.260><c> do</c>

00:11:09.460 --> 00:11:09.470 align:start position:0%
that's how we do automation how we do
 

00:11:09.470 --> 00:11:13.360 align:start position:0%
that's how we do automation how we do
anything<00:11:10.130><c> automated</c><00:11:11.350><c> in</c><00:11:12.350><c> program</c><00:11:13.010><c> language</c>

00:11:13.360 --> 00:11:13.370 align:start position:0%
anything automated in program language
 

00:11:13.370 --> 00:11:16.060 align:start position:0%
anything automated in program language
theory<00:11:13.760><c> we</c><00:11:14.540><c> talk</c><00:11:14.810><c> about</c><00:11:15.019><c> semantics</c><00:11:15.769><c> as</c><00:11:15.890><c> well</c>

00:11:16.060 --> 00:11:16.070 align:start position:0%
theory we talk about semantics as well
 

00:11:16.070 --> 00:11:18.220 align:start position:0%
theory we talk about semantics as well
and<00:11:16.310><c> there</c><00:11:16.700><c> are</c><00:11:16.730><c> three</c><00:11:17.360><c> main</c><00:11:17.600><c> types</c><00:11:17.630><c> of</c>

00:11:18.220 --> 00:11:18.230 align:start position:0%
and there are three main types of
 

00:11:18.230 --> 00:11:20.230 align:start position:0%
and there are three main types of
semantics<00:11:18.769><c> so</c><00:11:19.339><c> this</c><00:11:19.459><c> is</c><00:11:19.579><c> I'm</c><00:11:19.790><c> just</c><00:11:19.970><c> giving</c><00:11:20.209><c> you</c>

00:11:20.230 --> 00:11:20.240 align:start position:0%
semantics so this is I'm just giving you
 

00:11:20.240 --> 00:11:21.970 align:start position:0%
semantics so this is I'm just giving you
a<00:11:20.300><c> very</c><00:11:20.510><c> brief</c><00:11:20.750><c> overview</c><00:11:20.899><c> this</c><00:11:21.680><c> is</c><00:11:21.800><c> a</c><00:11:21.829><c> whole</c>

00:11:21.970 --> 00:11:21.980 align:start position:0%
a very brief overview this is a whole
 

00:11:21.980 --> 00:11:24.040 align:start position:0%
a very brief overview this is a whole
subject<00:11:22.220><c> in</c><00:11:22.430><c> itself</c><00:11:22.779><c> we</c><00:11:23.779><c> talked</c><00:11:23.930><c> about</c>

00:11:24.040 --> 00:11:24.050 align:start position:0%
subject in itself we talked about
 

00:11:24.050 --> 00:11:27.340 align:start position:0%
subject in itself we talked about
axiomatic<00:11:24.709><c> semantics</c><00:11:25.190><c> for</c><00:11:25.810><c> in</c><00:11:26.810><c> this</c><00:11:26.959><c> case</c><00:11:27.170><c> our</c>

00:11:27.340 --> 00:11:27.350 align:start position:0%
axiomatic semantics for in this case our
 

00:11:27.350 --> 00:11:29.050 align:start position:0%
axiomatic semantics for in this case our
instance<00:11:27.740><c> so</c><00:11:28.220><c> those</c><00:11:28.399><c> are</c><00:11:28.550><c> the</c><00:11:28.640><c> preconditions</c>

00:11:29.050 --> 00:11:29.060 align:start position:0%
instance so those are the preconditions
 

00:11:29.060 --> 00:11:31.810 align:start position:0%
instance so those are the preconditions
and<00:11:29.570><c> the</c><00:11:30.050><c> post</c><00:11:30.260><c> conditions</c><00:11:30.740><c> for</c><00:11:31.399><c> each</c><00:11:31.519><c> type</c><00:11:31.790><c> of</c>

00:11:31.810 --> 00:11:31.820 align:start position:0%
and the post conditions for each type of
 

00:11:31.820 --> 00:11:33.850 align:start position:0%
and the post conditions for each type of
utterance<00:11:32.269><c> there's</c><00:11:33.019><c> a</c><00:11:33.110><c> common</c><00:11:33.500><c> agent</c>

00:11:33.850 --> 00:11:33.860 align:start position:0%
utterance there's a common agent
 

00:11:33.860 --> 00:11:37.300 align:start position:0%
utterance there's a common agent
language<00:11:34.329><c> called</c><00:11:35.329><c> the</c><00:11:35.450><c> FIFA</c><00:11:35.750><c> ACL</c><00:11:36.230><c> and</c><00:11:36.440><c> in</c><00:11:37.190><c> the</c>

00:11:37.300 --> 00:11:37.310 align:start position:0%
language called the FIFA ACL and in the
 

00:11:37.310 --> 00:11:40.720 align:start position:0%
language called the FIFA ACL and in the
FIFA<00:11:37.519><c> ACL</c><00:11:38.029><c> one</c><00:11:38.480><c> agent</c><00:11:38.839><c> cannot</c><00:11:39.260><c> tell</c><00:11:39.500><c> a</c><00:11:39.649><c> fact</c><00:11:39.950><c> to</c>

00:11:40.720 --> 00:11:40.730 align:start position:0%
FIFA ACL one agent cannot tell a fact to
 

00:11:40.730 --> 00:11:43.300 align:start position:0%
FIFA ACL one agent cannot tell a fact to
another<00:11:41.029><c> agent</c><00:11:41.450><c> unless</c><00:11:42.350><c> the</c><00:11:42.560><c> first</c><00:11:42.769><c> agent</c>

00:11:43.300 --> 00:11:43.310 align:start position:0%
another agent unless the first agent
 

00:11:43.310 --> 00:11:45.550 align:start position:0%
another agent unless the first agent
believes<00:11:43.700><c> that</c><00:11:44.089><c> fact</c><00:11:44.390><c> so</c><00:11:44.690><c> the</c><00:11:44.990><c> first</c><00:11:45.230><c> agent</c>

00:11:45.550 --> 00:11:45.560 align:start position:0%
believes that fact so the first agent
 

00:11:45.560 --> 00:11:47.980 align:start position:0%
believes that fact so the first agent
has<00:11:45.740><c> to</c><00:11:45.769><c> believe</c><00:11:46.130><c> it</c><00:11:46.310><c> to</c><00:11:46.430><c> be</c><00:11:46.519><c> true</c><00:11:46.930><c> this</c><00:11:47.930><c> is</c>

00:11:47.980 --> 00:11:47.990 align:start position:0%
has to believe it to be true this is
 

00:11:47.990 --> 00:11:50.530 align:start position:0%
has to believe it to be true this is
supposedly<00:11:48.709><c> to</c><00:11:49.010><c> prohibit</c><00:11:49.399><c> agents</c><00:11:50.120><c> lying</c><00:11:50.360><c> to</c>

