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foreign

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[Music]

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crypto<00:00:16.379><c> we're</c><00:00:17.340><c> a</c><00:00:17.520><c> VC</c><00:00:17.760><c> funds</c>

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crypto we're a VC funds
 

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crypto we're a VC funds
um

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um
 

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um
crypto<00:00:20.160><c> native</c><00:00:20.460><c> uh</c><00:00:21.119><c> anyways</c>

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crypto native uh anyways
 

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crypto native uh anyways
um<00:00:22.380><c> Okay</c><00:00:22.680><c> so</c>

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um Okay so
 

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um Okay so
what<00:00:23.939><c> I've</c><00:00:24.300><c> been</c><00:00:24.420><c> talking</c><00:00:24.539><c> about</c><00:00:24.660><c> today</c><00:00:24.900><c> is</c><00:00:25.560><c> uh</c>

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what I've been talking about today is uh
 

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what I've been talking about today is uh
not<00:00:26.400><c> about</c><00:00:26.580><c> your</c><00:00:26.820><c> dollar</c><00:00:27.000><c> proofs</c><00:00:27.420><c> and</c><00:00:27.960><c> let</c><00:00:28.080><c> me</c>

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not about your dollar proofs and let me
 

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not about your dollar proofs and let me
open<00:00:28.439><c> by</c><00:00:29.099><c> a</c><00:00:29.580><c> question</c><00:00:30.019><c> raise</c><00:00:31.019><c> your</c><00:00:31.199><c> hand</c><00:00:31.439><c> if</c>

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open by a question raise your hand if
 

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open by a question raise your hand if
you<00:00:31.920><c> think</c><00:00:32.099><c> it's</c><00:00:32.460><c> your</c><00:00:32.700><c> knowledge</c><00:00:33.000><c> solve</c><00:00:33.540><c> all</c>

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you think it's your knowledge solve all
 

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you think it's your knowledge solve all
the<00:00:33.840><c> Privacy</c><00:00:34.200><c> problems</c><00:00:34.620><c> in</c><00:00:34.920><c> the</c><00:00:34.980><c> blockchain</c>

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the Privacy problems in the blockchain
 

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the Privacy problems in the blockchain
space

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space
 

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space
I<00:00:36.899><c> see</c><00:00:37.079><c> one</c><00:00:37.320><c> hand</c>

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I see one hand
 

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I see one hand
let's<00:00:38.880><c> see</c><00:00:39.059><c> two</c><00:00:39.300><c> three</c><00:00:39.660><c> all</c><00:00:40.500><c> right</c><00:00:40.680><c> well</c><00:00:40.980><c> if</c>

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let's see two three all right well if
 

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let's see two three all right well if
you<00:00:41.640><c> didn't</c><00:00:41.760><c> raise</c><00:00:42.000><c> your</c><00:00:42.120><c> hands</c><00:00:42.480><c> maybe</c><00:00:43.200><c> um</c>

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you didn't raise your hands maybe um
 

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you didn't raise your hands maybe um
well<00:00:44.340><c> maybe</c><00:00:44.579><c> you</c><00:00:44.700><c> know</c><00:00:45.120><c> better</c><00:00:45.300><c> than</c><00:00:45.480><c> I</c><00:00:45.719><c> do</c><00:00:45.899><c> but</c>

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well maybe you know better than I do but
 

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well maybe you know better than I do but
I<00:00:46.739><c> don't</c><00:00:46.860><c> think</c><00:00:47.040><c> zero</c><00:00:47.820><c> dollars</c><00:00:48.000><c> off</c><00:00:48.120><c> all</c><00:00:48.239><c> the</c>

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I don't think zero dollars off all the
 

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I don't think zero dollars off all the
Privacy<00:00:48.660><c> problems</c><00:00:48.840><c> so</c><00:00:49.020><c> let</c><00:00:49.140><c> me</c><00:00:49.260><c> explain</c><00:00:49.379><c> why</c>

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Privacy problems so let me explain why
 

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Privacy problems so let me explain why
so

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so
 

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so
um<00:00:52.980><c> let's</c><00:00:53.219><c> think</c><00:00:53.399><c> about</c><00:00:53.520><c> blockchains</c><00:00:54.180><c> so</c><00:00:54.600><c> what</c>

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um let's think about blockchains so what
 

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um let's think about blockchains so what
are<00:00:54.899><c> blockchains</c><00:00:55.440><c> and</c><00:00:55.500><c> computation</c><00:00:55.920><c> right</c><00:00:56.219><c> uh</c>

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are blockchains and computation right uh
 

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are blockchains and computation right uh
blockchains<00:00:57.180><c> applications</c><00:00:57.559><c> uh</c><00:00:58.559><c> everything</c>

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blockchains applications uh everything
 

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blockchains applications uh everything
is<00:00:59.280><c> a</c><00:00:59.460><c> computation</c><00:00:59.820><c> on</c><00:01:00.059><c> the</c><00:01:00.180><c> blockchain</c><00:01:00.480><c> right</c>

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is a computation on the blockchain right
 

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is a computation on the blockchain right
so<00:01:00.719><c> ethereum</c><00:01:01.199><c> is</c><00:01:01.379><c> a</c><00:01:01.559><c> public</c><00:01:01.620><c> State</c><00:01:01.860><c> machine</c>

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so ethereum is a public State machine
 

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so ethereum is a public State machine
that's<00:01:02.340><c> replicated</c><00:01:02.820><c> uh</c><00:01:03.780><c> if</c><00:01:03.960><c> you</c><00:01:04.199><c> have</c><00:01:04.260><c> some</c>

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that's replicated uh if you have some
 

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that's replicated uh if you have some
consensus<00:01:04.799><c> mechanism</c>

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consensus mechanism
 

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consensus mechanism
and<00:01:06.600><c> so</c><00:01:06.780><c> what</c><00:01:07.140><c> is</c><00:01:07.260><c> it</c><00:01:07.439><c> what</c><00:01:07.560><c> is</c><00:01:07.860><c> the</c><00:01:07.920><c> same</c>

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and so what is it what is the same
 

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and so what is it what is the same
machine<00:01:08.280><c> it's</c><00:01:08.760><c> the</c><00:01:08.939><c> same</c><00:01:08.939><c> machine</c><00:01:09.180><c> is</c>

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machine it's the same machine is
 

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machine it's the same machine is
something<00:01:09.900><c> that</c><00:01:10.320><c> uh</c><00:01:10.799><c> keeps</c><00:01:11.100><c> a</c><00:01:11.220><c> state</c><00:01:11.460><c> and</c><00:01:11.939><c> has</c>

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something that uh keeps a state and has
 

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something that uh keeps a state and has
a<00:01:12.240><c> transition</c><00:01:12.600><c> function</c><00:01:13.020><c> and</c><00:01:13.920><c> transition</c>

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a transition function and transition
 

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a transition function and transition
stays<00:01:14.880><c> through</c><00:01:15.000><c> transition</c><00:01:15.360><c> function</c><00:01:15.659><c> right</c>

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stays through transition function right
 

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stays through transition function right
and<00:01:16.740><c> more</c><00:01:17.040><c> computers</c><00:01:17.460><c> same</c><00:01:18.060><c> machines</c>

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and more computers same machines
 

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and more computers same machines
blockchains<00:01:19.560><c> and</c><00:01:19.740><c> smart</c><00:01:19.920><c> contracts</c><00:01:20.460><c> right</c><00:01:20.640><c> so</c>

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blockchains and smart contracts right so
 

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blockchains and smart contracts right so
everything<00:01:21.060><c> on</c><00:01:21.360><c> ethereum</c><00:01:21.780><c> all</c><00:01:22.140><c> the</c><00:01:22.320><c> smart</c>

