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[Applause]

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this<00:00:12.940><c> is</c><00:00:13.059><c> presentations</c><00:00:13.719><c> at</c><00:00:13.809><c> all</c><00:00:13.929><c> I</c><00:00:14.139><c> guess</c><00:00:14.170><c> I</c>

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this is presentations at all I guess I
 

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this is presentations at all I guess I
don't<00:00:14.559><c> attack</c><00:00:14.949><c> how</c><00:00:15.219><c> it</c><00:00:15.369><c> happened</c><00:00:15.699><c> to</c><00:00:15.759><c> how</c><00:00:15.910><c> to</c>

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don't attack how it happened to how to
 

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don't attack how it happened to how to
make<00:00:16.270><c> themself</c>

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make themself
 

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make themself
it's<00:00:17.289><c> an</c><00:00:17.470><c> overview</c><00:00:17.890><c> of</c><00:00:18.210><c> gas</c><00:00:19.380><c> exploit</c><00:00:20.380><c> changes</c>

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it's an overview of gas exploit changes
 

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it's an overview of gas exploit changes
that<00:00:21.489><c> happen</c><00:00:21.759><c> last</c><00:00:21.939><c> year</c><00:00:22.529><c> it</c><00:00:23.529><c> relies</c><00:00:24.009><c> on</c><00:00:24.430><c> a</c>

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that happen last year it relies on a
 

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that happen last year it relies on a
concept<00:00:25.420><c> called</c><00:00:25.630><c> Gaston</c><00:00:26.170><c> canvas</c><00:00:26.529><c> this</c>

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concept called Gaston canvas this
 

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concept called Gaston canvas this
concept<00:00:27.189><c> is</c><00:00:27.279><c> too</c><00:00:27.460><c> hard</c><00:00:27.880><c> to</c><00:00:27.939><c> get</c><00:00:28.150><c> into</c><00:00:28.419><c> in</c><00:00:28.539><c> five</c>

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concept is too hard to get into in five
 

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concept is too hard to get into in five
minutes<00:00:29.080><c> but</c><00:00:29.259><c> what</c><00:00:29.949><c> it</c><00:00:30.039><c> basically</c><00:00:30.160><c> is</c><00:00:30.550><c> is</c><00:00:30.699><c> the</c>

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minutes but what it basically is is the
 

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minutes but what it basically is is the
ability<00:00:31.419><c> to</c><00:00:31.630><c> refund</c><00:00:32.730><c> yourself</c><00:00:33.730><c> on</c><00:00:34.000><c> the</c>

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ability to refund yourself on the
 

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ability to refund yourself on the
etherium<00:00:34.839><c> devil</c><00:00:35.079><c> if</c><00:00:35.140><c> it's</c><00:00:35.290><c> built</c><00:00:35.440><c> into</c>

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etherium devil if it's built into
 

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etherium devil if it's built into
aetherium<00:00:36.250><c> and</c><00:00:36.790><c> it's</c><00:00:37.000><c> effectively</c><00:00:37.600><c> in</c><00:00:37.780><c> your</c>

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aetherium and it's effectively in your
 

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aetherium and it's effectively in your
seat<00:00:38.199><c> 20</c><00:00:38.530><c> that</c><00:00:38.680><c> pays</c><00:00:39.100><c> for</c><00:00:39.129><c> your</c><00:00:39.370><c> gas</c><00:00:39.809><c> so</c><00:00:40.809><c> give</c>

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seat 20 that pays for your gas so give
 

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seat 20 that pays for your gas so give
it<00:00:41.260><c> that</c><00:00:41.500><c> context</c><00:00:42.010><c> you'll</c><00:00:42.129><c> be</c><00:00:42.280><c> able</c><00:00:42.340><c> to</c>

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it that context you'll be able to
 

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it that context you'll be able to
understand<00:00:42.969><c> the</c><00:00:43.059><c> rest</c><00:00:43.210><c> of</c><00:00:43.360><c> the</c><00:00:43.449><c> song</c><00:00:44.309><c> and</c><00:00:45.309><c> then</c>

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understand the rest of the song and then
 

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understand the rest of the song and then
so<00:00:45.820><c> they</c><00:00:45.940><c> attacked</c><00:00:46.300><c> given</c><00:00:47.260><c> that</c><00:00:47.440><c> token</c><00:00:48.129><c> is</c><00:00:48.750><c> the</c>

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so they attacked given that token is the
 

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so they attacked given that token is the
next<00:00:50.020><c> point</c><00:00:50.199><c> whereby</c><00:00:51.359><c> anyone</c><00:00:52.359><c> who</c><00:00:52.539><c> pays</c><00:00:52.930><c> for</c><00:00:52.989><c> a</c>

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next point whereby anyone who pays for a
 