00:11:50.530 --> 00:11:50.540 align:start position:0%
supposedly to prohibit agents lying to
 

00:11:50.540 --> 00:11:52.800 align:start position:0%
supposedly to prohibit agents lying to
one<00:11:50.660><c> another</c><00:11:50.870><c> but</c><00:11:51.470><c> it</c><00:11:51.620><c> prevents</c><00:11:52.130><c> any</c>

00:11:52.800 --> 00:11:52.810 align:start position:0%
one another but it prevents any
 

00:11:52.810 --> 00:11:54.880 align:start position:0%
one another but it prevents any
negotiation<00:11:53.810><c> you</c><00:11:54.110><c> don't</c><00:11:54.350><c> want</c><00:11:54.529><c> to</c><00:11:54.649><c> give</c><00:11:54.800><c> away</c>

00:11:54.880 --> 00:11:54.890 align:start position:0%
negotiation you don't want to give away
 

00:11:54.890 --> 00:11:56.800 align:start position:0%
negotiation you don't want to give away
your<00:11:55.010><c> price</c><00:11:55.399><c> before</c><00:11:56.390><c> you</c><00:11:56.480><c> start</c><00:11:56.720><c> the</c>

00:11:56.800 --> 00:11:56.810 align:start position:0%
your price before you start the
 

00:11:56.810 --> 00:11:58.930 align:start position:0%
your price before you start the
negotiation<00:11:57.440><c> so</c><00:11:57.890><c> the</c><00:11:57.980><c> axiomatic</c><00:11:58.339><c> can</c><00:11:58.820><c> be</c>

00:11:58.930 --> 00:11:58.940 align:start position:0%
negotiation so the axiomatic can be
 

00:11:58.940 --> 00:12:00.840 align:start position:0%
negotiation so the axiomatic can be
quite<00:11:59.120><c> tricky</c><00:11:59.420><c> can</c><00:11:59.779><c> be</c><00:11:59.930><c> quite</c><00:12:00.079><c> subtle</c><00:12:00.350><c> to</c><00:12:00.560><c> get</c>

00:12:00.840 --> 00:12:00.850 align:start position:0%
quite tricky can be quite subtle to get
 

00:12:00.850 --> 00:12:03.610 align:start position:0%
quite tricky can be quite subtle to get
an<00:12:01.850><c> operational</c><00:12:02.540><c> semantics</c><00:12:02.930><c> is</c><00:12:03.079><c> basically</c>

00:12:03.610 --> 00:12:03.620 align:start position:0%
an operational semantics is basically
 

00:12:03.620 --> 00:12:06.579 align:start position:0%
an operational semantics is basically
thinking<00:12:04.190><c> of</c><00:12:04.399><c> the</c><00:12:04.790><c> utterances</c><00:12:05.660><c> as</c><00:12:05.899><c> being</c>

00:12:06.579 --> 00:12:06.589 align:start position:0%
thinking of the utterances as being
 

00:12:06.589 --> 00:12:08.740 align:start position:0%
thinking of the utterances as being
commands<00:12:06.980><c> in</c><00:12:07.279><c> some</c><00:12:07.459><c> language</c><00:12:07.850><c> and</c><00:12:08.120><c> that</c>

00:12:08.740 --> 00:12:08.750 align:start position:0%
commands in some language and that
 

00:12:08.750 --> 00:12:11.350 align:start position:0%
commands in some language and that
language<00:12:08.810><c> acts</c><00:12:09.560><c> on</c><00:12:10.070><c> the</c><00:12:10.250><c> state</c><00:12:10.610><c> of</c><00:12:10.760><c> some</c><00:12:11.089><c> big</c>

00:12:11.350 --> 00:12:11.360 align:start position:0%
language acts on the state of some big
 

00:12:11.360 --> 00:12:12.910 align:start position:0%
language acts on the state of some big
virtual<00:12:11.870><c> machine</c><00:12:12.170><c> the</c><00:12:12.410><c> machine</c><00:12:12.649><c> doesn't</c>

00:12:12.910 --> 00:12:12.920 align:start position:0%
virtual machine the machine doesn't
 

00:12:12.920 --> 00:12:15.519 align:start position:0%
virtual machine the machine doesn't
exist<00:12:13.160><c> in</c><00:12:13.250><c> reality</c><00:12:13.370><c> but</c><00:12:14.089><c> it</c><00:12:14.600><c> can</c><00:12:15.079><c> it's</c><00:12:15.320><c> a</c>

00:12:15.519 --> 00:12:15.529 align:start position:0%
exist in reality but it can it's a
 

00:12:15.529 --> 00:12:17.620 align:start position:0%
exist in reality but it can it's a
conceptual<00:12:16.160><c> trick</c><00:12:16.519><c> to</c><00:12:16.940><c> help</c><00:12:17.029><c> us</c><00:12:17.209><c> understand</c>

00:12:17.620 --> 00:12:17.630 align:start position:0%
conceptual trick to help us understand
 

00:12:17.630 --> 00:12:19.269 align:start position:0%
conceptual trick to help us understand
what<00:12:17.779><c> the</c><00:12:17.810><c> impact</c><00:12:18.320><c> of</c><00:12:18.440><c> an</c><00:12:18.560><c> utterance</c><00:12:18.769><c> is</c><00:12:19.010><c> and</c>

00:12:19.269 --> 00:12:19.279 align:start position:0%
what the impact of an utterance is and
 

00:12:19.279 --> 00:12:21.430 align:start position:0%
what the impact of an utterance is and
what<00:12:19.940><c> its</c><00:12:20.089><c> impacts</c><00:12:20.420><c> its</c><00:12:20.720><c> consequences</c><00:12:21.290><c> might</c>

00:12:21.430 --> 00:12:21.440 align:start position:0%
what its impacts its consequences might
 

00:12:21.440 --> 00:12:23.769 align:start position:0%
what its impacts its consequences might
be<00:12:21.649><c> so</c><00:12:22.310><c> it</c><00:12:22.820><c> occurred</c><00:12:23.120><c> to</c><00:12:23.149><c> me</c><00:12:23.269><c> during</c><00:12:23.360><c> the</c><00:12:23.540><c> talks</c>

00:12:23.769 --> 00:12:23.779 align:start position:0%
be so it occurred to me during the talks
 

00:12:23.779 --> 00:12:25.329 align:start position:0%
be so it occurred to me during the talks
today<00:12:24.050><c> that</c><00:12:24.320><c> if</c><00:12:24.410><c> we</c><00:12:24.529><c> have</c><00:12:24.709><c> a</c><00:12:24.740><c> true</c><00:12:25.100><c> global</c>

00:12:25.329 --> 00:12:25.339 align:start position:0%
today that if we have a true global
 