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everything on ethereum all the smart
 

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everything on ethereum all the smart
contracts<00:01:22.860><c> are</c><00:01:22.979><c> State</c><00:01:23.159><c> machines</c>

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contracts are State machines
 

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contracts are State machines
okay<00:01:25.259><c> what</c><00:01:26.220><c> if</c><00:01:26.400><c> we</c><00:01:26.520><c> want</c><00:01:26.640><c> to</c><00:01:26.759><c> do</c><00:01:26.880><c> the</c><00:01:27.060><c> same</c>

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okay what if we want to do the same
 

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okay what if we want to do the same
machine<00:01:27.479><c> transitions</c><00:01:28.140><c> uh</c><00:01:28.920><c> with</c><00:01:29.220><c> privacy</c><00:01:29.640><c> well</c>

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machine transitions uh with privacy well
 

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machine transitions uh with privacy well
let's<00:01:30.540><c> try</c><00:01:30.780><c> to</c><00:01:30.900><c> use</c><00:01:31.020><c> your</c><00:01:31.200><c> knowledge</c><00:01:31.560><c> how</c><00:01:32.340><c> are</c>

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let's try to use your knowledge how are
 

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let's try to use your knowledge how are
you<00:01:32.640><c> going</c><00:01:32.759><c> to</c><00:01:32.880><c> as</c><00:01:33.180><c> you</c><00:01:33.360><c> go</c><00:01:33.420><c> to</c><00:01:33.540><c> sleep</c><00:01:33.659><c> machines</c>

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you going to as you go to sleep machines
 

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you going to as you go to sleep machines
your<00:01:34.200><c> knowledge</c><00:01:34.439><c> well</c><00:01:34.740><c> we're</c><00:01:34.979><c> going</c><00:01:35.100><c> to</c>

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your knowledge well we're going to
 

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your knowledge well we're going to
execute<00:01:35.640><c> the</c><00:01:35.759><c> off</c><00:01:35.939><c> chain</c><00:01:36.180><c> and</c><00:01:36.780><c> only</c><00:01:36.960><c> prove</c><00:01:37.500><c> the</c>

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execute the off chain and only prove the
 

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execute the off chain and only prove the
execution<00:01:38.400><c> that</c><00:01:38.820><c> is</c><00:01:39.000><c> correct</c><00:01:39.180><c> on</c><00:01:39.479><c> chain</c><00:01:39.780><c> right</c>

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execution that is correct on chain right
 

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execution that is correct on chain right
so<00:01:40.860><c> I'm</c><00:01:41.400><c> not</c><00:01:41.520><c> going</c><00:01:41.640><c> to</c><00:01:41.700><c> show</c><00:01:41.759><c> you</c><00:01:41.820><c> the</c><00:01:42.000><c> details</c>

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so I'm not going to show you the details
 

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so I'm not going to show you the details
here<00:01:42.479><c> but</c><00:01:43.079><c> more</c><00:01:43.380><c> or</c><00:01:43.560><c> less</c><00:01:43.680><c> is</c><00:01:44.159><c> going</c><00:01:44.340><c> to</c><00:01:44.460><c> look</c>

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here but more or less is going to look
 

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here but more or less is going to look
like<00:01:44.700><c> this</c><00:01:44.939><c> picture</c><00:01:45.380><c> where</c><00:01:46.380><c> every</c><00:01:46.799><c> single</c>

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like this picture where every single
 

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like this picture where every single
States<00:01:47.400><c> you</c><00:01:47.759><c> know</c><00:01:47.820><c> it's</c><00:01:47.880><c> a</c><00:01:48.060><c> different</c><00:01:48.240><c> color</c>

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States you know it's a different color
 

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States you know it's a different color
and<00:01:49.380><c> your</c><00:01:49.560><c> do</c><00:01:49.740><c> knowledge</c><00:01:50.040><c> update</c><00:01:50.340><c> is</c><00:01:50.700><c> going</c><00:01:50.939><c> to</c>

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and your do knowledge update is going to
 

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and your do knowledge update is going to
uh<00:01:52.079><c> essentially</c><00:01:52.439><c> link</c><00:01:52.680><c> one</c><00:01:53.100><c> color</c><00:01:53.280><c> to</c><00:01:53.579><c> another</c>

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uh essentially link one color to another
 

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uh essentially link one color to another
color<00:01:54.060><c> right</c><00:01:54.540><c> so</c><00:01:55.079><c> here</c><00:01:55.280><c> on</c><00:01:56.280><c> chain</c><00:01:56.460><c> will</c><00:01:56.700><c> have</c>

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color right so here on chain will have
 

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color right so here on chain will have
three<00:01:57.000><c> different</c><00:01:57.180><c> states</c>

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three different states
 

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three different states
as<00:01:58.619><c> opposed</c><00:01:58.920><c> to</c><00:01:58.920><c> the</c><00:01:59.100><c> user</c><00:01:59.280><c> want</c><00:01:59.460><c> to</c><00:01:59.579><c> interact</c>

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as opposed to the user want to interact
 

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as opposed to the user want to interact
with<00:01:59.939><c> the</c><00:02:00.119><c> state</c><00:02:00.299><c> machine</c><00:02:00.680><c> and</c><00:02:01.680><c> uh</c><00:02:02.100><c> they</c><00:02:02.399><c> each</c>

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with the state machine and uh they each
 

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with the state machine and uh they each
independently<00:02:03.420><c> enjoy</c><00:02:03.780><c> a</c><00:02:04.020><c> different</c><00:02:04.140><c> proof</c>

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independently enjoy a different proof
 

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independently enjoy a different proof
right<00:02:04.920><c> thinking</c><00:02:05.759><c> state</c><00:02:06.060><c> two</c><00:02:06.240><c> to</c><00:02:06.540><c> some</c><00:02:06.719><c> state</c>

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right thinking state two to some state
 

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right thinking state two to some state
three

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three
 

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three
now<00:02:08.479><c> if</c>

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now if
 

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now if
one<00:02:10.920><c> proof</c><00:02:11.340><c> is</c><00:02:11.400><c> processed</c><00:02:12.000><c> on</c><00:02:12.120><c> chain</c>

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one proof is processed on chain
 

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one proof is processed on chain
let's<00:02:13.440><c> say</c><00:02:13.620><c> the</c><00:02:13.860><c> the</c><00:02:13.980><c> live</c><00:02:14.220><c> one</c><00:02:14.459><c> the</c><00:02:14.640><c> blue</c><00:02:14.760><c> one</c>

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let's say the the live one the blue one
 

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let's say the the live one the blue one
here<00:02:15.120><c> what</c><00:02:15.840><c> happens</c><00:02:16.020><c> is</c><00:02:16.319><c> that</c>

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here what happens is that
 

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here what happens is that
the<00:02:17.819><c> second</c><00:02:18.180><c> transaction</c><00:02:19.020><c> of</c><00:02:19.440><c> this</c><00:02:19.500><c> of</c><00:02:19.680><c> the</c>

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the second transaction of this of the
 

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the second transaction of this of the
second<00:02:19.920><c> user</c><00:02:20.400><c> is</c><00:02:21.000><c> now</c><00:02:21.180><c> invalid</c><00:02:22.260><c> right</c><00:02:22.680><c> because</c>

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second user is now invalid right because
 

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second user is now invalid right because
it's

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it's
 

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it's
the<00:02:25.020><c> proof</c><00:02:25.680><c> um</c><00:02:25.800><c> is</c><00:02:26.040><c> going</c><00:02:26.640><c> from</c>