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next point whereby anyone who pays for a
transaction<00:00:53.710><c> fee</c><00:00:54.160><c> can</c><00:00:54.399><c> be</c><00:00:54.579><c> to</c><00:00:55.030><c> be</c><00:00:55.180><c> attacked</c><00:00:55.539><c> by</c>

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transaction fee can be to be attacked by
 

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transaction fee can be to be attacked by
minting<00:00:57.550><c> gas</c><00:00:57.730><c> token</c><00:00:58.120><c> for</c><00:00:58.329><c> you</c><00:00:58.449><c> so</c><00:00:58.989><c> in</c><00:00:59.410><c> this</c>

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minting gas token for you so in this
 

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minting gas token for you so in this
example<00:01:00.660><c> exchanges</c><00:01:01.660><c> who</c><00:01:01.870><c> paid</c><00:01:02.199><c> for</c><00:01:02.440><c> your</c>

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example exchanges who paid for your
 

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example exchanges who paid for your
withdrawal<00:01:02.920><c> fees</c><00:01:03.190><c> which</c><00:01:03.550><c> is</c><00:01:03.760><c> all</c><00:01:03.910><c> the</c><00:01:04.030><c> changes</c>

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withdrawal fees which is all the changes
 

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withdrawal fees which is all the changes
in<00:01:04.509><c> this</c><00:01:04.690><c> case</c><00:01:05.070><c> if</c><00:01:06.070><c> you</c><00:01:06.310><c> withdraw</c><00:01:06.929><c> if</c><00:01:07.929><c> you</c><00:01:08.140><c> make</c>

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in this case if you withdraw if you make
 

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in this case if you withdraw if you make
a<00:01:08.350><c> withdrawal</c><00:01:08.530><c> from</c><00:01:08.979><c> an</c><00:01:09.130><c> exchange</c><00:01:09.369><c> into</c><00:01:09.759><c> a</c>

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a withdrawal from an exchange into a
 

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a withdrawal from an exchange into a
contract<00:01:10.330><c> that</c><00:01:10.420><c> you</c><00:01:10.539><c> created</c><00:01:10.960><c> that</c><00:01:11.080><c> has</c><00:01:11.440><c> this</c>

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contract that you created that has this
 

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contract that you created that has this
exploit<00:01:12.190><c> iment</c><00:01:12.550><c> what</c><00:01:13.060><c> ends</c><00:01:13.390><c> up</c><00:01:13.450><c> happening</c><00:01:13.509><c> is</c>

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exploit iment what ends up happening is
 

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exploit iment what ends up happening is
the<00:01:14.229><c> exchange</c><00:01:15.990><c> mints</c><00:01:16.990><c> gas</c><00:01:17.170><c> token</c><00:01:17.590><c> for</c><00:01:17.770><c> you</c><00:01:17.860><c> so</c>

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the exchange mints gas token for you so
 

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the exchange mints gas token for you so
what<00:01:18.190><c> that</c><00:01:18.310><c> means</c><00:01:18.520><c> is</c><00:01:18.670><c> they</c><00:01:18.819><c> pay</c><00:01:19.060><c> a</c><00:01:19.090><c> very</c><00:01:19.390><c> high</c>

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what that means is they pay a very high
 

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what that means is they pay a very high
gas<00:01:20.289><c> limit</c><00:01:20.590><c> in</c><00:01:20.860><c> the</c><00:01:20.979><c> transaction</c><00:01:21.580><c> for</c><00:01:22.149><c> your</c>

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gas limit in the transaction for your
 

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gas limit in the transaction for your
withdraw<00:01:22.869><c> of</c><00:01:23.110><c> a</c><00:01:23.410><c> very</c><00:01:23.619><c> small</c><00:01:23.890><c> amount</c><00:01:24.039><c> of</c><00:01:24.190><c> heat</c>

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withdraw of a very small amount of heat
 

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withdraw of a very small amount of heat
and<00:01:24.700><c> what</c><00:01:25.060><c> that</c><00:01:25.209><c> does</c><00:01:25.390><c> is</c><00:01:25.569><c> it</c><00:01:25.750><c> prints</c><00:01:26.020><c> you</c><00:01:26.200><c> of</c>

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and what that does is it prints you of
 

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and what that does is it prints you of
gas<00:01:26.590><c> token</c><00:01:27.099><c> that</c><00:01:27.130><c> that</c><00:01:27.580><c> allows</c><00:01:28.539><c> you</c><00:01:28.750><c> to</c><00:01:28.780><c> drop</c>

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gas token that that allows you to drop
 

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gas token that that allows you to drop
it<00:01:29.380><c> from</c><00:01:29.560><c> their</c><00:01:30.099><c> pain</c><00:01:30.429><c> for</c><00:01:30.729><c> the</c><00:01:30.789><c> withdrawal</c>

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it from their pain for the withdrawal
 

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it from their pain for the withdrawal
fee<00:01:31.390><c> so</c><00:01:31.929><c> in</c><00:01:32.110><c> some</c><00:01:32.289><c> extreme</c><00:01:32.590><c> cases</c><00:01:32.619><c> exchanges</c>