00:12:25.339 --> 00:12:28.240 align:start position:0%
today that if we have a true global
state<00:12:25.760><c> if</c><00:12:26.060><c> we</c><00:12:26.240><c> adopt</c><00:12:26.660><c> this</c><00:12:26.980><c> policy</c><00:12:27.980><c> that</c><00:12:28.010><c> we</c>

00:12:28.240 --> 00:12:28.250 align:start position:0%
state if we adopt this policy that we
 

00:12:28.250 --> 00:12:29.470 align:start position:0%
state if we adopt this policy that we
were<00:12:28.339><c> hearing</c><00:12:28.699><c> about</c><00:12:28.790><c> earlier</c><00:12:29.209><c> in</c><00:12:29.269><c> the</c><00:12:29.360><c> day</c>

00:12:29.470 --> 00:12:29.480 align:start position:0%
were hearing about earlier in the day
 

00:12:29.480 --> 00:12:31.509 align:start position:0%
were hearing about earlier in the day
about<00:12:29.510><c> sharding</c><00:12:30.350><c> where</c><00:12:30.920><c> we</c><00:12:31.010><c> have</c><00:12:31.160><c> a</c><00:12:31.190><c> true</c>

00:12:31.509 --> 00:12:31.519 align:start position:0%
about sharding where we have a true
 

00:12:31.519 --> 00:12:33.670 align:start position:0%
about sharding where we have a true
global<00:12:31.910><c> state</c><00:12:32.149><c> at</c><00:12:32.360><c> the</c><00:12:32.480><c> top</c><00:12:32.630><c> level</c><00:12:32.959><c> but</c><00:12:33.380><c> within</c>

00:12:33.670 --> 00:12:33.680 align:start position:0%
global state at the top level but within
 

00:12:33.680 --> 00:12:35.230 align:start position:0%
global state at the top level but within
each<00:12:33.890><c> shard</c><00:12:34.220><c> there</c><00:12:34.399><c> might</c><00:12:34.519><c> be</c><00:12:34.550><c> local</c><00:12:35.000><c> states</c>

00:12:35.230 --> 00:12:35.240 align:start position:0%
each shard there might be local states
 

00:12:35.240 --> 00:12:37.150 align:start position:0%
each shard there might be local states
then<00:12:35.959><c> it</c><00:12:36.079><c> will</c><00:12:36.199><c> be</c><00:12:36.260><c> interesting</c><00:12:36.470><c> to</c><00:12:36.769><c> see</c><00:12:36.949><c> what</c>

00:12:37.150 --> 00:12:37.160 align:start position:0%
then it will be interesting to see what
 

00:12:37.160 --> 00:12:38.500 align:start position:0%
then it will be interesting to see what
operational<00:12:37.670><c> semantics</c><00:12:38.089><c> how</c><00:12:38.209><c> that</c><00:12:38.390><c> would</c>

00:12:38.500 --> 00:12:38.510 align:start position:0%
operational semantics how that would
 

00:12:38.510 --> 00:12:41.110 align:start position:0%
operational semantics how that would
play<00:12:38.540><c> out</c><00:12:38.779><c> because</c><00:12:39.380><c> the</c><00:12:40.070><c> commands</c><00:12:40.790><c> at</c><00:12:40.970><c> the</c>

00:12:41.110 --> 00:12:41.120 align:start position:0%
play out because the commands at the
 

00:12:41.120 --> 00:12:42.910 align:start position:0%
play out because the commands at the
local<00:12:41.449><c> level</c><00:12:41.690><c> may</c><00:12:41.930><c> not</c><00:12:41.959><c> be</c><00:12:42.260><c> operated</c><00:12:42.709><c> on</c><00:12:42.800><c> the</c>

00:12:42.910 --> 00:12:42.920 align:start position:0%
local level may not be operated on the
 

00:12:42.920 --> 00:12:44.829 align:start position:0%
local level may not be operated on the
global<00:12:43.190><c> state</c><00:12:43.399><c> until</c><00:12:43.940><c> they</c><00:12:44.060><c> have</c><00:12:44.300><c> started</c><00:12:44.720><c> to</c>

00:12:44.829 --> 00:12:44.839 align:start position:0%
global state until they have started to
 

00:12:44.839 --> 00:12:47.110 align:start position:0%
global state until they have started to
go<00:12:45.050><c> all</c><00:12:45.170><c> the</c><00:12:45.199><c> way</c><00:12:45.290><c> up</c><00:12:45.500><c> and</c><00:12:46.000><c> then</c><00:12:47.000><c> a</c>

00:12:47.110 --> 00:12:47.120 align:start position:0%
go all the way up and then a
 

00:12:47.120 --> 00:12:49.329 align:start position:0%
go all the way up and then a
denotational<00:12:47.750><c> semantics</c><00:12:48.260><c> is</c><00:12:48.440><c> a</c><00:12:48.649><c> semantics</c>

00:12:49.329 --> 00:12:49.339 align:start position:0%
denotational semantics is a semantics
 

00:12:49.339 --> 00:12:51.160 align:start position:0%
denotational semantics is a semantics
that<00:12:49.399><c> map's</c><00:12:49.760><c> the</c><00:12:49.940><c> syntax</c><00:12:50.480><c> to</c><00:12:51.019><c> some</c>

00:12:51.160 --> 00:12:51.170 align:start position:0%
that map's the syntax to some
 

00:12:51.170 --> 00:12:53.680 align:start position:0%
that map's the syntax to some
mathematical<00:12:51.769><c> objects</c><00:12:52.220><c> why</c><00:12:53.180><c> do</c><00:12:53.240><c> we</c><00:12:53.449><c> want</c><00:12:53.600><c> to</c>

00:12:53.680 --> 00:12:53.690 align:start position:0%
mathematical objects why do we want to
 

00:12:53.690 --> 00:12:55.509 align:start position:0%
mathematical objects why do we want to
map<00:12:53.779><c> things</c><00:12:53.959><c> to</c><00:12:54.230><c> map</c><00:12:54.380><c> mathematical</c><00:12:55.220><c> objects</c>

00:12:55.509 --> 00:12:55.519 align:start position:0%
map things to map mathematical objects
 

00:12:55.519 --> 00:12:57.910 align:start position:0%
map things to map mathematical objects
well<00:12:56.089><c> one</c><00:12:56.750><c> reason</c><00:12:56.779><c> is</c><00:12:57.079><c> that</c><00:12:57.140><c> we've</c><00:12:57.470><c> got</c><00:12:57.769><c> a</c>

00:12:57.910 --> 00:12:57.920 align:start position:0%
well one reason is that we've got a
 

00:12:57.920 --> 00:13:00.160 align:start position:0%
well one reason is that we've got a
couple<00:12:58.160><c> of</c><00:12:58.279><c> thousand</c><00:12:58.670><c> years</c><00:12:58.820><c> of</c><00:12:59.170><c> experience</c>

00:13:00.160 --> 00:13:00.170 align:start position:0%
couple of thousand years of experience
 