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the proof um is going from
 

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the proof um is going from
the<00:02:28.319><c> same</c><00:02:28.440><c> like</c><00:02:28.860><c> state</c><00:02:29.099><c> two</c><00:02:29.340><c> but</c><00:02:29.760><c> now</c><00:02:29.819><c> you</c><00:02:30.000><c> need</c>

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the same like state two but now you need
 

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the same like state two but now you need
to<00:02:30.180><c> link</c><00:02:30.360><c> to</c><00:02:30.480><c> stage</c><00:02:30.780><c> three</c><00:02:30.900><c> right</c><00:02:31.260><c> so</c><00:02:31.560><c> so</c>

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to link to stage three right so so
 

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to link to stage three right so so
that's<00:02:31.920><c> the</c><00:02:32.040><c> problem</c><00:02:32.220><c> with</c><00:02:32.580><c> executing</c>

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that's the problem with executing
 

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that's the problem with executing
General<00:02:34.020><c> State</c><00:02:34.379><c> machines</c><00:02:34.800><c> in</c><00:02:35.099><c> general</c>

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General State machines in general
 

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General State machines in general
knowledge<00:02:35.580><c> blockchain</c><00:02:36.000><c> you</c><00:02:36.840><c> range</c><00:02:37.080><c> of</c><00:02:37.200><c> race</c>

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knowledge blockchain you range of race
 

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knowledge blockchain you range of race
conditions

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conditions
 

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conditions
okay<00:02:39.120><c> so</c><00:02:39.599><c> this</c><00:02:40.260><c> problem</c><00:02:40.440><c> is</c><00:02:40.800><c> actually</c><00:02:41.040><c> been</c>

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okay so this problem is actually been
 

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okay so this problem is actually been
observed<00:02:42.120><c> over</c><00:02:42.599><c> the</c><00:02:42.780><c> years</c><00:02:42.900><c> in</c><00:02:43.200><c> many</c>

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observed over the years in many
 

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observed over the years in many
different<00:02:44.040><c> ways</c><00:02:44.819><c> but</c><00:02:45.360><c> basically</c>

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different ways but basically
 

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different ways but basically
um<00:02:46.500><c> you</c><00:02:46.860><c> know</c><00:02:46.980><c> the</c><00:02:47.280><c> the</c><00:02:47.519><c> store</c><00:02:47.760><c> is</c><00:02:48.060><c> at</c><00:02:48.319><c> either</c>

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um you know the the store is at either
 

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um you know the the store is at either
you<00:02:50.160><c> do</c><00:02:50.400><c> a</c><00:02:50.819><c> transparent</c><00:02:51.300><c> engine</c><00:02:51.480><c> computation</c>

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you do a transparent engine computation
 

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you do a transparent engine computation
which<00:02:53.220><c> you</c><00:02:53.340><c> know</c><00:02:53.459><c> that</c><00:02:53.819><c> we</c><00:02:54.000><c> do</c><00:02:54.120><c> on</c><00:02:54.239><c> ethereum</c><00:02:54.660><c> so</c>

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which you know that we do on ethereum so
 

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which you know that we do on ethereum so
you<00:02:55.560><c> have</c><00:02:55.680><c> no</c><00:02:55.860><c> privacy</c><00:02:56.220><c> but</c><00:02:57.120><c> you</c><00:02:57.360><c> have</c><00:02:57.599><c> the</c><00:02:58.200><c> you</c>

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you have no privacy but you have the you
 

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you have no privacy but you have the you
know<00:02:58.440><c> benefit</c><00:02:58.560><c> of</c><00:02:58.739><c> a</c><00:02:59.040><c> share</c><00:02:59.220><c> state</c><00:02:59.400><c> that</c>

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know benefit of a share state that
 

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know benefit of a share state that
everybody<00:03:00.000><c> can</c><00:03:00.300><c> have</c><00:03:00.540><c> access</c><00:03:00.720><c> to</c>

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everybody can have access to
 

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everybody can have access to
or<00:03:02.459><c> on</c><00:03:02.819><c> the</c><00:03:02.940><c> other</c><00:03:03.000><c> hand</c><00:03:03.180><c> you</c><00:03:03.959><c> have</c><00:03:04.080><c> a</c><00:03:04.260><c> zero</c>

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or on the other hand you have a zero
 

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or on the other hand you have a zero
knowledge<00:03:04.800><c> of</c><00:03:04.980><c> chain</c><00:03:05.220><c> execution</c><00:03:05.959><c> uh</c><00:03:06.959><c> and</c><00:03:07.200><c> you</c>

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knowledge of chain execution uh and you
 

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knowledge of chain execution uh and you
kind<00:03:07.560><c> of</c><00:03:07.680><c> have</c><00:03:07.800><c> the</c><00:03:07.920><c> flipped</c><00:03:08.280><c> uh</c><00:03:08.819><c> you</c><00:03:09.000><c> know</c>

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kind of have the flipped uh you know
 

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kind of have the flipped uh you know
uh<00:03:10.440><c> benefits</c><00:03:10.980><c> and</c><00:03:11.099><c> and</c><00:03:11.220><c> kind</c><00:03:11.519><c> of</c><00:03:11.580><c> downsides</c>

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uh benefits and and kind of downsides
 

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uh benefits and and kind of downsides
which<00:03:12.360><c> is</c><00:03:12.480><c> that</c><00:03:12.659><c> you</c><00:03:13.260><c> have</c><00:03:13.440><c> private</c><00:03:14.099><c> inputs</c>

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which is that you have private inputs
 

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which is that you have private inputs
but<00:03:15.300><c> to</c><00:03:15.540><c> State</c><00:03:15.780><c> that's</c><00:03:16.080><c> not</c><00:03:16.319><c> shared</c><00:03:16.739><c> between</c>

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but to State that's not shared between
 

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but to State that's not shared between
anyone<00:03:17.459><c> okay</c><00:03:18.420><c> so</c><00:03:19.400><c> uh</c><00:03:20.400><c> we're</c><00:03:20.580><c> basically</c>

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anyone okay so uh we're basically
 

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anyone okay so uh we're basically
someone<00:03:21.120><c> like</c><00:03:21.420><c> us</c><00:03:21.599><c> with</c><00:03:21.840><c> you</c><00:03:21.959><c> know</c><00:03:22.019><c> these</c><00:03:22.200><c> two</c>

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someone like us with you know these two
 

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someone like us with you know these two
properties<00:03:22.560><c> so</c><00:03:22.739><c> we</c><00:03:22.920><c> can't</c><00:03:23.040><c> really</c><00:03:23.099><c> get</c><00:03:23.340><c> both</c>

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properties so we can't really get both
 

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properties so we can't really get both
and<00:03:24.360><c> my</c><00:03:24.659><c> talk</c><00:03:24.840><c> is</c><00:03:25.080><c> about</c><00:03:25.260><c> how</c><00:03:25.739><c> to</c><00:03:25.860><c> get</c><00:03:26.220><c> both</c>

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and my talk is about how to get both
 

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and my talk is about how to get both
properties<00:03:26.940><c> and</c><00:03:27.780><c> I</c><00:03:28.140><c> call</c><00:03:28.319><c> that</c>

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properties and I call that
 

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properties and I call that
um a<00:03:29.519><c> confidential</c><00:03:30.000><c> share</c><00:03:30.360><c> state</c><00:03:30.599><c> so</c><00:03:30.780><c> how</c><00:03:30.959><c> do</c>

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um a confidential share state so how do
 

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um a confidential share state so how do
we<00:03:31.140><c> get</c><00:03:31.260><c> confidential</c><00:03:31.800><c> share</c><00:03:31.980><c> states</c><00:03:32.280><c> on</c><00:03:32.580><c> the</c>

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we get confidential share states on the
 

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we get confidential share states on the
blockchain