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fee so in some extreme cases exchanges
 

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fee so in some extreme cases exchanges
pay<00:01:33.670><c> up</c><00:01:33.819><c> to</c><00:01:33.970><c> $50</c><00:01:34.599><c> for</c><00:01:34.929><c> you</c><00:01:35.890><c> to</c><00:01:36.060><c> withdrawal</c><00:01:37.060><c> from</c>

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pay up to $50 for you to withdrawal from
 

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pay up to $50 for you to withdrawal from
their<00:01:37.720><c> account</c><00:01:38.080><c> and</c><00:01:38.979><c> effectively</c><00:01:39.640><c> you're</c>

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their account and effectively you're
 

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their account and effectively you're
making<00:01:40.209><c> $50</c><00:01:40.869><c> so</c><00:01:41.140><c> that</c><00:01:41.289><c> was</c><00:01:41.410><c> the</c><00:01:41.500><c> premise</c><00:01:41.830><c> of</c>

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making $50 so that was the premise of
 

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making $50 so that was the premise of
what<00:01:42.160><c> happened</c><00:01:42.610><c> last</c><00:01:42.729><c> year</c><00:01:42.849><c> and</c><00:01:43.479><c> when</c><00:01:43.720><c> it</c>

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what happened last year and when it
 

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what happened last year and when it
happened

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happened
 

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happened
if<00:01:44.490><c> every</c><00:01:44.760><c> exchange</c><00:01:45.030><c> was</c><00:01:45.360><c> affected</c><00:01:45.840><c> to</c>

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if every exchange was affected to
 

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if every exchange was affected to
varying<00:01:46.770><c> degrees</c><00:01:47.130><c> of</c><00:01:47.160><c> severity</c><00:01:47.960><c> and</c><00:01:48.960><c> in</c><00:01:49.860><c> Who</c>

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varying degrees of severity and in Who
 

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varying degrees of severity and in Who
am<00:01:50.220><c> I</c>

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am I
 

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am I
co-founder<00:01:52.170><c> of</c><00:01:52.200><c> the</c><00:01:52.380><c> gas</c><00:01:52.530><c> second</c><00:01:52.920><c> attack</c><00:01:53.610><c> if</c>

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co-founder of the gas second attack if
 

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co-founder of the gas second attack if
you<00:01:54.120><c> audit</c><00:01:54.479><c> with</c><00:01:54.720><c> zero</c><00:01:54.930><c> trust</c><00:01:55.260><c> and</c><00:01:55.500><c> we</c><00:01:55.590><c> have</c><00:01:55.680><c> a</c>

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you audit with zero trust and we have a
 

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you audit with zero trust and we have a
wallet<00:01:56.220><c> company</c><00:01:56.670><c> called</c><00:01:56.940><c> off</c><00:01:57.150><c> period</c><00:01:57.860><c> one</c>

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wallet company called off period one
 

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wallet company called off period one
question<00:01:59.340><c> that</c><00:01:59.370><c> I</c><00:02:00.090><c> always</c><00:02:00.240><c> get</c><00:02:00.540><c> with</c><00:02:00.690><c> this</c>

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question that I always get with this
 

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question that I always get with this
asked<00:02:01.530><c> is</c><00:02:01.680><c> gasps</c><00:02:01.950><c> token</c><00:02:02.400><c> good</c><00:02:03.050><c> the</c><00:02:04.050><c> basic</c><00:02:04.560><c> idea</c>

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asked is gasps token good the basic idea
 

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asked is gasps token good the basic idea
is<00:02:04.950><c> good</c><00:02:05.250><c> it</c><00:02:05.550><c> says</c><00:02:06.450><c> if</c><00:02:06.720><c> you</c><00:02:06.869><c> want</c><00:02:06.900><c> to</c><00:02:07.260><c> clear</c>

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is good it says if you want to clear
 

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is good it says if you want to clear
some<00:02:08.250><c> estate</c><00:02:08.490><c> on</c><00:02:08.729><c> the</c><00:02:08.970><c> etherium</c><00:02:09.390><c> network</c><00:02:09.660><c> will</c>

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some estate on the etherium network will
 

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some estate on the etherium network will
give<00:02:10.020><c> you</c><00:02:10.110><c> a</c><00:02:10.170><c> refund</c><00:02:10.410><c> for</c><00:02:10.770><c> doing</c><00:02:10.979><c> so</c><00:02:11.160><c> to</c><00:02:11.220><c> make</c>

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give you a refund for doing so to make
 

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give you a refund for doing so to make
the<00:02:11.640><c> state</c><00:02:11.850><c> smaller</c><00:02:12.150><c> but</c><00:02:12.810><c> what's</c><00:02:13.140><c> happened</c><00:02:13.440><c> in</c>