00:13:00.170 --> 00:13:02.259 align:start position:0%
couple of thousand years of experience
of<00:13:00.380><c> reasoning</c><00:13:00.890><c> about</c><00:13:01.250><c> mathematical</c><00:13:01.970><c> objects</c>

00:13:02.259 --> 00:13:02.269 align:start position:0%
of reasoning about mathematical objects
 

00:13:02.269 --> 00:13:04.300 align:start position:0%
of reasoning about mathematical objects
we<00:13:02.449><c> know</c><00:13:02.600><c> how</c><00:13:02.870><c> to</c><00:13:03.470><c> manage</c><00:13:03.589><c> mathematical</c>

00:13:04.300 --> 00:13:04.310 align:start position:0%
we know how to manage mathematical
 

00:13:04.310 --> 00:13:07.150 align:start position:0%
we know how to manage mathematical
objects<00:13:04.640><c> we</c><00:13:05.149><c> humans</c><00:13:05.510><c> and</c><00:13:05.690><c> by</c><00:13:06.440><c> doing</c><00:13:06.709><c> this</c><00:13:06.829><c> we</c>

00:13:07.150 --> 00:13:07.160 align:start position:0%
objects we humans and by doing this we
 

00:13:07.160 --> 00:13:08.510 align:start position:0%
objects we humans and by doing this we
are<00:13:07.190><c> then</c><00:13:07.399><c> able</c><00:13:07.520><c> to</c><00:13:07.730><c> reason</c><00:13:08.000><c> about</c><00:13:08.089><c> the</c>

00:13:08.510 --> 00:13:08.520 align:start position:0%
are then able to reason about the
 

00:13:08.520 --> 00:13:10.370 align:start position:0%
are then able to reason about the
and<00:13:08.880><c> the</c><00:13:09.180><c> formal</c><00:13:09.480><c> verification</c><00:13:09.630><c> talked</c><00:13:10.140><c> about</c>

00:13:10.370 --> 00:13:10.380 align:start position:0%
and the formal verification talked about
 

00:13:10.380 --> 00:13:12.560 align:start position:0%
and the formal verification talked about
there<00:13:10.670><c> this</c><00:13:11.670><c> afternoon</c><00:13:11.970><c> was</c><00:13:12.090><c> an</c><00:13:12.180><c> example</c><00:13:12.450><c> of</c>

00:13:12.560 --> 00:13:12.570 align:start position:0%
there this afternoon was an example of
 

00:13:12.570 --> 00:13:15.080 align:start position:0%
there this afternoon was an example of
that<00:13:12.630><c> one</c><00:13:13.320><c> type</c><00:13:13.860><c> of</c><00:13:14.010><c> mathematical</c><00:13:14.490><c> object</c><00:13:14.790><c> we</c>

00:13:15.080 --> 00:13:15.090 align:start position:0%
that one type of mathematical object we
 

00:13:15.090 --> 00:13:16.700 align:start position:0%
that one type of mathematical object we
have<00:13:15.180><c> used</c><00:13:15.360><c> a</c><00:13:15.450><c> lot</c><00:13:15.480><c> in</c><00:13:15.780><c> agent</c><00:13:16.140><c> communications</c>

00:13:16.700 --> 00:13:16.710 align:start position:0%
have used a lot in agent communications
 

00:13:16.710 --> 00:13:19.280 align:start position:0%
have used a lot in agent communications
is<00:13:16.920><c> games</c><00:13:17.760><c> particular</c><00:13:18.510><c> games</c><00:13:18.720><c> so</c><00:13:18.990><c> we</c><00:13:19.080><c> map</c>

00:13:19.280 --> 00:13:19.290 align:start position:0%
is games particular games so we map
 

00:13:19.290 --> 00:13:22.070 align:start position:0%
is games particular games so we map
utterances<00:13:20.130><c> to</c><00:13:20.310><c> games</c><00:13:20.550><c> and</c><00:13:20.930><c> study</c><00:13:21.930><c> the</c>

00:13:22.070 --> 00:13:22.080 align:start position:0%
utterances to games and study the
 

00:13:22.080 --> 00:13:24.740 align:start position:0%
utterances to games and study the
properties<00:13:22.410><c> of</c><00:13:22.440><c> those</c><00:13:22.680><c> Dame's</c><00:13:23.270><c> an</c><00:13:24.270><c> example</c><00:13:24.690><c> of</c>

00:13:24.740 --> 00:13:24.750 align:start position:0%
properties of those Dame's an example of
 

00:13:24.750 --> 00:13:27.620 align:start position:0%
properties of those Dame's an example of
this<00:13:24.840><c> is</c><00:13:25.020><c> with</c><00:13:25.170><c> promises</c><00:13:25.710><c> so</c><00:13:26.640><c> promises</c>

00:13:27.620 --> 00:13:27.630 align:start position:0%
this is with promises so promises
 

00:13:27.630 --> 00:13:29.420 align:start position:0%
this is with promises so promises
require<00:13:28.020><c> an</c><00:13:28.170><c> audience</c><00:13:28.290><c> you</c><00:13:28.740><c> can't</c><00:13:29.010><c> make</c><00:13:29.310><c> an</c>

00:13:29.420 --> 00:13:29.430 align:start position:0%
require an audience you can't make an
 

00:13:29.430 --> 00:13:31.520 align:start position:0%
require an audience you can't make an
effective<00:13:29.790><c> promise</c><00:13:30.180><c> to</c><00:13:30.330><c> yourself</c><00:13:30.420><c> it</c><00:13:31.320><c> makes</c>

00:13:31.520 --> 00:13:31.530 align:start position:0%
effective promise to yourself it makes
 

00:13:31.530 --> 00:13:33.410 align:start position:0%
effective promise to yourself it makes
it<00:13:31.970><c> philosophers</c><00:13:32.970><c> have</c><00:13:33.060><c> looked</c><00:13:33.210><c> at</c><00:13:33.300><c> this</c><00:13:33.360><c> and</c>

00:13:33.410 --> 00:13:33.420 align:start position:0%
it philosophers have looked at this and
 

00:13:33.420 --> 00:13:35.030 align:start position:0%
it philosophers have looked at this and
they<00:13:33.630><c> say</c><00:13:33.870><c> it</c><00:13:34.140><c> makes</c><00:13:34.290><c> no</c><00:13:34.500><c> sense</c>

00:13:35.030 --> 00:13:35.040 align:start position:0%
they say it makes no sense
 

00:13:35.040 --> 00:13:37.820 align:start position:0%
they say it makes no sense
so<00:13:35.520><c> if</c><00:13:35.640><c> personname</c><00:13:36.270><c> promises</c><00:13:36.870><c> to</c><00:13:37.470><c> wash</c><00:13:37.620><c> the</c>

00:13:37.820 --> 00:13:37.830 align:start position:0%
so if personname promises to wash the
 