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blockchain
 

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blockchain
and<00:03:33.959><c> the</c><00:03:34.080><c> answer</c><00:03:34.260><c> is</c><00:03:34.560><c> fully</c><00:03:35.340><c> homomorphic</c>

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and the answer is fully homomorphic
 

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and the answer is fully homomorphic
encryption<00:03:36.360><c> or</c><00:03:36.900><c> fhe</c><00:03:37.680><c> for</c><00:03:37.920><c> short</c>

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encryption or fhe for short
 

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encryption or fhe for short
okay<00:03:39.480><c> so</c><00:03:39.900><c> what</c><00:03:40.080><c> is</c><00:03:40.260><c> home</c><00:03:40.860><c> of</c><00:03:40.980><c> encryption</c>

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okay so what is home of encryption
 

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okay so what is home of encryption
um<00:03:43.080><c> this</c><00:03:43.620><c> is</c><00:03:43.680><c> you</c><00:03:43.799><c> know</c><00:03:43.860><c> brief</c><00:03:44.099><c> intro</c><00:03:44.400><c> to</c>

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um this is you know brief intro to
 

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um this is you know brief intro to
cryptography<00:03:45.120><c> so</c>

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cryptography so
 

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cryptography so
um<00:03:47.819><c> so</c><00:03:48.120><c> this</c><00:03:48.299><c> thing</c><00:03:48.420><c> is</c><00:03:48.540><c> here</c><00:03:48.720><c> is</c><00:03:48.900><c> kind</c><00:03:49.080><c> of</c>

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um so this thing is here is kind of
 

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um so this thing is here is kind of
commutative<00:03:49.620><c> diagram</c><00:03:49.860><c> okay</c><00:03:50.220><c> so</c><00:03:50.459><c> suppose</c>

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commutative diagram okay so suppose
 

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commutative diagram okay so suppose
there's<00:03:51.000><c> a</c><00:03:51.299><c> message</c>

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there's a message
 

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there's a message
and<00:03:52.799><c> fix</c><00:03:53.159><c> a</c><00:03:53.400><c> circuit</c><00:03:53.700><c> see</c><00:03:53.879><c> here</c><00:03:54.120><c> we</c><00:03:54.900><c> can</c>

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and fix a circuit see here we can
 

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and fix a circuit see here we can
compute<00:03:55.560><c> the</c><00:03:55.920><c> circuit</c><00:03:56.280><c> on</c><00:03:56.400><c> a</c><00:03:56.580><c> message</c><00:03:56.700><c> to</c><00:03:57.299><c> get</c>

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compute the circuit on a message to get
 

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compute the circuit on a message to get
C<00:03:57.720><c> of</c><00:03:57.959><c> M</c><00:03:58.200><c> so</c><00:03:58.739><c> that's</c><00:03:58.920><c> this</c><00:03:59.220><c> error</c><00:03:59.580><c> over</c><00:03:59.640><c> here</c>

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C of M so that's this error over here
 

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C of M so that's this error over here
okay

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okay
 

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okay
um<00:04:01.920><c> at</c><00:04:02.400><c> which</c><00:04:02.580><c> this</c><00:04:02.819><c> scheme</c><00:04:03.180><c> allows</c><00:04:03.599><c> you</c><00:04:03.659><c> to</c>

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um at which this scheme allows you to
 

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um at which this scheme allows you to
kind<00:04:04.260><c> of</c><00:04:04.379><c> do</c><00:04:04.739><c> this</c><00:04:05.159><c> thing</c><00:04:05.459><c> but</c><00:04:06.180><c> with</c><00:04:06.659><c> three</c>

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kind of do this thing but with three
 

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kind of do this thing but with three
different<00:04:07.140><c> steps</c><00:04:07.560><c> okay</c><00:04:08.159><c> uh</c><00:04:08.940><c> and</c><00:04:09.120><c> so</c><00:04:09.780><c> first</c>

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different steps okay uh and so first
 

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different steps okay uh and so first
let's<00:04:11.040><c> take</c><00:04:11.159><c> our</c><00:04:11.340><c> message</c><00:04:11.519><c> instead</c><00:04:12.000><c> of</c>

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let's take our message instead of
 

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let's take our message instead of
computing<00:04:12.540><c> the</c><00:04:12.659><c> function</c><00:04:12.900><c> I'm</c><00:04:13.200><c> going</c><00:04:13.319><c> to</c>

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computing the function I'm going to
 

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computing the function I'm going to
encrypt<00:04:13.739><c> it</c><00:04:13.860><c> okay</c><00:04:14.400><c> so</c><00:04:15.239><c> everything</c><00:04:15.599><c> that's</c>

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encrypt it okay so everything that's
 

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encrypt it okay so everything that's
done<00:04:16.199><c> here</c><00:04:16.380><c> is</c><00:04:16.680><c> encrypted</c><00:04:17.160><c> you</c><00:04:17.459><c> can</c><00:04:17.579><c> now</c><00:04:17.699><c> see</c>

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done here is encrypted you can now see
 

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done here is encrypted you can now see
what's<00:04:18.120><c> inside</c><00:04:18.299><c> right</c><00:04:18.720><c> so</c><00:04:19.079><c> uh</c><00:04:19.680><c> you</c><00:04:19.799><c> know</c><00:04:19.919><c> this</c>

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what's inside right so uh you know this
 

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what's inside right so uh you know this
is<00:04:20.459><c> what</c><00:04:20.760><c> kind</c><00:04:21.060><c> of</c><00:04:21.120><c> go</c><00:04:21.359><c> through</c><00:04:21.660><c> in</c><00:04:22.320><c> your</c><00:04:22.620><c> TLS</c>

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is what kind of go through in your TLS
 

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is what kind of go through in your TLS
channels<00:04:23.340><c> and</c><00:04:23.460><c> stuff</c><00:04:23.580><c> like</c><00:04:23.699><c> that</c><00:04:23.820><c> right</c><00:04:24.120><c> you</c>

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channels and stuff like that right you
 

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channels and stuff like that right you
first<00:04:24.900><c> encrypt</c><00:04:25.259><c> it</c><00:04:25.440><c> and</c><00:04:26.340><c> then</c><00:04:26.520><c> you</c><00:04:27.240><c> kind</c><00:04:27.479><c> of</c>

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first encrypt it and then you kind of
 

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first encrypt it and then you kind of
run<00:04:27.840><c> this</c><00:04:28.020><c> evaluation</c><00:04:28.380><c> function</c><00:04:28.800><c> which</c><00:04:29.280><c> takes</c>

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run this evaluation function which takes
 

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run this evaluation function which takes
in<00:04:29.699><c> the</c><00:04:29.880><c> circuit</c><00:04:30.240><c> right</c><00:04:31.199><c> and</c><00:04:31.560><c> this</c><00:04:31.860><c> uh</c><00:04:32.400><c> stepper</c>

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in the circuit right and this uh stepper
 

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in the circuit right and this uh stepper
text

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text
 

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text
to<00:04:34.259><c> get</c><00:04:34.380><c> another</c><00:04:34.500><c> set</c><00:04:34.800><c> for</c><00:04:34.979><c> text</c><00:04:35.220><c> okay</c>

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to get another set for text okay
 

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to get another set for text okay
um<00:04:37.139><c> we'll</c><00:04:37.620><c> have</c><00:04:37.800><c> you</c><00:04:37.919><c> down</c><00:04:38.100><c> here</c><00:04:38.220><c> well</c><00:04:38.460><c> I</c>

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um we'll have you down here well I
 

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um we'll have you down here well I
haven't<00:04:38.759><c> really</c><00:04:38.880><c> done</c><00:04:39.060><c> anything</c><00:04:39.180><c> useful</c>