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the state smaller but what's happened in
 

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the state smaller but what's happened in
reality<00:02:13.980><c> is</c><00:02:14.040><c> a</c><00:02:14.160><c> lot</c><00:02:14.310><c> of</c><00:02:14.400><c> people</c><00:02:14.670><c> are</c><00:02:14.730><c> using</c><00:02:14.910><c> it</c>

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reality is a lot of people are using it
 

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reality is a lot of people are using it
maliciously<00:02:15.390><c> so</c><00:02:15.959><c> people</c><00:02:16.230><c> are</c><00:02:16.320><c> printing</c><00:02:16.680><c> a</c>

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maliciously so people are printing a
 

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maliciously so people are printing a
smoking<00:02:17.250><c> now</c><00:02:17.400><c> with</c><00:02:18.030><c> the</c><00:02:18.150><c> intention</c><00:02:18.570><c> of</c><00:02:18.630><c> using</c>

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smoking now with the intention of using
 

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smoking now with the intention of using
it<00:02:19.050><c> later</c><00:02:19.320><c> and</c><00:02:20.250><c> if</c><00:02:20.520><c> that's</c><00:02:20.940><c> not</c><00:02:21.090><c> how</c><00:02:21.360><c> it</c><00:02:21.510><c> was</c>

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it later and if that's not how it was
 

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it later and if that's not how it was
intended<00:02:21.870><c> to</c><00:02:22.050><c> be</c><00:02:22.140><c> used</c><00:02:22.230><c> but</c><00:02:22.590><c> it</c><00:02:22.739><c> is</c><00:02:22.860><c> how</c><00:02:23.040><c> it</c><00:02:23.160><c> is</c>

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intended to be used but it is how it is
 

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intended to be used but it is how it is
being<00:02:23.280><c> is</c><00:02:23.700><c> now</c><00:02:23.880><c> I</c><00:02:24.209><c> mean</c><00:02:25.140><c> how</c><00:02:25.290><c> are</c><00:02:25.320><c> people</c><00:02:25.530><c> using</c>

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being is now I mean how are people using
 

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being is now I mean how are people using
s<00:02:26.190><c> a</c><00:02:26.370><c> lot</c><00:02:27.180><c> of</c><00:02:27.300><c> people</c><00:02:27.510><c> are</c><00:02:27.570><c> using</c><00:02:27.720><c> it</c><00:02:27.959><c> for</c>

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s a lot of people are using it for
 

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s a lot of people are using it for
arbitrage<00:02:28.560><c> so</c><00:02:28.890><c> when</c><00:02:29.790><c> they</c><00:02:29.880><c> go</c><00:02:30.000><c> to</c><00:02:30.030><c> make</c><00:02:30.270><c> a</c>

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arbitrage so when they go to make a
 

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arbitrage so when they go to make a
trade<00:02:30.600><c> or</c><00:02:30.810><c> an</c><00:02:30.900><c> arbitrage</c><00:02:31.320><c> whereas</c><00:02:31.910><c> anyone</c><00:02:32.910><c> in</c>

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trade or an arbitrage whereas anyone in
 

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trade or an arbitrage whereas anyone in
this<00:02:33.120><c> room</c><00:02:33.450><c> will</c><00:02:33.600><c> be</c><00:02:33.690><c> able</c><00:02:33.780><c> to</c><00:02:33.900><c> make</c><00:02:34.050><c> $1</c>

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this room will be able to make $1
 

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this room will be able to make $1
someone<00:02:35.580><c> using</c><00:02:35.850><c> gas</c><00:02:36.000><c> soap</c><00:02:36.270><c> you</c><00:02:36.360><c> might</c><00:02:36.540><c> be</c><00:02:36.660><c> able</c>

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someone using gas soap you might be able
 

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someone using gas soap you might be able
to<00:02:36.810><c> make</c><00:02:36.959><c> a</c><00:02:37.020><c> dollar</c><00:02:37.290><c> and</c><00:02:37.500><c> ten</c><00:02:37.650><c> cents</c><00:02:37.920><c> because</c>

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to make a dollar and ten cents because
 

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to make a dollar and ten cents because
they're<00:02:38.489><c> there</c><00:02:38.760><c> and</c><00:02:40.130><c> their</c><00:02:41.130><c> fees</c><00:02:41.310><c> are</c><00:02:41.340><c> reduced</c>

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they're there and their fees are reduced
 

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they're there and their fees are reduced
because<00:02:41.910><c> they</c><00:02:42.239><c> have</c><00:02:42.390><c> Denisovans</c><00:02:43.520><c> exchanges</c>

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because they have Denisovans exchanges
 

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because they have Denisovans exchanges
can<00:02:44.730><c> use</c><00:02:44.850><c> this</c><00:02:45.000><c> has</c><00:02:45.209><c> effectively</c><00:02:45.630><c> unguessed</c>

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can use this has effectively unguessed
 