00:13:37.830 --> 00:13:40.490 align:start position:0%
so if personname promises to wash the
car<00:13:37.980><c> of</c><00:13:38.310><c> person</c><00:13:38.790><c> b</c><00:13:38.970><c> then</c><00:13:39.870><c> there</c><00:13:40.080><c> has</c><00:13:40.200><c> to</c><00:13:40.230><c> be</c><00:13:40.380><c> an</c>

00:13:40.490 --> 00:13:40.500 align:start position:0%
car of person b then there has to be an
 

00:13:40.500 --> 00:13:42.380 align:start position:0%
car of person b then there has to be an
audience<00:13:40.740><c> b</c><00:13:41.010><c> has</c><00:13:41.220><c> to</c><00:13:41.370><c> hear</c><00:13:41.610><c> this</c><00:13:41.790><c> promise</c><00:13:42.180><c> or</c>

00:13:42.380 --> 00:13:42.390 align:start position:0%
audience b has to hear this promise or
 

00:13:42.390 --> 00:13:45.200 align:start position:0%
audience b has to hear this promise or
has<00:13:42.510><c> to</c><00:13:42.630><c> learn</c><00:13:42.780><c> about</c><00:13:42.960><c> this</c><00:13:43.230><c> promise</c><00:13:44.210><c> there's</c>

00:13:45.200 --> 00:13:45.210 align:start position:0%
has to learn about this promise there's
 

00:13:45.210 --> 00:13:45.800 align:start position:0%
has to learn about this promise there's
a<00:13:45.300><c> concept</c><00:13:45.570><c> called</c>

00:13:45.800 --> 00:13:45.810 align:start position:0%
a concept called
 

00:13:45.810 --> 00:13:49.550 align:start position:0%
a concept called
up<00:13:45.900><c> take</c><00:13:46.170><c> this</c><00:13:46.940><c> in</c><00:13:47.940><c> most</c><00:13:48.180><c> cultures</c><00:13:48.540><c> English</c><00:13:49.410><c> in</c>

00:13:49.550 --> 00:13:49.560 align:start position:0%
up take this in most cultures English in
 

00:13:49.560 --> 00:13:51.920 align:start position:0%
up take this in most cultures English in
particular<00:13:49.830><c> a</c><00:13:50.670><c> promise</c><00:13:51.270><c> doesn't</c><00:13:51.630><c> become</c><00:13:51.900><c> a</c>

00:13:51.920 --> 00:13:51.930 align:start position:0%
particular a promise doesn't become a
 

00:13:51.930 --> 00:13:53.480 align:start position:0%
particular a promise doesn't become a
commitment<00:13:52.470><c> on</c><00:13:52.590><c> the</c><00:13:52.830><c> person</c><00:13:53.190><c> making</c><00:13:53.370><c> the</c>

00:13:53.480 --> 00:13:53.490 align:start position:0%
commitment on the person making the
 

00:13:53.490 --> 00:13:56.630 align:start position:0%
commitment on the person making the
promise<00:13:53.880><c> in</c><00:13:54.630><c> this</c><00:13:54.780><c> case</c><00:13:54.990><c> a</c><00:13:55.400><c> commitment</c><00:13:56.400><c> only</c>

00:13:56.630 --> 00:13:56.640 align:start position:0%
promise in this case a commitment only
 

00:13:56.640 --> 00:13:59.000 align:start position:0%
promise in this case a commitment only
created<00:13:57.090><c> when</c><00:13:57.270><c> B</c><00:13:57.540><c> accepts</c><00:13:58.260><c> the</c><00:13:58.350><c> promise</c><00:13:58.650><c> so</c><00:13:58.830><c> B</c>

00:13:59.000 --> 00:13:59.010 align:start position:0%
created when B accepts the promise so B
 

00:13:59.010 --> 00:14:01.640 align:start position:0%
created when B accepts the promise so B
says<00:13:59.250><c> okay</c><00:13:59.850><c> yes</c><00:14:00.120><c> you</c><00:14:00.690><c> can</c><00:14:00.720><c> wash</c><00:14:00.990><c> my</c><00:14:01.170><c> car</c><00:14:01.410><c> I</c>

00:14:01.640 --> 00:14:01.650 align:start position:0%
says okay yes you can wash my car I
 

00:14:01.650 --> 00:14:04.790 align:start position:0%
says okay yes you can wash my car I
accept<00:14:02.190><c> that</c><00:14:02.250><c> promise</c><00:14:02.670><c> so</c><00:14:03.480><c> the</c><00:14:03.600><c> promise</c><00:14:03.900><c> in</c><00:14:04.230><c> in</c>

00:14:04.790 --> 00:14:04.800 align:start position:0%
accept that promise so the promise in in
 

00:14:04.800 --> 00:14:07.310 align:start position:0%
accept that promise so the promise in in
the<00:14:05.010><c> jargon</c><00:14:05.460><c> of</c><00:14:05.610><c> the</c><00:14:05.730><c> field</c><00:14:06.180><c> is</c><00:14:06.360><c> said</c><00:14:06.960><c> to</c><00:14:07.080><c> be</c><00:14:07.140><c> up</c>

00:14:07.310 --> 00:14:07.320 align:start position:0%
the jargon of the field is said to be up
 

00:14:07.320 --> 00:14:10.820 align:start position:0%
the jargon of the field is said to be up
taken<00:14:07.800><c> that's</c><00:14:07.920><c> taken</c><00:14:08.250><c> up</c><00:14:08.370><c> by</c><00:14:08.700><c> B</c><00:14:09.110><c> so</c><00:14:10.110><c> notice</c>

00:14:10.820 --> 00:14:10.830 align:start position:0%
taken that's taken up by B so notice
 

00:14:10.830 --> 00:14:12.560 align:start position:0%
taken that's taken up by B so notice
that<00:14:10.860><c> the</c><00:14:11.130><c> promise</c><00:14:11.520><c> was</c><00:14:11.700><c> made</c><00:14:11.730><c> by</c><00:14:12.090><c> person</c><00:14:12.450><c> a</c>

00:14:12.560 --> 00:14:12.570 align:start position:0%
that the promise was made by person a
 

00:14:12.570 --> 00:14:14.960 align:start position:0%
that the promise was made by person a
but<00:14:13.230><c> the</c><00:14:13.380><c> uptake</c><00:14:13.740><c> was</c><00:14:13.920><c> by</c><00:14:14.070><c> person</c><00:14:14.430><c> B</c><00:14:14.580><c> two</c>

00:14:14.960 --> 00:14:14.970 align:start position:0%
but the uptake was by person B two
 

00:14:14.970 --> 00:14:17.540 align:start position:0%
but the uptake was by person B two
parties<00:14:15.330><c> involved</c><00:14:15.720><c> there</c><00:14:15.980><c> now</c><00:14:16.980><c> if</c><00:14:17.190><c> we</c><00:14:17.310><c> want</c><00:14:17.490><c> to</c>