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haven't really done anything useful
 

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haven't really done anything useful
right<00:04:39.780><c> but</c><00:04:39.900><c> let's</c><00:04:40.020><c> actually</c><00:04:40.440><c> try</c><00:04:40.680><c> to</c><00:04:40.860><c> decrypt</c>

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right but let's actually try to decrypt
 

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right but let's actually try to decrypt
this<00:04:41.820><c> thing</c><00:04:41.940><c> again</c><00:04:42.180><c> right</c><00:04:42.860><c> uh</c><00:04:43.860><c> if</c><00:04:44.100><c> a</c><00:04:44.340><c> fishy</c>

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this thing again right uh if a fishy
 

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this thing again right uh if a fishy
skin<00:04:44.940><c> allows</c><00:04:45.419><c> you</c><00:04:45.479><c> to</c><00:04:45.660><c> essentially</c>

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skin allows you to essentially
 

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skin allows you to essentially
um<00:04:47.400><c> so</c><00:04:47.699><c> if</c><00:04:47.880><c> you</c><00:04:48.000><c> decrypt</c><00:04:48.419><c> this</c><00:04:48.540><c> and</c><00:04:49.199><c> you</c><00:04:49.500><c> know</c>

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um so if you decrypt this and you know
 

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um so if you decrypt this and you know
and<00:04:49.740><c> there's</c><00:04:49.860><c> things</c><00:04:50.040><c> that</c><00:04:50.280><c> it's</c><00:04:50.699><c> uh</c><00:04:50.940><c> you</c><00:04:51.120><c> know</c>

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and there's things that it's uh you know
 

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and there's things that it's uh you know
it<00:04:51.300><c> actually</c><00:04:51.540><c> works</c><00:04:52.020><c> it</c><00:04:52.440><c> means</c><00:04:52.680><c> that</c><00:04:52.800><c> you</c>

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it actually works it means that you
 

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it actually works it means that you
actually<00:04:53.160><c> get</c><00:04:53.400><c> back</c><00:04:53.580><c> to</c><00:04:53.759><c> the</c><00:04:53.940><c> resultant</c>

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actually get back to the resultant
 

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actually get back to the resultant
computation<00:04:54.840><c> okay</c><00:04:55.440><c> so</c><00:04:55.860><c> what</c><00:04:56.100><c> have</c><00:04:56.280><c> we</c><00:04:56.400><c> done</c>

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computation okay so what have we done
 

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computation okay so what have we done
here<00:04:56.759><c> instead</c><00:04:57.360><c> of</c><00:04:57.419><c> doing</c><00:04:57.600><c> computation</c><00:04:58.139><c> in</c><00:04:58.320><c> the</c>

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here instead of doing computation in the
 

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here instead of doing computation in the
clear

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clear
 

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clear
we<00:04:59.699><c> can</c><00:04:59.940><c> first</c><00:05:00.120><c> encrypt</c><00:05:00.660><c> do</c><00:05:01.380><c> the</c><00:05:01.560><c> computation</c>

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we can first encrypt do the computation
 

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we can first encrypt do the computation
and<00:05:02.280><c> then</c><00:05:02.400><c> decrypt</c><00:05:03.360><c> Okay</c><00:05:03.900><c> so</c><00:05:04.919><c> so</c><00:05:05.639><c> this</c><00:05:06.060><c> thing</c>

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and then decrypt Okay so so this thing
 

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and then decrypt Okay so so this thing
is<00:05:06.300><c> like</c><00:05:06.600><c> really</c><00:05:06.840><c> really</c><00:05:07.199><c> sick</c><00:05:07.500><c> right</c><00:05:07.800><c> because</c>

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is like really really sick right because
 

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is like really really sick right because
um<00:05:09.000><c> it</c><00:05:09.360><c> allows</c><00:05:09.720><c> you</c><00:05:09.780><c> to</c><00:05:09.900><c> do</c><00:05:10.259><c> computational</c>

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um it allows you to do computational
 

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um it allows you to do computational
encrypted<00:05:11.100><c> data</c><00:05:11.400><c> it's</c><00:05:11.880><c> like</c><00:05:12.060><c> you</c><00:05:12.479><c> know</c><00:05:12.600><c> the</c>

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encrypted data it's like you know the
 

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encrypted data it's like you know the
Holy<00:05:13.020><c> Grail</c><00:05:13.320><c> of</c><00:05:13.440><c> you</c><00:05:13.979><c> know</c><00:05:14.040><c> Computing</c><00:05:14.880><c> uh</c><00:05:15.600><c> and</c>

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Holy Grail of you know Computing uh and
 

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Holy Grail of you know Computing uh and
privacy<00:05:16.199><c> right</c>

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privacy right
 

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privacy right
um

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um
 

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um
so<00:05:18.840><c> you</c><00:05:19.199><c> know</c><00:05:19.259><c> this</c><00:05:19.380><c> thing</c><00:05:19.560><c> has</c><00:05:19.740><c> been</c>

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so you know this thing has been
 

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so you know this thing has been
discussed<00:05:20.580><c> ever</c><00:05:20.759><c> since</c><00:05:20.940><c> like</c><00:05:21.240><c> the</c><00:05:21.780><c> 80s</c>

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discussed ever since like the 80s
 

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discussed ever since like the 80s
um<00:05:23.039><c> but</c><00:05:23.280><c> like</c><00:05:23.460><c> you</c><00:05:23.759><c> know</c><00:05:23.820><c> recently</c><00:05:24.300><c> we</c><00:05:25.139><c> like</c>

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um but like you know recently we like
 

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um but like you know recently we like
only<00:05:26.039><c> within</c><00:05:26.400><c> the</c><00:05:26.580><c> past</c><00:05:26.699><c> about</c><00:05:27.120><c> 15</c><00:05:27.419><c> years</c><00:05:27.720><c> do</c>

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only within the past about 15 years do
 

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only within the past about 15 years do
we<00:05:28.080><c> know</c><00:05:28.259><c> constructions</c><00:05:28.919><c> of</c><00:05:29.039><c> this</c><00:05:29.160><c> thing</c><00:05:29.340><c> okay</c>

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we know constructions of this thing okay
 

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we know constructions of this thing okay
so<00:05:30.479><c> there's</c><00:05:30.900><c> still</c><00:05:31.139><c> a</c><00:05:31.259><c> single</c><00:05:31.440><c> point</c><00:05:31.560><c> of</c>

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so there's still a single point of
 

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so there's still a single point of
failure<00:05:31.979><c> here</c><00:05:32.160><c> which</c><00:05:32.340><c> is</c><00:05:32.460><c> the</c><00:05:32.639><c> decryption</c><00:05:33.240><c> key</c>

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failure here which is the decryption key
 

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failure here which is the decryption key
right<00:05:33.840><c> so</c><00:05:34.259><c> that</c><00:05:34.440><c> anyone</c><00:05:34.860><c> holds</c><00:05:35.340><c> a</c><00:05:35.460><c> decryption</c>

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right so that anyone holds a decryption
 

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right so that anyone holds a decryption
key<00:05:35.880><c> can</c><00:05:36.120><c> get</c><00:05:36.300><c> the</c><00:05:36.479><c> data</c><00:05:36.780><c> so</c><00:05:37.320><c> the</c><00:05:37.500><c> idea</c><00:05:37.860><c> is</c>

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key can get the data so the idea is
 

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key can get the data so the idea is
we're<00:05:38.100><c> going</c><00:05:38.220><c> to</c><00:05:38.400><c> like</c><00:05:38.940><c> move</c><00:05:39.360><c> everything</c>

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we're going to like move everything
 