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can use this has effectively unguessed
futures<00:02:46.650><c> but</c><00:02:47.120><c> that's</c><00:02:48.120><c> a</c><00:02:48.209><c> little</c><00:02:48.390><c> longer</c>

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futures but that's a little longer
 

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futures but that's a little longer
conversation<00:02:49.350><c> accent</c><00:02:50.180><c> here's</c><00:02:51.180><c> one</c><00:02:51.390><c> example</c>

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conversation accent here's one example
 

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conversation accent here's one example
transaction<00:02:52.350><c> you</c><00:02:52.470><c> can</c><00:02:52.530><c> look</c><00:02:52.739><c> at</c><00:02:52.890><c> later</c><00:02:53.070><c> in</c><00:02:53.220><c> the</c>

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transaction you can look at later in the
 

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transaction you can look at later in the
only<00:02:53.850><c> really</c><00:02:54.120><c> important</c><00:02:54.540><c> part</c><00:02:54.750><c> is</c><00:02:54.870><c> this</c><00:02:54.989><c> isn't</c>

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only really important part is this isn't
 

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only really important part is this isn't
a<00:02:55.380><c> control</c><00:02:56.250><c> for</c><00:02:56.459><c> an</c><00:02:56.549><c> exchange</c><00:02:57.380><c> and</c><00:02:58.380><c> you</c><00:02:58.440><c> can</c>

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a control for an exchange and you can
 

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a control for an exchange and you can
see<00:02:59.040><c> here</c><00:02:59.250><c> the</c><00:02:59.400><c> transaction</c><00:02:59.940><c> fee</c><00:03:00.090><c> is</c><00:03:00.180><c> point</c>

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see here the transaction fee is point
 

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see here the transaction fee is point
two<00:03:00.630><c> either</c><00:03:00.810><c> so</c><00:03:01.110><c> this</c><00:03:01.230><c> is</c><00:03:01.410><c> basically</c><00:03:01.709><c> saying</c>

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two either so this is basically saying
 

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two either so this is basically saying
that<00:03:02.250><c> an</c><00:03:02.340><c> exchange</c>

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that an exchange
 

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that an exchange
they<00:03:03.030><c> point</c><00:03:03.510><c> to</c><00:03:03.749><c> ether</c><00:03:04.140><c> in</c><00:03:04.590><c> order</c><00:03:04.829><c> for</c><00:03:04.980><c> me</c><00:03:05.099><c> and</c>

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they point to ether in order for me and
 

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they point to ether in order for me and
which<00:03:05.340><c> are</c><00:03:05.549><c> all</c><00:03:05.609><c> point</c><00:03:05.969><c> O</c><00:03:06.120><c> one</c><00:03:06.329><c> evening</c><00:03:06.689><c> for</c><00:03:06.840><c> my</c>

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which are all point O one evening for my
 

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which are all point O one evening for my
exchange<00:03:07.290><c> account</c><00:03:07.620><c> so</c><00:03:07.859><c> that</c><00:03:08.189><c> 34</c><00:03:08.909><c> dollars</c><00:03:09.090><c> at</c>

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exchange account so that 34 dollars at
 

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exchange account so that 34 dollars at
the<00:03:09.480><c> time</c><00:03:09.689><c> came</c><00:03:10.139><c> from</c><00:03:10.349><c> living</c><00:03:10.680><c> change</c><00:03:10.920><c> and</c><00:03:11.639><c> so</c>

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the time came from living change and so
 

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the time came from living change and so
it's<00:03:11.909><c> a</c><00:03:12.030><c> very</c><00:03:12.450><c> real</c><00:03:12.719><c> attack</c><00:03:13.700><c> how</c><00:03:14.700><c> can</c><00:03:15.090><c> you</c>

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it's a very real attack how can you
 

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it's a very real attack how can you
change<00:03:15.329><c> this</c><00:03:15.480><c> fix</c><00:03:15.719><c> this</c><00:03:15.870><c> the</c><00:03:16.049><c> answer</c><00:03:16.290><c> is</c><00:03:16.379><c> don't</c>

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change this fix this the answer is don't
 

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change this fix this the answer is don't
pay<00:03:16.739><c> for</c><00:03:16.980><c> a</c><00:03:17.010><c> user's</c><00:03:17.340><c> gas</c><00:03:17.719><c> more</c><00:03:18.719><c> practical</c>

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pay for a user's gas more practical
 

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pay for a user's gas more practical
answer<00:03:19.560><c> is</c><00:03:19.769><c> a</c><00:03:20.250><c> charge</c><00:03:20.579><c> of</c><00:03:20.730><c> withdrawal</c><00:03:21.090><c> feet</c>

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answer is a charge of withdrawal feet
 