00:14:17.540 --> 00:14:17.550 align:start position:0%
parties involved there now if we want to
 

00:14:17.550 --> 00:14:19.510 align:start position:0%
parties involved there now if we want to
revoke<00:14:17.850><c> the</c><00:14:18.030><c> promise</c><00:14:18.330><c> or</c><00:14:18.480><c> cancel</c><00:14:18.930><c> it</c><00:14:19.050><c> then</c>

00:14:19.510 --> 00:14:19.520 align:start position:0%
revoke the promise or cancel it then
 

00:14:19.520 --> 00:14:22.460 align:start position:0%
revoke the promise or cancel it then
typically<00:14:20.520><c> in</c><00:14:20.790><c> most</c><00:14:21.000><c> cultures</c><00:14:21.210><c> a</c><00:14:21.630><c> promise</c><00:14:22.260><c> can</c>

00:14:22.460 --> 00:14:22.470 align:start position:0%
typically in most cultures a promise can
 

00:14:22.470 --> 00:14:24.290 align:start position:0%
typically in most cultures a promise can
only<00:14:22.530><c> be</c><00:14:22.740><c> cancelled</c><00:14:23.280><c> by</c><00:14:23.490><c> the</c><00:14:23.520><c> party</c><00:14:24.000><c> who</c><00:14:24.120><c> took</c>

00:14:24.290 --> 00:14:24.300 align:start position:0%
only be cancelled by the party who took
 

00:14:24.300 --> 00:14:26.960 align:start position:0%
only be cancelled by the party who took
it<00:14:24.450><c> up</c><00:14:24.630><c> so</c><00:14:25.620><c> if</c><00:14:25.890><c> I</c><00:14:26.130><c> make</c><00:14:26.340><c> a</c><00:14:26.370><c> promise</c><00:14:26.610><c> to</c><00:14:26.730><c> wash</c>

00:14:26.960 --> 00:14:26.970 align:start position:0%
it up so if I make a promise to wash
 

00:14:26.970 --> 00:14:29.960 align:start position:0%
it up so if I make a promise to wash
your<00:14:27.180><c> car</c><00:14:27.450><c> and</c><00:14:27.720><c> you</c><00:14:28.050><c> say</c><00:14:28.230><c> yes</c><00:14:28.500><c> please</c><00:14:28.920><c> do</c><00:14:29.250><c> then</c>

00:14:29.960 --> 00:14:29.970 align:start position:0%
your car and you say yes please do then
 

00:14:29.970 --> 00:14:32.930 align:start position:0%
your car and you say yes please do then
I<00:14:30.180><c> can</c><00:14:30.450><c> come</c><00:14:31.020><c> to</c><00:14:31.050><c> you</c><00:14:31.260><c> later</c><00:14:31.350><c> and</c><00:14:31.530><c> say</c><00:14:31.850><c> sorry</c><00:14:32.850><c> I</c>

00:14:32.930 --> 00:14:32.940 align:start position:0%
I can come to you later and say sorry I
 

00:14:32.940 --> 00:14:34.340 align:start position:0%
I can come to you later and say sorry I
don't<00:14:33.450><c> want</c><00:14:33.570><c> to</c><00:14:33.630><c> make</c><00:14:33.720><c> that</c><00:14:33.870><c> promise</c><00:14:34.050><c> anymore</c>

00:14:34.340 --> 00:14:34.350 align:start position:0%
don't want to make that promise anymore
 

00:14:34.350 --> 00:14:37.880 align:start position:0%
don't want to make that promise anymore
so<00:14:35.190><c> in</c><00:14:35.670><c> many</c><00:14:36.000><c> social</c><00:14:36.210><c> situations</c><00:14:36.840><c> I</c><00:14:36.900><c> can</c><00:14:37.200><c> but</c>

00:14:37.880 --> 00:14:37.890 align:start position:0%
so in many social situations I can but
 

00:14:37.890 --> 00:14:39.590 align:start position:0%
so in many social situations I can but
there'll<00:14:38.100><c> be</c><00:14:38.130><c> a</c><00:14:38.220><c> consequence</c><00:14:38.640><c> to</c><00:14:38.910><c> me</c><00:14:38.940><c> you</c>

00:14:39.590 --> 00:14:39.600 align:start position:0%
there'll be a consequence to me you
 

00:14:39.600 --> 00:14:41.510 align:start position:0%
there'll be a consequence to me you
might<00:14:39.780><c> no</c><00:14:40.020><c> longer</c><00:14:40.350><c> trust</c><00:14:40.590><c> me</c><00:14:40.770><c> you</c><00:14:41.070><c> might</c><00:14:41.220><c> think</c>

00:14:41.510 --> 00:14:41.520 align:start position:0%
might no longer trust me you might think
 

00:14:41.520 --> 00:14:42.890 align:start position:0%
might no longer trust me you might think
I'm<00:14:41.670><c> not</c><00:14:41.700><c> going</c><00:14:41.970><c> to</c><00:14:42.060><c> take</c><00:14:42.180><c> promises</c><00:14:42.570><c> from</c><00:14:42.660><c> him</c>

00:14:42.890 --> 00:14:42.900 align:start position:0%
I'm not going to take promises from him
 

00:14:42.900 --> 00:14:43.610 align:start position:0%
I'm not going to take promises from him
anymore

00:14:43.610 --> 00:14:43.620 align:start position:0%
anymore
 

00:14:43.620 --> 00:14:45.980 align:start position:0%
anymore
in<00:14:43.920><c> legal</c><00:14:44.490><c> or</c><00:14:44.580><c> legal</c><00:14:45.060><c> or</c><00:14:45.150><c> financial</c><00:14:45.480><c> domains</c>

00:14:45.980 --> 00:14:45.990 align:start position:0%
in legal or legal or financial domains
 

00:14:45.990 --> 00:14:47.300 align:start position:0%
in legal or legal or financial domains
there<00:14:46.170><c> might</c><00:14:46.290><c> be</c><00:14:46.320><c> other</c><00:14:46.560><c> consequences</c><00:14:47.160><c> more</c>

00:14:47.300 --> 00:14:47.310 align:start position:0%
there might be other consequences more
 

00:14:47.310 --> 00:14:49.640 align:start position:0%
there might be other consequences more
severe<00:14:47.610><c> consequences</c><00:14:48.050><c> so</c><00:14:49.050><c> this</c><00:14:49.440><c> is</c><00:14:49.560><c> an</c>

00:14:49.640 --> 00:14:49.650 align:start position:0%
severe consequences so this is an
 

00:14:49.650 --> 00:14:51.410 align:start position:0%
severe consequences so this is an
example<00:14:49.950><c> where</c><00:14:50.250><c> there's</c><00:14:50.640><c> an</c><00:14:50.700><c> option</c><00:14:51.030><c> about</c><00:14:51.210><c> an</c>