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we're going to like move everything
Unchained<00:05:40.380><c> to</c><00:05:40.620><c> be</c><00:05:40.860><c> encrypted</c><00:05:41.820><c> and</c><00:05:42.060><c> stuff</c>

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Unchained to be encrypted and stuff
 

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Unchained to be encrypted and stuff
right<00:05:42.600><c> so</c><00:05:43.080><c> but</c><00:05:43.440><c> we</c><00:05:43.620><c> don't</c><00:05:43.800><c> want</c><00:05:44.039><c> a</c><00:05:44.580><c> single</c>

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right so but we don't want a single
 

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right so but we don't want a single
person<00:05:44.940><c> to</c><00:05:45.180><c> be</c><00:05:45.240><c> able</c><00:05:45.360><c> to</c><00:05:45.419><c> decrypt</c><00:05:45.780><c> so</c><00:05:46.199><c> what</c><00:05:46.500><c> do</c>

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person to be able to decrypt so what do
 

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person to be able to decrypt so what do
we<00:05:46.800><c> do</c><00:05:46.919><c> we're</c><00:05:47.400><c> going</c><00:05:47.639><c> to</c><00:05:47.699><c> add</c>

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we do we're going to add
 

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we do we're going to add
um<00:05:49.100><c> thresholds</c><00:05:50.100><c> cryptography</c><00:05:50.940><c> we're</c><00:05:51.539><c> going</c>

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um thresholds cryptography we're going
 

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um thresholds cryptography we're going
to<00:05:51.840><c> SQL</c><00:05:52.380><c> share</c><00:05:52.560><c> the</c><00:05:52.740><c> decryption</c><00:05:53.220><c> key</c><00:05:53.460><c> to</c><00:05:53.820><c> every</c>

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to SQL share the decryption key to every
 

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to SQL share the decryption key to every
single<00:05:54.240><c> validator</c><00:05:54.600><c> okay</c><00:05:55.080><c> so</c><00:05:55.500><c> now</c><00:05:55.620><c> I'm</c><00:05:55.740><c> gonna</c>

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single validator okay so now I'm gonna
 

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single validator okay so now I'm gonna
have<00:05:55.979><c> to</c><00:05:56.100><c> guarantee</c><00:05:56.460><c> that</c><00:05:56.699><c> you</c><00:05:57.300><c> can</c><00:05:57.479><c> only</c>

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have to guarantee that you can only
 

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have to guarantee that you can only
reconstruct<00:05:58.320><c> what's</c><00:05:59.039><c> inside</c><00:05:59.340><c> if</c>

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reconstruct what's inside if
 

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reconstruct what's inside if
um

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um
 

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um
if<00:06:03.180><c> k</c><00:06:03.419><c> out</c><00:06:03.660><c> of</c><00:06:03.780><c> the</c><00:06:03.840><c> N</c><00:06:03.960><c> validators</c><00:06:04.440><c> say</c><00:06:04.860><c> so</c><00:06:05.100><c> okay</c>

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if k out of the N validators say so okay
 

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if k out of the N validators say so okay
all<00:06:07.080><c> right</c><00:06:07.259><c> so</c><00:06:07.620><c> all</c><00:06:08.220><c> right</c><00:06:08.340><c> so</c><00:06:08.580><c> what</c><00:06:09.060><c> can</c><00:06:09.180><c> we</c><00:06:09.300><c> do</c>

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all right so all right so what can we do
 

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all right so all right so what can we do
with<00:06:09.600><c> that</c><00:06:09.780><c> uh</c><00:06:10.740><c> you</c><00:06:10.979><c> know</c><00:06:11.100><c> with</c><00:06:11.220><c> such</c><00:06:11.400><c> a</c>

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with that uh you know with such a
 

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with that uh you know with such a
virtual<00:06:11.940><c> Effigy</c><00:06:12.360><c> scheme</c><00:06:12.660><c> uh</c><00:06:13.380><c> it</c><00:06:13.560><c> turns</c><00:06:13.800><c> out</c><00:06:13.800><c> we</c>

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virtual Effigy scheme uh it turns out we
 

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virtual Effigy scheme uh it turns out we
can<00:06:14.220><c> basically</c><00:06:14.539><c> uh</c><00:06:15.539><c> you</c><00:06:15.720><c> know</c><00:06:15.840><c> do</c>

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can basically uh you know do
 

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can basically uh you know do
confidential<00:06:17.400><c> same</c><00:06:18.300><c> machine</c><00:06:18.539><c> replication</c><00:06:19.199><c> on</c>

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confidential same machine replication on
 

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confidential same machine replication on
chain

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chain
 

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chain
and<00:06:21.060><c> to</c><00:06:21.180><c> release</c><00:06:21.300><c> any</c><00:06:21.720><c> information</c><00:06:22.100><c> uh</c><00:06:23.100><c> you</c>

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and to release any information uh you
 

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and to release any information uh you
know<00:06:23.280><c> that</c><00:06:23.460><c> we</c><00:06:23.580><c> want</c><00:06:23.699><c> to</c><00:06:23.819><c> the</c><00:06:24.240><c> public</c>

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know that we want to the public
 

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know that we want to the public
so<00:06:26.940><c> let</c><00:06:27.600><c> me</c><00:06:27.780><c> kind</c><00:06:28.500><c> of</c><00:06:28.620><c> wrap</c><00:06:29.039><c> up</c><00:06:29.160><c> by</c><00:06:29.460><c> telling</c><00:06:30.180><c> you</c>

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so let me kind of wrap up by telling you
 

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so let me kind of wrap up by telling you
about<00:06:30.360><c> the</c><00:06:30.539><c> work</c><00:06:30.660><c> of</c><00:06:30.900><c> Pesca</c><00:06:31.319><c> uh</c><00:06:32.280><c> so</c><00:06:32.520><c> Pesca</c><00:06:32.940><c> it's</c>

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about the work of Pesca uh so Pesca it's
 

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about the work of Pesca uh so Pesca it's
uh<00:06:34.919><c> well</c><00:06:35.340><c> short</c><00:06:35.580><c> for</c><00:06:35.880><c> privacy</c><00:06:36.300><c> enhancing</c>

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uh well short for privacy enhancing
 

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uh well short for privacy enhancing
smart<00:06:37.080><c> contract</c><00:06:37.440><c> architecture</c><00:06:37.919><c> which</c><00:06:38.880><c> is</c>

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smart contract architecture which is
 

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smart contract architecture which is
kind<00:06:39.419><c> of</c><00:06:39.600><c> a</c><00:06:39.780><c> blueprint</c><00:06:40.380><c> to</c><00:06:40.680><c> unify</c><00:06:41.220><c> the</c><00:06:41.400><c> three</c>

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kind of a blueprint to unify the three
 

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kind of a blueprint to unify the three
types<00:06:41.759><c> of</c><00:06:41.940><c> computation</c><00:06:42.300><c> right</c><00:06:42.720><c> so</c><00:06:43.139><c> we</c><00:06:43.259><c> have</c>

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types of computation right so we have
 

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types of computation right so we have
transparent<00:06:43.919><c> unchain</c><00:06:44.280><c> computation</c><00:06:44.759><c> zero</c>

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transparent unchain computation zero
 

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transparent unchain computation zero
knowledge<00:06:45.840><c> option</c><00:06:46.139><c> computation</c><00:06:46.620><c> and</c><00:06:47.100><c> this</c><00:06:47.280><c> on</c>

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knowledge option computation and this on
 

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knowledge option computation and this on
chain<00:06:47.759><c> replicated</c><00:06:48.600><c> computation</c><00:06:49.199><c> computation</c>

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chain replicated computation computation
 