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answer is a charge of withdrawal feet
that's<00:03:21.599><c> greater</c><00:03:21.930><c> than</c><00:03:22.200><c> would</c><00:03:22.500><c> be</c><00:03:22.709><c> of</c><00:03:23.010><c> the</c><00:03:24.859><c> fee</c>

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that's greater than would be of the fee
 

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that's greater than would be of the fee
that<00:03:25.889><c> the</c><00:03:26.430><c> user</c><00:03:26.939><c> can</c><00:03:27.239><c> Minden</c><00:03:27.629><c> yes</c><00:03:27.810><c> okay</c><00:03:28.170><c> so</c><00:03:28.200><c> so</c>

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that the user can Minden yes okay so so
 

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that the user can Minden yes okay so so
someone<00:03:29.639><c> like</c><00:03:29.669><c> point</c><00:03:30.090><c> base</c><00:03:30.209><c> charges</c><00:03:30.959><c> $5</c><00:03:31.500><c> order</c>

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someone like point base charges $5 order
 

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someone like point base charges $5 order
withdrawal<00:03:32.129><c> fee</c><00:03:32.510><c> the</c><00:03:33.510><c> user</c><00:03:33.749><c> who</c><00:03:34.499><c> wants</c><00:03:34.709><c> to</c>

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withdrawal fee the user who wants to
 

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withdrawal fee the user who wants to
withdrawal<00:03:35.400><c> print</c><00:03:36.389><c> Gaston</c><00:03:36.719><c> games</c><00:03:36.930><c> can</c><00:03:37.079><c> only</c>

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withdrawal print Gaston games can only
 

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withdrawal print Gaston games can only
be<00:03:37.379><c> able</c><00:03:37.439><c> to</c><00:03:37.530><c> print</c><00:03:37.739><c> lesson</c><00:03:38.189><c> and</c><00:03:38.400><c> it</c><00:03:38.489><c> wouldn't</c>

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be able to print lesson and it wouldn't
 

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be able to print lesson and it wouldn't
make<00:03:38.849><c> economic</c><00:03:39.060><c> sense</c><00:03:39.980><c> a</c><00:03:40.980><c> few</c><00:03:41.459><c> examples</c><00:03:41.909><c> of</c>

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make economic sense a few examples of
 

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make economic sense a few examples of
interfaces<00:03:43.709><c> that</c><00:03:44.189><c> don't</c><00:03:45.439><c> turn</c><00:03:46.439><c> an</c><00:03:46.590><c> abstract</c>

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interfaces that don't turn an abstract
 

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interfaces that don't turn an abstract
with<00:03:47.159><c> gas</c><00:03:47.370><c> but</c><00:03:47.669><c> if</c><00:03:47.760><c> someone</c><00:03:48.060><c> painters</c><00:03:48.419><c> our</c>

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with gas but if someone painters our
 

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with gas but if someone painters our
trust<00:03:49.230><c> wallet</c><00:03:49.530><c> what</c><00:03:49.709><c> makes</c><00:03:49.919><c> it</c><00:03:50.040><c> mathematic</c>

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trust wallet what makes it mathematic
 

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trust wallet what makes it mathematic
you'll<00:03:50.939><c> see</c><00:03:51.090><c> here</c><00:03:51.299><c> they</c><00:03:51.419><c> don't</c><00:03:51.540><c> even</c><00:03:51.689><c> mention</c>

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you'll see here they don't even mention
 

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you'll see here they don't even mention
gas<00:03:52.349><c> but</c><00:03:52.980><c> if</c><00:03:53.099><c> you</c><00:03:53.280><c> use</c><00:03:53.489><c> one</c><00:03:53.730><c> of</c><00:03:53.760><c> these</c><00:03:53.909><c> wallets</c>

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gas but if you use one of these wallets
 

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gas but if you use one of these wallets
to<00:03:54.629><c> send</c><00:03:55.590><c> money</c><00:03:55.799><c> to</c><00:03:55.919><c> someone</c><00:03:56.219><c> or</c><00:03:56.430><c> said</c><00:03:56.609><c> when</c>

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to send money to someone or said when
 

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to send money to someone or said when
you<00:03:56.849><c> do</c><00:03:56.939><c> a</c><00:03:56.969><c> contract</c><00:03:57.419><c> what</c><00:03:57.959><c> might</c><00:03:58.139><c> happen</c><00:03:58.349><c> is</c>

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you do a contract what might happen is
 

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you do a contract what might happen is
that<00:03:58.739><c> contract</c><00:03:59.219><c> might</c><00:03:59.400><c> be</c><00:03:59.609><c> trying</c><00:03:59.790><c> to</c><00:03:59.909><c> save</c>

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that contract might be trying to save
 

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that contract might be trying to save
gas<00:04:00.540><c> from</c><00:04:00.750><c> you</c><00:04:01.159><c> you</c><00:04:02.159><c> almost</c><00:04:02.459><c> won't</c><00:04:02.639><c> even</c><00:04:02.909><c> be</c>