00:14:51.410 --> 00:14:51.420 align:start position:0%
example where there's an option about an
 

00:14:51.420 --> 00:14:54.140 align:start position:0%
example where there's an option about an
action<00:14:51.810><c> there's</c><00:14:52.650><c> two</c><00:14:53.130><c> parties</c><00:14:53.490><c> involved</c><00:14:53.760><c> here</c>

00:14:54.140 --> 00:14:54.150 align:start position:0%
action there's two parties involved here
 

00:14:54.150 --> 00:14:57.220 align:start position:0%
action there's two parties involved here
a<00:14:54.300><c> and</c><00:14:54.540><c> B</c><00:14:54.720><c> one</c><00:14:55.500><c> is</c><00:14:55.650><c> doing</c><00:14:55.980><c> the</c><00:14:56.070><c> promising</c><00:14:56.490><c> a</c>

00:14:57.220 --> 00:14:57.230 align:start position:0%
a and B one is doing the promising a
 

00:14:57.230 --> 00:15:00.950 align:start position:0%
a and B one is doing the promising a
party<00:14:58.230><c> B</c><00:14:58.470><c> can</c><00:14:58.890><c> up</c><00:14:59.340><c> take</c><00:14:59.610><c> it</c><00:14:59.790><c> and</c><00:14:59.940><c> revoke</c><00:15:00.660><c> it</c><00:15:00.840><c> at</c>

00:15:00.950 --> 00:15:00.960 align:start position:0%
party B can up take it and revoke it at
 

00:15:00.960 --> 00:15:03.590 align:start position:0%
party B can up take it and revoke it at
any<00:15:01.110><c> time</c><00:15:01.410><c> and</c><00:15:01.650><c> may</c><00:15:01.890><c> also</c><00:15:02.130><c> have</c><00:15:03.000><c> the</c><00:15:03.420><c> power</c>

00:15:03.590 --> 00:15:03.600 align:start position:0%
any time and may also have the power
 

00:15:03.600 --> 00:15:06.080 align:start position:0%
any time and may also have the power
tool<00:15:03.840><c> to</c><00:15:04.170><c> say</c><00:15:04.320><c> it's</c><00:15:04.440><c> fulfilled</c><00:15:04.910><c> for</c><00:15:05.910><c> some</c>

00:15:06.080 --> 00:15:06.090 align:start position:0%
tool to say it's fulfilled for some
 

00:15:06.090 --> 00:15:07.580 align:start position:0%
tool to say it's fulfilled for some
utterances<00:15:06.540><c> about</c><00:15:06.810><c> action</c><00:15:07.170><c> there</c><00:15:07.410><c> might</c><00:15:07.560><c> be</c>

00:15:07.580 --> 00:15:07.590 align:start position:0%
utterances about action there might be
 

00:15:07.590 --> 00:15:09.890 align:start position:0%
utterances about action there might be
three<00:15:07.920><c> parties</c><00:15:08.340><c> involved</c><00:15:08.640><c> one</c><00:15:09.300><c> party</c><00:15:09.630><c> has</c><00:15:09.750><c> the</c>

00:15:09.890 --> 00:15:09.900 align:start position:0%
three parties involved one party has the
 

00:15:09.900 --> 00:15:11.510 align:start position:0%
three parties involved one party has the
power<00:15:10.110><c> to</c><00:15:10.170><c> promise</c><00:15:10.620><c> or</c><00:15:10.980><c> to</c><00:15:11.190><c> make</c><00:15:11.310><c> their</c>

00:15:11.510 --> 00:15:11.520 align:start position:0%
power to promise or to make their
 

00:15:11.520 --> 00:15:13.400 align:start position:0%
power to promise or to make their
utterance<00:15:12.000><c> another</c><00:15:12.630><c> party</c><00:15:12.930><c> has</c><00:15:13.080><c> the</c><00:15:13.200><c> power</c><00:15:13.380><c> to</c>

00:15:13.400 --> 00:15:13.410 align:start position:0%
utterance another party has the power to
 

00:15:13.410 --> 00:15:15.500 align:start position:0%
utterance another party has the power to
update<00:15:13.920><c> and</c><00:15:14.130><c> a</c><00:15:14.490><c> third</c><00:15:14.730><c> party</c><00:15:15.090><c> has</c><00:15:15.210><c> the</c><00:15:15.330><c> power</c>

00:15:15.500 --> 00:15:15.510 align:start position:0%
update and a third party has the power
 

00:15:15.510 --> 00:15:17.810 align:start position:0%
update and a third party has the power
to<00:15:15.540><c> revoke</c><00:15:15.960><c> and</c><00:15:16.440><c> quite</c><00:15:17.190><c> often</c><00:15:17.340><c> with</c><00:15:17.550><c> legal</c>

00:15:17.810 --> 00:15:17.820 align:start position:0%
to revoke and quite often with legal
 

00:15:17.820 --> 00:15:19.250 align:start position:0%
to revoke and quite often with legal
domains<00:15:18.090><c> that's</c><00:15:18.420><c> the</c><00:15:18.540><c> situation</c>

00:15:19.250 --> 00:15:19.260 align:start position:0%
domains that's the situation
 

00:15:19.260 --> 00:15:21.230 align:start position:0%
domains that's the situation
we<00:15:19.560><c> have</c><00:15:19.770><c> multiple</c><00:15:20.520><c> parties</c><00:15:20.820><c> involved</c><00:15:21.150><c> there</c>

00:15:21.230 --> 00:15:21.240 align:start position:0%
we have multiple parties involved there
 

00:15:21.240 --> 00:15:23.120 align:start position:0%
we have multiple parties involved there
might<00:15:21.360><c> be</c><00:15:21.390><c> a</c><00:15:21.480><c> regulator</c><00:15:21.960><c> involved</c><00:15:22.500><c> once</c><00:15:23.010><c> a</c>

00:15:23.120 --> 00:15:23.130 align:start position:0%
might be a regulator involved once a
 

00:15:23.130 --> 00:15:24.590 align:start position:0%
might be a regulator involved once a
commitment<00:15:23.550><c> has</c><00:15:23.640><c> been</c><00:15:23.850><c> made</c><00:15:24.030><c> only</c><00:15:24.480><c> the</c>

00:15:24.590 --> 00:15:24.600 align:start position:0%
commitment has been made only the
 

00:15:24.600 --> 00:15:27.350 align:start position:0%
commitment has been made only the
regulator<00:15:24.990><c> can</c><00:15:25.260><c> cancel</c><00:15:25.620><c> it</c><00:15:25.770><c> once</c><00:15:26.670><c> a</c><00:15:26.790><c> trade</c><00:15:27.030><c> is</c>

00:15:27.350 --> 00:15:27.360 align:start position:0%
regulator can cancel it once a trade is
 