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chain replicated computation computation
is<00:06:51.000><c> a</c><00:06:51.120><c> framework</c><00:06:51.360><c> that</c><00:06:51.539><c> I</c><00:06:51.660><c> try</c><00:06:51.780><c> to</c><00:06:51.900><c> unite</c><00:06:52.259><c> the</c>

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is a framework that I try to unite the
 

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is a framework that I try to unite the
three<00:06:52.740><c> things</c><00:06:52.919><c> you</c><00:06:53.520><c> know</c><00:06:53.639><c> putting</c><00:06:54.000><c> the</c><00:06:54.060><c> three</c>

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three things you know putting the three
 

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three things you know putting the three
together

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together
 

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together
um<00:06:56.639><c> so</c><00:06:57.120><c> very</c><00:06:57.360><c> briefly</c><00:06:57.720><c> on</c><00:06:57.960><c> what</c><00:06:58.259><c> kind</c><00:06:58.560><c> of</c><00:06:58.740><c> what</c>

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um so very briefly on what kind of what
 

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um so very briefly on what kind of what
the<00:07:00.000><c> challenge</c><00:07:00.180><c> is</c><00:07:00.419><c> here</c><00:07:00.660><c> so</c><00:07:01.259><c> the</c><00:07:01.500><c> challenge</c>

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the challenge is here so the challenge
 

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the challenge is here so the challenge
is<00:07:01.740><c> that</c><00:07:01.919><c> if</c><00:07:02.100><c> you</c><00:07:02.160><c> want</c><00:07:02.280><c> to</c><00:07:02.340><c> make</c><00:07:02.460><c> this</c><00:07:02.580><c> in</c>

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is that if you want to make this in
 

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is that if you want to make this in
Practical<00:07:03.060><c> uh</c><00:07:04.020><c> you</c><00:07:04.139><c> have</c><00:07:04.680><c> to</c><00:07:04.800><c> really</c><00:07:04.979><c> really</c>

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Practical uh you have to really really
 

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Practical uh you have to really really
think<00:07:05.460><c> about</c><00:07:05.639><c> efficiency</c><00:07:06.120><c> as</c><00:07:07.080><c> it</c><00:07:07.259><c> so</c><00:07:07.500><c> it</c><00:07:07.620><c> turns</c>

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think about efficiency as it so it turns
 

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think about efficiency as it so it turns
out<00:07:07.979><c> FH</c><00:07:08.639><c> is</c><00:07:08.880><c> really</c><00:07:09.060><c> really</c><00:07:09.240><c> slow</c><00:07:09.740><c> and</c><00:07:10.740><c> uh</c><00:07:11.340><c> is</c>

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out FH is really really slow and uh is
 

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out FH is really really slow and uh is
way<00:07:11.880><c> slower</c><00:07:12.120><c> than</c><00:07:12.240><c> ZK</c><00:07:12.539><c> even</c><00:07:12.840><c> so</c><00:07:13.560><c> you</c><00:07:13.740><c> want</c><00:07:13.860><c> to</c>

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way slower than ZK even so you want to
 

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way slower than ZK even so you want to
push<00:07:14.100><c> computation</c><00:07:14.639><c> to</c><00:07:14.940><c> zero</c><00:07:15.240><c> knowledge</c><00:07:15.479><c> as</c>

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push computation to zero knowledge as
 

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push computation to zero knowledge as
much<00:07:15.840><c> as</c><00:07:15.900><c> possible</c><00:07:16.259><c> while</c><00:07:17.100><c> doing</c><00:07:17.460><c> you</c><00:07:17.880><c> know</c>

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much as possible while doing you know
 

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much as possible while doing you know
the<00:07:18.900><c> bare</c><00:07:19.380><c> minimum</c><00:07:19.620><c> amount</c><00:07:20.160><c> of</c><00:07:20.280><c> like</c><00:07:20.460><c> shared</c>

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the bare minimum amount of like shared
 

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the bare minimum amount of like shared
computation<00:07:21.180><c> in</c><00:07:21.360><c> fhg</c><00:07:22.440><c> okay</c><00:07:23.000><c> and</c><00:07:24.000><c> uh</c><00:07:24.419><c> I'm</c><00:07:24.599><c> going</c>

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computation in fhg okay and uh I'm going
 

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computation in fhg okay and uh I'm going
to<00:07:24.900><c> kind</c><00:07:25.199><c> of</c><00:07:25.319><c> connect</c><00:07:25.500><c> the</c><00:07:25.740><c> two</c><00:07:25.919><c> components</c>

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to kind of connect the two components
 

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to kind of connect the two components
using<00:07:26.520><c> virtual</c><00:07:26.819><c> decryption</c><00:07:27.300><c> so</c><00:07:28.080><c> it's</c><00:07:28.319><c> going</c>

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using virtual decryption so it's going
 

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using virtual decryption so it's going
to<00:07:28.800><c> look</c><00:07:28.919><c> at</c><00:07:29.039><c> look</c><00:07:29.580><c> like</c><00:07:29.699><c> this</c><00:07:29.880><c> where</c><00:07:30.599><c> on</c><00:07:30.840><c> the</c>

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to look at look like this where on the
 

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to look at look like this where on the
left<00:07:30.960><c> hand</c><00:07:31.080><c> side</c><00:07:31.259><c> we'll</c><00:07:31.500><c> have</c><00:07:31.620><c> some</c><00:07:31.740><c> type</c><00:07:31.919><c> of</c>

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left hand side we'll have some type of
 

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left hand side we'll have some type of
like<00:07:32.220><c> DK</c><00:07:32.639><c> shooter</c><00:07:33.000><c> tool</c><00:07:33.240><c> which</c><00:07:33.360><c> is</c><00:07:33.479><c> really</c>

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like DK shooter tool which is really
 

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like DK shooter tool which is really
standards<00:07:34.139><c> we're</c><00:07:34.800><c> going</c><00:07:34.979><c> to</c><00:07:35.720><c> also</c><00:07:36.720><c> use</c><00:07:36.780><c> zero</c>

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standards we're going to also use zero
 

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standards we're going to also use zero
dollars<00:07:37.380><c> to</c><00:07:37.620><c> kind</c><00:07:37.800><c> of</c>

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dollars to kind of
 

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dollars to kind of
encode<00:07:39.660><c> inputs</c><00:07:40.080><c> into</c><00:07:40.259><c> this</c><00:07:40.500><c> apigee</c>

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encode inputs into this apigee
 

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encode inputs into this apigee
computation<00:07:41.580><c> module</c><00:07:41.940><c> on</c><00:07:42.120><c> chain</c><00:07:42.360><c> and</c><00:07:42.960><c> then</c>

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computation module on chain and then
 

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computation module on chain and then
we're<00:07:43.199><c> going</c><00:07:43.380><c> to</c><00:07:43.500><c> decrypt</c><00:07:43.979><c> stuff</c><00:07:44.160><c> and</c><00:07:44.400><c> then</c>

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we're going to decrypt stuff and then
 

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we're going to decrypt stuff and then
put<00:07:45.539><c> it</c><00:07:45.599><c> back</c><00:07:45.780><c> into</c><00:07:46.020><c> the</c><00:07:46.259><c> you</c><00:07:46.440><c> know</c><00:07:46.560><c> through</c>

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put it back into the you know through
 

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put it back into the you know through
the<00:07:46.919><c> pool</c>

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the pool
 

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the pool
um<00:07:48.180><c> so</c><00:07:48.960><c> this</c><00:07:49.500><c> is</c><00:07:49.620><c> actually</c><00:07:49.860><c> inspired</c><00:07:50.759><c> by</c><00:07:51.120><c> the</c>

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um so this is actually inspired by the
 