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gas from you you almost won't even be
 

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gas from you you almost won't even be
able<00:04:03.060><c> to</c><00:04:03.150><c> recognize</c><00:04:03.359><c> that</c><00:04:03.870><c> you're</c><00:04:04.049><c> being</c>

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able to recognize that you're being
 

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able to recognize that you're being
attacked<00:04:04.560><c> so</c><00:04:06.319><c> it</c><00:04:07.319><c> is</c><00:04:07.500><c> pretty</c><00:04:07.859><c> dangerous</c>

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attacked so it is pretty dangerous
 

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attacked so it is pretty dangerous
there's<00:04:08.519><c> just</c><00:04:08.669><c> something</c><00:04:08.970><c> I</c><00:04:09.030><c> walked</c><00:04:09.209><c> out</c><00:04:09.389><c> for</c>

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there's just something I walked out for
 

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there's just something I walked out for
and<00:04:11.189><c> then</c><00:04:11.579><c> I'm</c><00:04:11.759><c> running</c><00:04:11.849><c> out</c><00:04:12.090><c> of</c><00:04:12.120><c> time</c><00:04:12.299><c> here</c>

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and then I'm running out of time here
 

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and then I'm running out of time here
but<00:04:12.599><c> but</c><00:04:12.930><c> real</c><00:04:13.109><c> could</c><00:04:13.319><c> be</c><00:04:13.409><c> some</c><00:04:13.590><c> interesting</c>

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but but real could be some interesting
 

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but but real could be some interesting
facts

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facts
 

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facts
these<00:04:17.039><c> guys</c><00:04:19.910><c> and</c><00:04:20.910><c> so</c><00:04:21.209><c> so</c><00:04:21.690><c> some</c><00:04:21.810><c> interesting</c>

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these guys and so so some interesting
 

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these guys and so so some interesting
facts<00:04:22.470><c> about</c><00:04:22.590><c> gas</c><00:04:22.919><c> as</c><00:04:23.310><c> everyone</c><00:04:23.699><c> knows</c><00:04:23.729><c> the</c>

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facts about gas as everyone knows the
 

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facts about gas as everyone knows the
gas<00:04:24.180><c> prices</c><00:04:24.630><c> currently</c><00:04:24.780><c> rising</c><00:04:25.520><c> those</c><00:04:26.520><c> two</c>

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gas prices currently rising those two
 

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gas prices currently rising those two
graphs<00:04:26.940><c> show</c><00:04:27.300><c> it</c><00:04:27.509><c> what's</c><00:04:28.259><c> seen</c><00:04:28.830><c> here</c><00:04:29.070><c> it's</c>

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graphs show it what's seen here it's
 

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graphs show it what's seen here it's
that<00:04:29.520><c> miners</c><00:04:30.090><c> are</c><00:04:30.210><c> actually</c><00:04:30.479><c> now</c><00:04:30.630><c> using</c><00:04:31.139><c> gas</c>

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that miners are actually now using gas
 

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that miners are actually now using gas
token<00:04:32.400><c> that</c><00:04:32.430><c> blocks</c><00:04:33.360><c> some</c><00:04:33.630><c> of</c><00:04:33.660><c> the</c><00:04:33.750><c> blocks</c>

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token that blocks some of the blocks
 

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token that blocks some of the blocks
they<00:04:34.229><c> mind</c><00:04:34.470><c> their</c><00:04:34.620><c> only</c><00:04:34.949><c> minting</c><00:04:35.430><c> Gaston</c><00:04:35.820><c> so</c>

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they mind their only minting Gaston so
 

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they mind their only minting Gaston so
if<00:04:36.240><c> you</c><00:04:36.330><c> look</c><00:04:36.509><c> here</c><00:04:36.539><c> they're</c><00:04:36.900><c> not</c><00:04:37.410><c> collecting</c>

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if you look here they're not collecting
 

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if you look here they're not collecting
any<00:04:37.919><c> fees</c><00:04:38.280><c> all</c><00:04:38.550><c> these</c><00:04:38.729><c> transactions</c><00:04:39.360><c> are</c>

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any fees all these transactions are
 

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any fees all these transactions are
straight<00:04:39.780><c> from</c><00:04:40.050><c> the</c><00:04:41.330><c> straight</c><00:04:42.330><c> there</c><00:04:42.479><c> are</c>

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straight from the straight there are
 

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straight from the straight there are
miners<00:04:42.900><c> transactions</c><00:04:43.560><c> they're</c><00:04:43.740><c> not</c><00:04:43.860><c> paying</c>

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miners transactions they're not paying
 

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miners transactions they're not paying
any<00:04:44.220><c> fees</c><00:04:44.280><c> and</c><00:04:44.639><c> they're</c><00:04:44.759><c> just</c><00:04:45.000><c> using</c><00:04:45.180><c> the</c>

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any fees and they're just using the
 