00:15:27.360 --> 00:15:29.450 align:start position:0%
regulator can cancel it once a trade is
executed<00:15:27.690><c> on</c><00:15:28.500><c> the</c><00:15:28.800><c> New</c><00:15:29.040><c> York</c><00:15:29.100><c> Stock</c><00:15:29.340><c> Exchange</c>

00:15:29.450 --> 00:15:29.460 align:start position:0%
executed on the New York Stock Exchange
 

00:15:29.460 --> 00:15:32.060 align:start position:0%
executed on the New York Stock Exchange
for<00:15:29.820><c> example</c><00:15:30.180><c> it</c><00:15:30.600><c> can</c><00:15:30.990><c> be</c><00:15:31.230><c> canceled</c><00:15:31.680><c> and</c><00:15:31.860><c> can</c>

00:15:32.060 --> 00:15:32.070 align:start position:0%
for example it can be canceled and can
 

00:15:32.070 --> 00:15:34.070 align:start position:0%
for example it can be canceled and can
be<00:15:32.220><c> revoked</c><00:15:32.490><c> but</c><00:15:33.120><c> only</c><00:15:33.360><c> the</c><00:15:33.630><c> New</c><00:15:33.750><c> York</c><00:15:33.900><c> Stock</c>

00:15:34.070 --> 00:15:34.080 align:start position:0%
be revoked but only the New York Stock
 

00:15:34.080 --> 00:15:36.050 align:start position:0%
be revoked but only the New York Stock
Exchange<00:15:34.110><c> itself</c><00:15:34.740><c> can</c><00:15:34.920><c> revoke</c><00:15:35.160><c> it</c><00:15:35.370><c> can</c><00:15:35.700><c> cancel</c>

00:15:36.050 --> 00:15:36.060 align:start position:0%
Exchange itself can revoke it can cancel
 

00:15:36.060 --> 00:15:38.510 align:start position:0%
Exchange itself can revoke it can cancel
it<00:15:36.180><c> and</c><00:15:36.360><c> apparently</c><00:15:37.260><c> they</c><00:15:37.410><c> do</c><00:15:37.470><c> cancel</c><00:15:38.400><c> them</c>

00:15:38.510 --> 00:15:38.520 align:start position:0%
it and apparently they do cancel them
 

00:15:38.520 --> 00:15:40.490 align:start position:0%
it and apparently they do cancel them
about<00:15:38.760><c> one</c><00:15:38.970><c> a</c><00:15:39.000><c> week</c><00:15:39.180><c> under</c><00:15:40.140><c> special</c>

00:15:40.490 --> 00:15:40.500 align:start position:0%
about one a week under special
 

00:15:40.500 --> 00:15:42.680 align:start position:0%
about one a week under special
circumstances<00:15:40.970><c> so</c><00:15:41.970><c> we</c><00:15:42.000><c> can</c><00:15:42.180><c> represent</c><00:15:42.330><c> this</c>

00:15:42.680 --> 00:15:42.690 align:start position:0%
circumstances so we can represent this
 

00:15:42.690 --> 00:15:44.330 align:start position:0%
circumstances so we can represent this
particular<00:15:42.870><c> situation</c><00:15:43.320><c> because</c><00:15:44.010><c> there's</c><00:15:44.190><c> two</c>

00:15:44.330 --> 00:15:44.340 align:start position:0%
particular situation because there's two
 

00:15:44.340 --> 00:15:46.310 align:start position:0%
particular situation because there's two
parties<00:15:44.700><c> involved</c><00:15:44.970><c> we</c><00:15:45.540><c> can</c><00:15:45.690><c> represent</c><00:15:45.870><c> it</c><00:15:46.170><c> as</c>

00:15:46.310 --> 00:15:46.320 align:start position:0%
parties involved we can represent it as
 

00:15:46.320 --> 00:15:48.770 align:start position:0%
parties involved we can represent it as
a<00:15:46.350><c> game</c><00:15:46.680><c> a</c><00:15:47.010><c> two-party</c><00:15:47.610><c> game</c><00:15:47.820><c> and</c><00:15:48.120><c> we</c><00:15:48.420><c> can</c><00:15:48.570><c> study</c>

00:15:48.770 --> 00:15:48.780 align:start position:0%
a game a two-party game and we can study
 

00:15:48.780 --> 00:15:50.450 align:start position:0%
a game a two-party game and we can study
the<00:15:48.930><c> properties</c><00:15:49.290><c> of</c><00:15:49.320><c> that</c><00:15:49.530><c> game</c><00:15:49.770><c> and</c><00:15:50.040><c> that's</c>

00:15:50.450 --> 00:15:50.460 align:start position:0%
the properties of that game and that's
 

00:15:50.460 --> 00:15:52.730 align:start position:0%
the properties of that game and that's
an<00:15:50.610><c> example</c><00:15:50.880><c> of</c><00:15:51.120><c> a</c><00:15:51.290><c> denotational</c><00:15:52.290><c> semantics</c>

00:15:52.730 --> 00:15:52.740 align:start position:0%
an example of a denotational semantics
 

00:15:52.740 --> 00:15:55.190 align:start position:0%
an example of a denotational semantics
so<00:15:53.250><c> we</c><00:15:53.430><c> understand</c><00:15:54.030><c> what's</c><00:15:54.240><c> going</c><00:15:54.480><c> on</c><00:15:54.660><c> between</c>

00:15:55.190 --> 00:15:55.200 align:start position:0%
so we understand what's going on between
 

00:15:55.200 --> 00:15:56.810 align:start position:0%
so we understand what's going on between
those<00:15:55.530><c> two</c><00:15:55.710><c> parties</c><00:15:56.040><c> in</c><00:15:56.220><c> a</c><00:15:56.280><c> particular</c><00:15:56.490><c> way</c>

00:15:56.810 --> 00:15:56.820 align:start position:0%
those two parties in a particular way
 

00:15:56.820 --> 00:15:58.730 align:start position:0%
those two parties in a particular way
that<00:15:57.780><c> actually</c><00:15:57.990><c> helps</c><00:15:58.350><c> us</c><00:15:58.470><c> with</c><00:15:58.650><c> the</c>

00:15:58.730 --> 00:15:58.740 align:start position:0%
that actually helps us with the
 

00:15:58.740 --> 00:16:01.460 align:start position:0%
that actually helps us with the
implementation<00:15:58.980><c> with</c><00:15:59.670><c> coding</c><00:16:00.090><c> it</c><00:16:00.230><c> so</c><00:16:01.230><c> that's</c>

00:16:01.460 --> 00:16:01.470 align:start position:0%
implementation with coding it so that's
 

00:16:01.470 --> 00:16:04.370 align:start position:0%
implementation with coding it so that's
the<00:16:01.560><c> end</c><00:16:01.710><c> thank</c><00:16:02.250><c> you</c>