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um so this is actually inspired by the
penumbra<00:07:52.080><c> State</c><00:07:52.199><c> model</c><00:07:52.440><c> I</c><00:07:52.919><c> encourage</c><00:07:53.220><c> you</c><00:07:53.340><c> to</c>

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penumbra State model I encourage you to
 

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penumbra State model I encourage you to
kind<00:07:53.639><c> of</c><00:07:53.699><c> look</c><00:07:53.880><c> it</c><00:07:54.000><c> up</c><00:07:54.180><c> it's</c><00:07:54.479><c> it's</c><00:07:54.840><c> actually</c>

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kind of look it up it's it's actually
 

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kind of look it up it's it's actually
one<00:07:55.319><c> of</c><00:07:55.440><c> the</c>

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one of the
 

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one of the
cooler<00:07:57.180><c> projects</c><00:07:57.840><c> that's</c><00:07:58.139><c> you</c><00:07:58.319><c> know</c><00:07:58.380><c> being</c>

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cooler projects that's you know being
 

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cooler projects that's you know being
implemented<00:07:58.860><c> right</c><00:07:59.039><c> now</c><00:07:59.160><c> that</c><00:07:59.400><c> have</c><00:07:59.580><c> that's</c><00:07:59.880><c> a</c>

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implemented right now that have that's a
 

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implemented right now that have that's a
private<00:08:00.360><c> X</c><00:08:00.599><c> okay</c><00:08:01.380><c> anyways</c><00:08:02.580><c> um</c><00:08:02.639><c> and</c><00:08:03.300><c> in</c><00:08:03.539><c> the</c>

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private X okay anyways um and in the
 

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private X okay anyways um and in the
work<00:08:03.780><c> we</c><00:08:04.259><c> also</c><00:08:04.680><c> extend</c><00:08:05.099><c> this</c><00:08:05.220><c> to</c><00:08:05.520><c> uh</c><00:08:06.120><c> to</c><00:08:06.300><c> some</c>

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work we also extend this to uh to some
 

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work we also extend this to uh to some
Publications<00:08:06.960><c> uh</c><00:08:07.860><c> one</c><00:08:08.099><c> of</c><00:08:08.220><c> which</c><00:08:08.340><c> is</c><00:08:08.580><c> uh</c>

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Publications uh one of which is uh
 

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Publications uh one of which is uh
essentially<00:08:09.539><c> a</c><00:08:09.720><c> dark</c><00:08:09.840><c> pool</c><00:08:10.080><c> a</c><00:08:10.500><c> privacy</c>

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essentially a dark pool a privacy
 

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essentially a dark pool a privacy
preserving<00:08:11.460><c> custom</c><00:08:11.940><c> function</c><00:08:12.300><c> Market</c><00:08:12.479><c> maker</c>

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preserving custom function Market maker
 

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preserving custom function Market maker
and<00:08:13.199><c> the</c><00:08:13.380><c> other</c><00:08:13.500><c> one</c><00:08:13.620><c> is</c><00:08:13.800><c> uh</c><00:08:14.039><c> first</c><00:08:14.280><c> first</c>

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and the other one is uh first first
 

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and the other one is uh first first
price<00:08:14.880><c> privacy</c><00:08:15.479><c> preserve</c><00:08:15.840><c> auction</c>

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price privacy preserve auction
 

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price privacy preserve auction
okay<00:08:17.099><c> so</c><00:08:17.340><c> let</c><00:08:17.520><c> me</c><00:08:17.639><c> in</c><00:08:17.880><c> by</c><00:08:18.120><c> a</c><00:08:18.660><c> short</c><00:08:18.780><c> conclusion</c>

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okay so let me in by a short conclusion
 

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okay so let me in by a short conclusion
which<00:08:20.460><c> is</c><00:08:21.060><c> uh</c><00:08:21.599><c> you</c><00:08:21.660><c> know</c><00:08:21.780><c> what</c><00:08:21.840><c> are</c><00:08:22.020><c> the</c><00:08:22.020><c> three</c>

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which is uh you know what are the three
 

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which is uh you know what are the three
points<00:08:22.379><c> I</c><00:08:22.560><c> talk</c><00:08:22.740><c> about</c><00:08:22.860><c> today</c><00:08:23.580><c> privacy</c><00:08:24.300><c> is</c>

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points I talk about today privacy is
 

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points I talk about today privacy is
you<00:08:26.639><c> know</c><00:08:26.699><c> privacy</c><00:08:27.479><c> it's</c><00:08:27.780><c> really</c><00:08:28.080><c> important</c>

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you know privacy it's really important
 

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you know privacy it's really important
in<00:08:28.620><c> blockchain</c><00:08:28.979><c> space</c><00:08:29.220><c> and</c><00:08:30.180><c> zero</c><00:08:30.660><c> knowledge</c>

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in blockchain space and zero knowledge
 

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in blockchain space and zero knowledge
is<00:08:30.960><c> not</c><00:08:31.080><c> a</c><00:08:31.199><c> full</c><00:08:31.319><c> solution</c>

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is not a full solution
 

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is not a full solution
and<00:08:32.940><c> to</c><00:08:33.180><c> get</c><00:08:33.360><c> confidential</c><00:08:34.140><c> share</c><00:08:34.320><c> States</c><00:08:34.620><c> we</c>

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and to get confidential share States we
 

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and to get confidential share States we
need<00:08:35.159><c> something</c><00:08:35.339><c> that's</c><00:08:35.580><c> fancier</c><00:08:35.940><c> and</c><00:08:36.719><c> in</c>

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need something that's fancier and in
 

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need something that's fancier and in
this<00:08:37.380><c> talk</c><00:08:37.680><c> I</c><00:08:37.979><c> presented</c><00:08:38.399><c> one</c><00:08:38.820><c> option</c><00:08:39.180><c> using</c>

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this talk I presented one option using
 

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this talk I presented one option using
apigee

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apigee
 

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apigee
and<00:08:41.399><c> encourage</c><00:08:41.760><c> you</c><00:08:41.880><c> to</c><00:08:42.000><c> go</c><00:08:42.240><c> check</c><00:08:42.419><c> out</c><00:08:42.539><c> the</c>

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and encourage you to go check out the
 

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and encourage you to go check out the
work<00:08:42.779><c> of</c><00:08:42.899><c> best</c><00:08:43.080><c> gun</c><00:08:43.320><c> and</c><00:08:44.039><c> the</c><00:08:44.159><c> link</c><00:08:44.399><c> to</c><00:08:44.580><c> the</c>

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work of best gun and the link to the
 

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work of best gun and the link to the
paper<00:08:44.940><c> is</c><00:08:45.480><c> in</c><00:08:46.080><c> this</c><00:08:46.260><c> QR</c><00:08:46.560><c> code</c><00:08:47.000><c> anyone</c><00:08:48.000><c> that</c>

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paper is in this QR code anyone that
 

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paper is in this QR code anyone that
they<00:08:48.540><c> didn't</c><00:08:48.720><c> raise</c><00:08:48.959><c> their</c><00:08:49.200><c> hands</c><00:08:49.380><c> everybody</c>

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they didn't raise their hands everybody
 

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they didn't raise their hands everybody
understood<00:08:50.160><c> that</c>

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understood that
 

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understood that
already<00:08:52.200><c> when</c><00:08:52.800><c> stuck</c><00:08:53.160><c> with</c><00:08:53.339><c> way</c><00:08:53.580><c> after</c><00:08:54.000><c> the</c>

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already when stuck with way after the
 

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already when stuck with way after the
talk<00:08:54.420><c> thank</c><00:08:54.660><c> you</c><00:08:54.779><c> so</c><00:08:54.899><c> much</c><00:08:55.019><c> wait</c><00:08:55.320><c> once</c><00:08:55.800><c> again</c>