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any fees and they're just using the
whole<00:04:45.600><c> block</c><00:04:45.870><c> a</c><00:04:46.050><c> mind</c><00:04:46.289><c> to</c><00:04:46.410><c> print</c><00:04:46.650><c> gas</c><00:04:46.800><c> token</c>

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whole block a mind to print gas token
 

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whole block a mind to print gas token
and<00:04:48.180><c> it's</c><00:04:48.360><c> pretty</c><00:04:48.599><c> crazy</c><00:04:48.810><c> that's</c><00:04:49.169><c> not</c><00:04:49.320><c> how</c><00:04:49.530><c> it</c>

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and it's pretty crazy that's not how it
 

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and it's pretty crazy that's not how it
was<00:04:49.710><c> meant</c><00:04:49.860><c> to</c><00:04:49.979><c> be</c><00:04:50.099><c> used</c><00:04:50.250><c> but</c><00:04:50.430><c> but</c><00:04:50.669><c> we're</c>

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was meant to be used but but we're
 

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was meant to be used but but we're
seeing<00:04:50.970><c> it</c><00:04:51.180><c> happen</c><00:04:51.330><c> in</c><00:04:51.870><c> the</c><00:04:51.930><c> real</c><00:04:52.080><c> world</c>

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seeing it happen in the real world
 

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seeing it happen in the real world
here's<00:04:53.460><c> the</c><00:04:53.580><c> use</c><00:04:53.729><c> of</c><00:04:53.910><c> gas</c><00:04:54.120><c> token</c><00:04:54.539><c> rising</c><00:04:54.900><c> over</c>

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here's the use of gas token rising over
 

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here's the use of gas token rising over
time<00:04:55.139><c> the</c><00:04:56.099><c> same</c><00:04:56.280><c> things</c><00:04:56.520><c> happening</c><00:04:56.639><c> on</c><00:04:56.940><c> these</c>

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time the same things happening on these
 

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time the same things happening on these
classic<00:04:57.740><c> nothing's</c><00:04:58.740><c> any</c><00:04:59.009><c> better</c>

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classic nothing's any better
 

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classic nothing's any better
and<00:05:00.479><c> finally</c><00:05:00.870><c> that</c><00:05:01.050><c> there</c><00:05:01.199><c> are</c><00:05:01.380><c> markets</c><00:05:01.889><c> for</c>

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and finally that there are markets for
 

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and finally that there are markets for
gas<00:05:03.030><c> token</c><00:05:03.449><c> so</c><00:05:03.570><c> people</c><00:05:03.840><c> are</c><00:05:03.930><c> starting</c><00:05:04.080><c> to</c>

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gas token so people are starting to
 

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gas token so people are starting to
trade<00:05:04.590><c> gas</c><00:05:04.800><c> token</c><00:05:05.280><c> as</c><00:05:06.050><c> in</c><00:05:07.050><c> the</c><00:05:07.110><c> air</c><00:05:07.229><c> see</c><00:05:07.410><c> 20</c>

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trade gas token as in the air see 20
 

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trade gas token as in the air see 20
token<00:05:08.009><c> and</c><00:05:08.160><c> not</c><00:05:08.280><c> as</c><00:05:08.460><c> the</c><00:05:08.639><c> gas</c><00:05:08.820><c> refund</c><00:05:09.300><c> it</c><00:05:09.419><c> was</c>

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token and not as the gas refund it was
 

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token and not as the gas refund it was
meant<00:05:09.750><c> to</c><00:05:09.810><c> be</c><00:05:09.990><c> so</c><00:05:10.229><c> the</c><00:05:10.800><c> point</c><00:05:11.070><c> of</c><00:05:11.130><c> this</c><00:05:11.250><c> talk</c>

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meant to be so the point of this talk
 

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meant to be so the point of this talk
was<00:05:11.729><c> to</c><00:05:11.880><c> kind</c><00:05:12.060><c> of</c><00:05:12.150><c> show</c><00:05:12.300><c> you</c><00:05:12.360><c> what</c><00:05:12.509><c> gas</c><00:05:12.840><c> token</c>

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was to kind of show you what gas token
 

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was to kind of show you what gas token
wasn't<00:05:13.620><c> to</c><00:05:13.740><c> make</c><00:05:14.580><c> you</c><00:05:14.759><c> aware</c><00:05:15.539><c> of</c><00:05:15.599><c> it</c><00:05:16.410><c> and</c><00:05:16.620><c> how</c>

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wasn't to make you aware of it and how
 

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wasn't to make you aware of it and how
to<00:05:16.949><c> protect</c><00:05:17.220><c> yourself</c><00:05:17.699><c> so</c><00:05:17.789><c> if</c><00:05:18.270><c> you're</c>

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to protect yourself so if you're
 

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to protect yourself so if you're
vulnerable<00:05:19.099><c> thank</c><00:05:20.099><c> you</c>

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[Applause]

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you